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2.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(3): 291-296, mayo-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-174133

RESUMO

Objective: This is the first time that the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-disaster stress (CBT-PD) in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been tested outside the United States of America. Design: Quasi-experiment with three groups. In the quasi-control group, complete CBT-PD was applied even though its members did not have PTSD; in quasi-experimental conditions, participants received complete treatment because they had this diagnosis; and in the third group, participants with PTSD received an abbreviated treatment (double sessions) due to organisational requirements. Location: Primary health care workers in Constitución (Chile), city exposed to earthquake and tsunami; public department workers in Talca (city exposed only to earthquake) and teachers from a school (Constitución). Participants: A total of 13 of the 91 people diagnosed with PTSD participated. In addition, 16 people without diagnosis voluntarily participated. The treatment was completed by 29 participants. There were no dropouts. Only 1 of the 9 participants in the quasi-experimental group did not respond to treatment. Interventions: CBT-PD is a group therapy (10-12 sessions) that includes psychoeducation, breathing retraining, behavioural activation and cognitive restructuring. CBT-PD (complete and abbreviated) was applied between September and December 2010. Measurements: Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E) was used to measure PTSD symptoms before and after treatment. Results: The group that received the complete treatment and was diagnosed with PTSD showed a significant decrease in the total symptoms to below dangerous levels (IGAAB: 31.556; p<0.01; 95%CI: 0.21-2.01]; η2=0.709). Discussion: The effectiveness and benefits of incorporating CBT-PD in the health network after events like disasters were discussed


Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el estrés posdesastre (TCC-PD) en síntomas de estrés postraumático (TEPT) por primera vez fuera de los Estados Unidos. Diseño: Cuasiexperimental con tres grupos. Al grupo de cuasicontrol se le aplicó la TCC-PD completa pese a que sus miembros no tenían diagnóstico de TEPT; el grupo cuasiexperimental recibió el tratamiento completo porque sus miembros tenían ese diagnóstico. En el tercer grupo, las personas con TEPT recibieron un tratamiento abreviado (sesiones dobles) por exigencias organizativas. Emplazamiento: Trabajadores de atención primaria de salud de Constitución (Chile), ciudad expuesta al terremoto y tsunami; trabajadores de un servicio público de Talca (ciudad expuesta solo al terremoto) y profesores de escuela (Constitución). Participantes: Participaron 13 de las 91 personas diagnosticadas de TEPT; además, 16 personas sin diagnóstico participaron voluntariamente. Finalizaron el tratamiento 29 personas. No se produjeron abandonos. Solo uno de los nueve participantes del grupo cuasiexperimental no respondió al tratamiento. Intervenciones: La TCC-PD es una terapia grupal (10-12 sesiones) que incluye psicoeducación, reentrenamiento respiratorio, activación conductual y reestructuración cognitiva. Se aplicó TCC-PD (completa y abreviada) entre septiembre y diciembre de 2010. Mediciones principales: Para medir síntomas de TEPT se utilizó la Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E), antes y después del tratamiento. Resultados: Solo el grupo que recibió el tratamiento completo y fue diagnosticado de TEPT disminuyó significativamente sus síntomas por debajo de los niveles peligrosos (IGAAB: 31,556; p<0,01; IC95%: 0,21-2,01]; η2=0,709). Conclusiones: Se comprueban la efectividad y los beneficios de incorporar la TCC-PD en la red de salud después de desastres


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Psicoterapia Breve/métodos , Desastres Naturais/estatística & dados numéricos , Terremotos/estatística & dados numéricos , Tsunamis/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Estudos Controlados Antes e Depois , Chile
3.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 28(supl.1): 112-115, feb. 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-173068

RESUMO

Objective: The survival of children against disaster can be seen from their confidence in their ability (self-efficacy). Self-efficacy can help children to determine their ability against disaster as preparedness. The proper intervention to increase self-efficacy as a protective factor is a therapeutic group therapy. The aim of this research is to measure the increase of self-efficacy of school age children against earthquake and Tsunami through therapeutic group therapy. Method: This research used quasi-experimental design with pre-post-tests with control group. The sample involved in this study is 69 children, where 35 of them are in the experimental group while the rest 34 children are in the control group consisting of school children at the IV and V graders of elementary school. Results: The result of the research showed that the self-efficacy of school children is improved significantly after being treated with therapeutic group therapy (p value < 0,05), those who were not treated with therapeutic group therapy have no significant improvement (p value > 0,05). Conclusions: This research is recommended to be conducted on school age children to improve their self-efficacy against disaster through health education


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Autoeficácia , Vítimas de Desastres/reabilitação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Sobreviventes/psicologia , Desastres Naturais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Controlados Antes e Depois , Tsunamis , Terremotos
4.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 28(1): 59-65, feb. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-148818

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In this article, the evaluation of a structural model that seeks to identify predictors and mediators of posttraumatic growth (PTG) of people affected by a natural disaster is presented. METHOD:The sample was composed of 349 adult men and women who experienced the earthquake and tsunami on February 27, 2010 in Chile. A modeling with structural equations was used, contrasting two predictive models of PTG. The latent variables assessed were subjective severity, social sharing of emotion, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, problem-focused coping and posttraumatic growth. RESULTS:The best fit was obtained with the model that shows a direct influence of the subjective severity, problem-focused coping, and deliberate rumination in the presence of PTG. Problem-focused coping mediated the relation between subjective severity and social sharing with PTG. In turn, deliberate rumination mediated the relation of problem-focused coping and intrusive rumination with PTG.CONCLUSIONS: The results show the relevant role of cognitive processes such as deliberate rumination and behavioral processes such as problem-focused coping in the presence of PTG


ANTECEDENTES: este artículo presenta la evaluación de un modelo estructural que busca identificar predictores y mediadores de crecimiento postraumático (CPT) en personas afectadas por un desastre natural. MÉTODO: la muestra estuvo conformada por 349 hombres y mujeres adultos que vivieron el terremoto y tsunami del 27/F del 2010 en Chile. Se empleó modelamiento con ecuaciones estructurales contrastando 2 modelos predictivos de CPT. Las variables latentes fueron la subjetive severity, social sharing, rumiación intrusiva, rumiación deliberada, afrontamiento centrado en el problema y CPT. RESULTADOS: el mejor ajuste se obtuvo con el modelo que muestra una influencia directa de la severidad subjetiva, el afrontamiento centrado en el problema y la rumiación deliberada en la presencia de CPT. El afrontamiento centrado en el problema medió la relación de la severidad subjetiva y compartir social con el CPT; a su vez, la rumiación deliberada medió la relación del afrontamiento centrado en el problema y la rumiación intrusiva con el CPT. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados muestran el rol relevante de procesos cognitivos como la rumiación deliberada y procesos conductuales como el afrontamiento centrado en el problema en la presencia de CPT


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Terremotos , Modelos Estruturais , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Tsunamis , Dissonância Cognitiva , Psicometria/métodos , Psicometria/tendências , Ajustamento Social , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/tendências , Psicologia Social/métodos , Psicologia Social/organização & administração , Psicologia Social/normas
5.
An. psicol ; 29(2): 328-334, mayo-ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-112598

RESUMO

El 27 de febrero de 2010 (27-F) se produjo un terremoto y un tsunami que ha causado alto impacto en la salud mental de la población chilena, específicamente en el aumento de los casos de estrés post-traumático (TEPT). Para contar con mejores instrumentos que midan el TEPT se aplicó, por primera vez desde que fue creada, la escala SPRINT-E en una población distinta a la estadounidense, específicamente en 291 personas que experimentaron el 27-F.Los análisis de fiabilidad (alfa=0.916), validez concurrente (todos los ítems correlacionan significativamente con la escala DTS utilizada como criterio) y validez de constructo (CMIN=2.237, RMSEA=0.092, NFI=0.901, CFI=0.942 y PNFI=0.704 para el modelo de dos factores) indican que el SPRINT-E es una escala fiable y válida para medir TEPT en esa población. Finalmente, se reflexiona respecto de la nueva estructura factorial des-cubierta en este análisis, la cual concuerda con el significado de los ítems y con modelos teóricos explicativos (estímulos encubiertos). También se re-flexiona respecto de la utilidad de una escala breve, válida y de probadas muy buenas características psicométricas en una población de habla hispana propensa a catástrofes naturales como la chilena del 27-F, la japonesa del 11 de marzo de 2011, o la española del 11 de mayo de 2011 (AU)


On February 27, 2010 (F-27) there was an earthquake and a tsunami in Chile that has caused a great impact on the mental health of the population of this country, specifically in the increase of cases of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In view of count better instruments to measure PTSD was applied for the first time since it was created, the SPRINT-E scale in a population other than the U.S., specifically in 291 people who experienced the F-27.The analysis of reliability (alpha=0. 916), concurrent validity (all items significantly correlated with the scale used as a criterion DTS) and construct validity (CMIN=2.237, RMSEA=0.092, NFI=0.901, CFI=0.942 and PNFI=0.704 for two-factor model) indicate that SPRINT-E is a valid and reliable scale to measure PTSD in this population. Finally, some reflections about new factor structure discovered in this analysis, which is consistent with the meaning of items and with theoretical models such as covert stimuli. It also reflects on the usefulness of a brief scale, proven valid and very good psychometric characteristics in a Spanish-speaking population prone to natural disasters such as Chilean F-27, Japan (March 11, 2011) or Spain (May 11, 2011) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Análise Fatorial , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Breve , Terremotos , Tsunamis , Desastres Naturais
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