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1.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 23(10): 2057-2065, oct. 2021. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-223376

RESUMO

Purpose Laryngeal cancer has a poor prognosis when progressing to an advanced stage with limited treatment options. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms is important to identify novel treatment targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play oncogenic roles in cancer, including in laryngeal cancer. We previously discovered that the lncRNA RP11-297P16.3 is overexpressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) based on RNA-sequencing data. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of knockdown of RP11-297P16.3 on the migration and invasion of LSCC cells, and the significance of these effects. Methods Six methods were employed to assess the function of RP11-297P16.3 including gene silencing, RT-PCR, the 5-Ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assay, Scratch wound-healing assay, transwell assay, and Western blot. Results The results show that the expression of RP11-297P16.3 in the si-lncRNA group was significantly decreased compared with those in the BC (blank control) and NC (negative control) groups. Moreover, knockdown of RP11-297P16.3 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of LSCC cells but had no effect on cell proliferation. The protein expression of N-cadherin and vimentin was notably decreased after RP11-297P16.3 knockdown; whereas, the protein expression of cadherin was significantly increased Conclusion These results suggested that RP11-297P16.3 may inhibit the migration and invasion of LSCC cells by regulating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process, suggesting that RP11-297P16.3 is a potential new target for treating LSCC (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Inativação Gênica , Neoplasias Laríngeas/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Caderinas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética
2.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 23(10): 2078-2089, oct. 2021. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-223378

RESUMO

Objective Collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) exerts tumor-promoting functions in several tumors. However, its role in liver cancer remains not fully understood. Hence, this study aims to investigate the role of COL4A1 in regulating liver cancer cell behaviors and to validate its upstream regulatory mechanism. Methods Expression of xeroderma pigmentosum D (XPD) and COL4A1 was examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated. The protein levels of N-cadherin, vimentin, and E-cadherin were determined by western blot to evaluate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The interaction between miR-29a-3p and COL4A1 was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. Results COL4A1 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in Hep3B cells. In contrast, COL4A1 silencing yielded the opposite effects in HepG2 cells. Expression of COL4A1 was increased, whereas expression of XPD and miR-29a-3p was decreased in HCC tissues compared to controls. COL4A1 mRNA level was negatively correlated with expression of XPD and miR-29a-3p in HCC tissues. Furthermore, XPD silencing-mediated up-regulation of COL4A1 expression was attenuated by miR-29a-3p mimic. Moreover, miR-29a-3p mimic inhibited Hep3B cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by directly targeting COL4A1. Conclusion COL4A1 is negatively regulated by XPD-miR-29a-3p axis and promotes liver cancer progression in vitro (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/análise , Caderinas/análise , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Movimento Celular , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Inativação Gênica , Invasividade Neoplásica
3.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 23(8): 1542-1548, ago. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-222152

RESUMO

Background Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer. Here, we investigated whether manipulating CIP2A abundance could enhance the treatment effects of doxorubicin in MCF-7/ADR cells. Methods CIP2A silencing was achieved by specific siRNAs. Proliferation of breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADR under effective doxorubicin concentrations after CIP2A silencing was examined by MTT assay. Wound healing assay was performed to quantify cell migration and caspase-3/-7 activities were measured for assessing the extent of apoptosis. Results First, our data confirmed that MCF-7/ADR cell proliferation was suppressed by doxorubicin in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, knocking down of CIP2A could further decrease MCF-7 cell proliferation and migration, even in the presence of doxorubicin. Mechanistically, we have found that CIP2A silencing promoted cell apoptosis relative to doxorubicin alone or vehicle control groups. Lastly, phosphatase2A (PP2A) activity was potentiated and the autophagy markers, LC3B and Beclin1, were upregulated after knocking down CIP2A. Conclusion Our findings support the potential benefits of using CIP2A inhibitor as a therapeutic agent to treat doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Proteína Beclina-1/metabolismo , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Inativação Gênica , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Apoptose , Autofagia , Caspases/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células
4.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 44(5): 355-365, May.2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-221654

RESUMO

Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an aberrant lipid metabolism disease. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor which plays an important part in adapting lower oxygen condition. Here, we aimed to clarify the relationship between HIF-1α and NAFLD. Methods: HepG2 cells was stimulated by oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) to establish in vitro model of NAFLD. The expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, the binding of PPARα to HIF-1α promoter, the lipid deposition, and oxidative stress were detected by qRT-PCR, western blot, Chip assay, Oil Red O staining and ELISA assays, respectively. Results: HIF-1α silence promoted lipid accumulation in NAFLD cells, accompanying by the significantly increased contents of TG (triglyceride) and ApoB (apolipoprotein B). In HepG2 cells treated with OA/PA, the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins, including APOE, A2m, TNFRSF11B, LDLr, and SREBP2, and the intracellular lipid deposition were up-regulated and further aggravated after silencing HIF-1α. In addition, the loss of HIF-1α could remarkably elevate MDA contents while inhibit the activities of beneficial antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px to activate oxidative stress, and promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α to aggravate inflammation in NDFLD cells. PPARα positively bound to HIF-1α promoter. The silence of PPARα aggravated lipid deposition under normal or hypoxic environment in NAFLD cells. In addition, PPAR-α silence could decrease the expression of HIF-1α and ANGPTL4 in NAFLD cell model; moreover, the expression of APOE, A2m and TNFRSF11B and the production of TG and MDA were increased by PPAR-α suppression. Conclusion: HIF-1α plays a crucial role in the regulation of lipid metabolism through activating PPAR-α/ANGPTL4 signaling pathway in NAFLD.(AU)


Objetivo: La esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (EHNA) es una enfermedad del metabolismo aberrante de los lípidos. El factor inducible por hipoxia 1 (HIF-1α) es un factor de transcripción que desempeña una función importante en la adaptación de la afección de nivel de oxígeno bajo. En el presente documento, intentamos aclarar la relación entre HIF-1α y la EHNA. Métodos: Las células HepG2 se estimularon con ácido oleico (OA) y ácido palmítico (PA) para establecer un modelo in vitro de la EHNA. La expresión de los genes relacionados con el metabolismo de los lípidos, la unión de PPARα al promotor HIF-1α, el depósito de lípidos y el estrés oxidativo se detectaron mediante ensayos de qRT-PCR, inmunoelectrotransferencia, ensayo de inmunoprecipitación de cromatina (ChIP), ensayos de tinción de rojo aceite O y ELISA, respectivamente. Resultados: El silencio de HIF-1α promovió la acumulación de lípidos en las células de la EHNA, acompañada de un aumento significativo del contenido de triglicéridos (TG) y apolipoproteína B (ApoB). En las células HepG2 tratadas con OA/PA, la expresión de genes y proteínas relacionados con el metabolismo lipídico, incluidos APOE, A2m, TNFRSF11B, LDLr y SREBP2, y el depósito de lípidos intracelular se regularon al alza y se agravaron aún más después de silenciar HIF-1α. Además, la pérdida de HIF-1α podría elevar notablemente el contenido de MDA e inhibir las actividades de las enzimas antioxidantes beneficiosas SOD y GSH-Px para activar el estrés oxidativo, y promover la secreción de IL-6 pro-inflamatoria y TNF-α para agravar la inflamación en las células de la EHNA. PPARα se unió positivamente al promotor HIF-1α. El silencio de PPARα agravó el depósito de lípidos en un ambiente normal o hipóxico en las células de la EHNA. Además, el silencio de PPAR-α pudo disminuir la expresión de HIF-1α y ANGPTL4 en el modelo de células de la EHNA; por otra parte, la expresión de APOE, A2m y TNFRSF11B, y la producción de TG y MDA aumentaro,


Assuntos
Humanos , Proteína 4 Semelhante a Angiopoietina/antagonistas & inibidores , Células Cultivadas , Inativação Gênica , Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica
5.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 23(3): 450-458, mar. 2021. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-220880

RESUMO

Purpose Increasing evidence suggested that microRNA plays an important role in ovarian cancer. In this study, the role of miR-92 in ovarian cancer was investigated. Methods In this study, miR-92 expression in clinical sample was evaluated, role of miR-92 was investigated in vitro, and underlying mechanism was investigated using Chip, co-IP, and western blot. Results In this study, we show that miR-92 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissue compared with normal cancer tissue. Transfection of miR-92 increased proliferation of ovarian cancer cell, and increased migration capacity and colony formation were observed after miR-92 transfection; we found that expression of LATS2 was decreased by miR-92, and this was further confirmed by luciferase assay, which proved that miR-92 is targeting 3′ of the endogenous LATS2 gene. Downregulation of LATS2 resulted in increased translocation of YAP1 and upregulation of PD-L1, which subsequently suppressed NK cell function and promoted T cell apoptosis. Moreover, co-transfection of YAP1-targeted shRNA could relieve miR-92-induced immune suppression effect. Mechanically, immunoprecipitation (IP) was used to show that LATS2 interacted with YAP1 and subsequently limited nuclear translocation of YAP1; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to confirm that YAP1 could bind to enhancer region of PD-L1 to enhance transcription activity of PD-L1. Conclusions Our data revealed a novel mechanism which finally resulted in immune suppression in ovarian cancer (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Regulação para Baixo , Inativação Gênica , Imunoprecipitação , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Antígeno B7-1/metabolismo
6.
Eur. j. anat ; 22(4): 303-316, jul. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-179094

RESUMO

DNA methylation patterns may be used as innovative biomarkers for some pathologies including cancer. They show a great accessibility due to their stability and presence in body fluids. In addition, these epigenetic modifications may be used as prognosis markers or therapeutic targets. Concretely, in colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer in the world in both men and women, a continuous genetic and epigenetic alteration occurs during neoplastic transformation in colonic epithelial cells. This accumulation of alterations leads to the transformation of normal colonic epithelial cells to adenocarcinomas, and these genetic alterations are promoted by aberrant methylation of promoter regions and subsequent gene silencing. Many of these genes have been reported to be methylated in the tissue, plasma and stool of CRC patients, suggesting that they may have great potential to be used as biomarkers for the early detection of CRC. The aim of this study is to review changes in the methylation pattern of the genes that can be used as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CRC


No disponible


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Metilação de DNA/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Epigênese Genética/genética , Inativação Gênica , Prognóstico
7.
J. optom. (Internet) ; 11(2): 69-74, abr.-jun. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-172719

RESUMO

Purpose/aim: Glaucoma consists of a group of progressive optic neuropathies that are characterized by degeneration of the optic nerve and irreversible visual filed loss. Elevated intraocular pressure is the only proven treatable risk factor and commercial products used for glaucoma treatment are focused in lowering intraocular pressure. These drugs can have various undesirable side effects and this invites to look for new strategies. The purpose of this work is to study the use of a siRNA (small interfering RNA) to selectively silence beta2 adrenergic receptors and to see whether it reduces IOP (intraocular pressure). Material and methods: Topical instillation of beta2 adrenergic receptors small-interfering RNA (siRNA, 25-250 g) was applied and IOP was measured with a Tonopen XL up to 9 consecutive days. The effect of such siRNA was compared to commercial compounds such as Timoftlol, Trusopt and Xalatan, and it was also analyzed if some anatomical changes occurred by microscopy. Results: siRNA designed for beta2 adrenergic receptor induced a reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) of 30 ± 5%, compared to a control (scrambled siRNA). The results in terms of IOP decrease were similar to that found with commercial compounds but a long-lasting hypotensive action was shown by beta2 adrenergic receptor siRNA treatment as compared to commercial drugs. No apparent side effects were observed in the ocular structures. Conclusion: The use of siRNA against the beta2 adrenergic receptors could provide an interesting therapeutic strategy for glaucoma treatment


Objetivo: El glaucoma consiste en un grupo de neuropatías ópticas progresivas caracterizadas por degeneración del nervio óptico y pérdida irreversible del campo visual. La elevación de la presión intraocular es el único factor de riesgo tratable probado, centrándose los productos comerciales para el tratamiento del glaucoma en la reducción de la presión intraocular. Estos fármacos pueden tener diversos efectos secundarios indeseados, lo cual invita a buscar nuevas estrategias. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el uso de un ARNip (ARN pequeño de interferencia) para silenciar selectivamente los receptores adrenérgicos beta2, y comprobar si reduce la PIO (presión intraocular). Material y métodos: Se realizó instilación tópica de ARN pequeño de interferencia para los receptores adrenérgicos beta2 (ARNip, 25-250 g), midiéndose la PIO con Tonopen XL hasta nueve días consecutivos. Se comparó el efecto de dicho ARNip con componentes comerciales tales como Timoftlol, Trusopt y Xalatan, analizándose asimismo mediante microscopio si se producía cualquier cambio anatómico. Resultados: ARNip diseñado para el receptor adrenérgico beta2 indujo una reducción de la presión intraocular (PIO) de 30 ± 5%, en comparación al control (ARNip de secuencia aleatoria). Los resultados en términos de reducción de la PIO fueron similares a los encontrados utilizando componentes comerciales, aunque el tratamiento con ARNip para el receptor adrenérgico beta2 reflejó una acción hipotensora de larga duración en comparación con los fármacos comerciales. No se observaron efectos secundarios aparentes en las estructuras oculares. Conclusión: El uso de ARNip contra los receptores adrenérgicos beta2 podría aportar una estrategia terapéutica interesante para el tratamiento del glaucoma


Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Pressão Intraocular/genética , Glaucoma/genética , Inativação Gênica , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glaucoma/fisiopatologia , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/farmacocinética , Pressão Intraocular , Glaucoma/tratamento farmacológico
8.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(12): 562-571, 16 jun., 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-138208

RESUMO

Introducción. Los microARN (miARN) son moléculas que han generado gran atención como reguladores de procesos de silenciamiento génico en diferentes organismos. La desregulación de los mecanismos efectuados por estas moléculas se vincula al desarrollo y progresión de los trastornos relacionados con el sistema inmune. Diferentes estudios exponen que los miARN desempeñan un papel fundamental en procesos neuronales e inmunes, y se relacionan con los mecanismos de las enfermedades que afectan ambos sistemas. La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa debida a la desmielinización axonal causada por procesos autoinmunes. Objetivo. Mostrar la estrecha relación de las funciones regulatorias de los miARN en vías de señalización neuroinmunoló- gicas en el desarrollo de la EM, así como su estudio como biomarcadores diagnósticos para su uso en pacientes. Desarrollo. En la literatura científica se ha estudiado y establecido el papel de los miARN como moduladores de los procesos celulares. Sin embargo, poco se ha abordado sobre su funcionalidad en las células gliales dentro de los procesos de plasticidad neuronal, regulación de la desmielinización y reconstitución axonal, por lo que su revisión constituye el propó- sito de este escrito. Además, algunos miARN previamente evaluados se describen para su enfoque diagnóstico para la detección, curso y tratamiento de la EM, y se encuentran en investigación o implementación. Conclusiones. Existe una fuerte evidencia del papel que realizan los miARN en los mecanismos homeostáticos axonales durante la evolución de la EM. Esto representa un área de estudio para explorar el uso de estas moléculas para la comprensión de esta enfermedad, su diagnóstico oportuno y la evolución en los pacientes (AU)


Introduction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are molecules that in the last decade have gained increased attention a key mediator of the process of gene silencing in mammals. Deregulation of miRNAs is linked to illnesses such as cancer, and autoimmunity. Different reports claim for these molecules pivotal roles in both neuronal and immune processes, as well as in prediction of diseases affecting both systems. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an example of an illness affecting myelin of axons, caused by autoimmune deregulation. Aim. To show the close relationship of the functions of miRNAs and their deregulation processes related to the immune and brain mechanisms in MS. In addition, we illustrate the use of miRNAs a potential noninvasive diagnostics for the assessment of the health status of a patient with MS. Development. In the scientific literature, there has been a widely identified role of miRNAs as modulators. However, little is known about the role that these molecules perform together with glial cells in neuronal plasticity and de/re- myelination processes. In spite of the acknowledged role played by miRNAs in all function, little has been investigated on their potential. An overview is presented here in the research, development and implementation o diagnostic techniques relating miRNA and MS. Conclusions. There is strong evidence of the role of miRNA and homeostatic processes of brain’s white matter in MS. In a field study to exploit and can aid in early diagnosis and also in the development of therapies based on the use of miRNAs (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Esclerose Múltipla/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Autoimunidade , Inativação Gênica , Genes Reguladores/genética
9.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(3): 138-143, mayo-jun. 2014. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-122523

RESUMO

Objetivo: Los miARN actúan como silenciadores génicos que están implicados en la regulación de funciones celulares esenciales. El miR-335 participa regulando los procesos de diferenciación celular en células progenitoras. Las células madre mesenquimales (MSC) son células progenitoras de los condrocitos y osteoblastos encargados del mantenimiento homeostático del cartílago y hueso. El objetivo de este estudio era determinar una posible asociación entre la expresión de miR-335 y la enfermedad artrósica. Metodología: Las MSC obtenidas de la médula ósea de 3 pacientes artrósicos y 3 controles sin signos clínicos de artrosis ni osteoporosis se cultivaron y caracterizaron fenotípica y funcionalmente en el pase 3 de cultivo. Así mismo, mediante PCR cuantitativa se determinaron los niveles de expresión de miR-335 y del gen mesoderm-specific transcript ---MEST---, que controla su expresión. Resultados: Se detectaron diferencias entre las MSC aisladas de pacientes con artrosis y los controles en los niveles de expresión de miR-335 y de MEST (mediana [rango intercuartílico]: 1,69 [0,85-1,74]; 3,85 [3,20-5,67]). Aunque las diferencias detectadas no alcanzaron una significación estadística (p = 0,1), sí se apreció una clara tendencia a una menor expresión de miR-335 en las MSC de pacientes artrósicos. Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta que miR-335 tiene como dianas potenciales diferentes genes que participan en la vía de se˜nalización de la Wnt, la tendencia observada podría determinar, al menos en parte, algunas de las alteraciones que determinan el inicio o progresión de la artrosis, y puede, por lo tanto, servir en el diseño de futuras dianas terapéuticas para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad (AU)


Objective: MiRNAs act as gene silencers that are involved in the regulation of essential cell functions. miR-335 is involved in regulating cell differentiation processes in progenitor cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitor cells of chondrocytes and osteoblasts responsible for homeostatic maintenance of cartilage and bone. The aim of this study was to determine a possible relationship between the expression of miR-335 and osteoarthritis. Methods: MSCs obtained from the bone marrow of 3 osteoarthritic patients and 3 controls with no clinical signs of osteoarthritis or osteoporosis were cultured and phenotypically and functionally characterised in a 3-step culture. Expression levels of miR-335 and the mesodermspecific transcript gene ---MEST--- that controls its expression were determined by quantitative PCR. Results: Differences in the expression levels of miR-335 and MEST (median [interquartile range]: 1.69 [0.85-1.74], and 3.85 [3.20-5.67] were detected between MSCs isolated from patients with osteoarthritis and controls. Although the differences detected did not reach statistical significance (P = .1), a clear trend towards lower expression of miR-335 in osteoarthritis MSCs was observed. Conclusions: Given that miR-335 has the different genes involved in the Wnt signalling pathway as potential targets, the observed trend may help to ascertain, at least partially, some of the alterations which determine the onset or progression of osteoarthritis, and can therefore serve for the design of future therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , MicroRNAs/fisiologia , Osteoartrite/fisiopatologia , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Mesoderma/fisiologia , Inativação Gênica , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transcrição Gênica/fisiologia
10.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 15(7): 555-562, jul. 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-127468

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the main cause of cancer morbidity for women worldwide and is manifestation of abnormal genetic as well as epigenetic changes. Therefore, our aim was to study the association of BRCA1 promoter methylation with rs11655505 (c.-2265C/T) variants and gene expression in sporadic breast cancer. METHODS: Twenty-nine sporadic breast cancer tissues and 26 normal biopsies were used for this study. Genomic DNA and total RNA were extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue and SNP analysis performed. Methylation status of the BRCA1 promoter region was determined by methylation-specific PCR after sodium bisulfite modification of DNA. RESULTS: Among all clinical-pathological parameters only estrogen receptor -ve and +ve samples were significantly different for methylation status (P = 0.04). The genotypic (CC, CT and TT), allelic frequencies and methylation status had not been found to be significantly different from that of healthy controls (P = 0.67, 0.71 and 0.17, respectively). Similarly, methylated BRCA1 promoter was not found to be significantly different in different genotypes from unmethylated promoters between patients and controls. Interestingly, only heterozygous (CT) genotypes with low and normal expression of BRCA1 were significantly different for the differential expression of BRCA1 compared to controls (P = 0.004). However, in tumor samples decreased expression of gene is associated with methylated state of BRCA1 promoter [OR (95 % CI) = 25.09 (2.17-29.75); P = 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that both single nucleotide variations rs11655505 (c.-2265C/T) and the methylation status of BRCA1 are not associated significantly with the occurrence of sporadic breast cancer in studied population. However, decreased expression of gene is associated with the CT genotypes and the disease. But, in case of tumor samples, an association of methylation of the promoter to the decreased expression of BRCA1 gene suggests the possible role of methylation in gene silencing (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteína BRCA1/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Inativação Gênica , Genótipo
11.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 132(10): 371-376, mar. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-60603

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivo: El silenciamiento génico mediado por la metilación aberrante de la región promotora del ácido desoxirribonucleico está implicado en la inactivación de genes involucrados en diversas vías metabólicas y se ha constituido en un marcador molecular útil en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de sujetos oncológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los patrones de hipermetilación génica en mujeres con tumores ginecológicos. Sujetos y método: Se seleccionaron 115 mujeres con cánceres ginecológicos: 22 mujeres con cáncer de ovario (CO), 13 mujeres con cáncer de endometrio (CE), 11 mujeres con cáncer de cuello uterino y 69 mujeres con cáncer de mama. Mediante prueba de metilación específica por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, se estudió el estado de metilación de los genes CDNK2A (p16), APC1A, FHIT, CDH1 y hMLH1.ResultadosLas frecuencias de metilación génica para los genes CDNK2A (p16), APC1A, FHIT, CDH1 y hMLH1 fueron del 29,2; 34; 60,4; 10,9, y 79,8%, respectivamente. El 70% de los casos presentó al menos 2 genes metilados, es decir, un índice de metilación superior a 0,4. La frecuencia de metilación más baja se observó en el CO, mientras que la frecuencia de metilación más alta se presentó en el CE. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que la metilación aberrante de la región promotora es un acontecimiento importante en la carcinogénesis de los tumores ginecológicos y que el patrón de metilación génica se asocia a la naturaleza tumoral. Estas características particulares pueden entregar información relevante acerca de las principales vías metabólicas alteradas en cada tipo tumoral, información que sumada a estudios complementarios de pérdida de expresión o de función representa una herramienta clínica para el tratamiento adecuado de la enfermedad (AU)


Background and objective: Gene silencing mediated by the aberrant methylation of the promoter region of DNA is involved in the inactivation of genes implicated in various metabolic pathways. Such a gene hypermethylation has become a useful molecular marker for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cancer patients. Our objective is to analyze the patterns of gene hypermethylation in patients with gynecological tumors. Patients and methods: We selected 115 patients with gynecological cancers: 22 ovarian; 13 endometrial, 11 cervical-uterine and 69 breast cancers. By testing methylation-specific PCR, we studied the methylation status of genes CDNK2A (p16), APC1A, FHIT, CDH1 and hMLH1.ResultsThe frequencies of gene methylation in genes p16, APC1A, FHIT, hMLH1 and CDH1 were 29.2%, 34%, 60.4%, 10.9% and 79.8%, respectively. 70% of cases showed at least two methylated genes, which means a rate of methylation >0.4. The lowest frequency of methylation was seen in ovarian cancer, while the highest one was observed in endometrial cancer. Conclusions: The results indicate that the aberrant methylation of the promoter region is an important event in carcinogenesis of gynecological tumors and that the pattern of gene methylation is associated with the nature of the tumor. These particular characteristics can deliver relevant information on the major metabolic pathways altered in each tumor type. In addition to complementary studies (ie, loss of expression and/or function), this represents a clinical tool for the proper management of the disease (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Metilação de DNA , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/genética , Inativação Gênica , /análise , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas
12.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(1): 37-41, ene.-feb. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-89354

RESUMO

El síndrome X frágil es la forma más frecuente de retraso mental hereditario con una prevalencia de 1 de cada 4.000 varones y 1 de cada 8.000 mujeres. El gen responsable es el FMR1 que presenta un mecanismo de trasmisión ligado al sexo semidominante, por lo que puede afectar a ambos sexos. La etiología del SXF es una mutación inestable de una secuencia repetitiva CGG en el extremo 5´ no codificante que puede encontrarse de forma normal, premutada o con mutación completa que es la que provoca la inactivación del gen y por tanto, la falta de proteína FMRP que es la causa del síndrome. El diagnóstico clínico del síndrome se basa en los hallazgos físicos característicos, sin embargo, si no existen antecedentes familiares, puede ser difícil reconocerlo antes de la aparición del retraso psicomotor o de los trastornos de conducta (AU)


Fragile-X Syndrome is the most frequente hereditary from of mental retardation. It has a prevalence of 1 in 4.000 males and 1 in 8.000 females. The gene that causes the syndrome is FMR1, which is X-linked and presents a semi dominant segregation affecting both sexes. The molecular cause of FXS is the unstable mutation of a CGG repeat in the 5´untranslated end of the gene. This repeated sequence can one causes the absence of the protein FMRP, which is the cause of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of the syndrome is based on its characteristic physical findings, although when there is no family history, it may be difficult to recognize it before the onset of psychomotor delay or the behavioral problems (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Mutação , Inativação Gênica , Inativação do Cromossomo X/genética , Transtornos Psicomotores/genética , Transtornos Mentais/genética
14.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 35(supl.1): 26-30, mayo 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-144837

RESUMO

La epigenética se define como aquellos cambios heredables que se producen en la expresión génica sin modificar la secuencia de DNA. Los factores epigenéticos se caracterizan por ser químicamente estables, potencialmente reversibles y modulables o inducibles por factores ambientales. En el caso de las enfermedades alérgicas la epigenética podría contribuir a explicar, no sólo las discordancias observadas en los gemelos monocigóticos sino también fenómenos como la penetrancia incompleta, la expresión variable, los efectos del sexo y del progenitor de origen y los casos esporádicos. En este sentido, la hipótesis de la higiene cobra gran relevancia al integrar datos genéticos y epidemiológicos en el marco de las exposiciones ambientales. Entre los factores epigenéticos destacan la metilación del DNA, las modificaciones covalentes de las histonas y otros mecanismos que incluyen distintos complejos proteicos y las modificaciones mediadas por RNA. El efecto regulador de estos fenómenos sobre la respuesta inmune tiene grandes implicaciones en las enfermedades alérgicas. En la actualidad se están desarrollando distintas líneas de investigación farmacológica basadas en la modulación de los factores epigenéticos, modificando la expresión de los genes que codifican proteínas implicadas en los procesos alérgicos. Entre estos moduladores destacan los oligonucleótidos antisentido, las ribozimas y los RNA de interferencia. Las aplicaciones de la epigenética al diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades alérgicas abre un campo muy esperanzador en el futuro de esta especialidad (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Epigênese Genética , Inativação Gênica , Hipersensibilidade/fisiopatologia , Metilação de DNA , Histonas/análise , Equilíbrio Th1-Th2 , Meio Ambiente
15.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 72(4): 629-642, oct. 2006. ilus
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-051856

RESUMO

Los genomas de los organismos del género Plasmodium, agente causante de la malaria humana y animal, se caracterizan por un alto contenido en A+T e inserciones de baja complejidad en sus proteínas. La enzima glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa- 6-fosfogluconolactonasa (G6PD-6PGL) de las especies de Plasmodium posee unas características estructurales y bifuncionales únicas. En el presente trabajo analizamos la expresión de la G6PD-6PGL de P. faciparum a lo largo del ciclo intraeritrocítico mediante análisis inmunológico con anticuerpos frente a sus dominios N- y C- terminal. La modificación del tamaño del patrón de bandas en los diferentes estadios del desarrollo del parásito sugiere un procesamiento intracelular de la proteína que implicaría que la forma nativa bifuncional genera dos fragmentos principales. El silenciamiento in vitro del gen PfG6PD-6PGL, mediante ARN de interferencia, durante el desarrollo a corto plazo del parásito, también reveló la aparente modificación intracelular de la proteína dependiente del estadio de su ciclo vital. El tamaño de los fragmentos fue consistente con la separación de las dos funciones catalíticas de la enzima. Aunque en P. falciparum no se ha identificado la maquinaria proteolítica de este procesamiento específico de PfG6PD- 6PGL, nuestros resultados sugieren la existencia de mecanismos especializados para el procesamiento intracelular de este tipo de proteínas de estructura única y de función esencial, y que han podido aparecer como consecuencia de la particular evolución de su genoma


The genomes from the organisms of the Plasmodium genus, the causative agents of human and animal malaria, are characterized by an extreme high A+T content and an associated abundant low complexity inserts within their proteins. The enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase (G6PD- 6PGL) found in Plasmodium species has unique structural and bifunctional characteristics. Here, we report the expression analysis of P. faciparum G6PD- 6PGL along the intraerythrocytic cycle by immunological analysis with antibodies raised against its N- and C- terminal domains. The pattern modification of band sizes at the different stages of parasite development suggest intracellular protein processing involving the cleavage of the native bifunctional form to produce two main fragments. In vitro RNA-mediated PfG6PD-6PGL gene silencing, studied along short-term parasite development also revealed the apparent intracellular protein modification dependent on the parasite stage. Fragment sizes were consistent with separating both catalytic functions of the enzyme. The proteolytic machinery underlying this specific PfG6PD-6PGL proccesing is still unknown in P. falciparum but suggests the existence of distinctive mechanisms in the parasite to deal with unique protein structures of essential function resulting from its genome evolution


Assuntos
Humanos , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Inativação Gênica , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Células Cultivadas , RNA Mensageiro
16.
Int. microbiol ; 9(2): 125-133, jun. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-048323

RESUMO

It has been postulated that nodulation outer proteins (Nops) avoid effective nodulation of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 to nodulate with American soybeans. S. fredii HH103 naturally nodulates with both Asiatic (non-commercial) and American (commercial) soybeans. Inactivation of the S. fredii HH103 gene rhcJ, which belongs to the tts (type III secretion) cluster, abolished Nop secretion and decreased its symbiotic capacity with the two varieties of soybeans. S. fredii strains HH103 and USDA257, that only nodulates with Asian soybeans, showed different SDS-PAGE Nop profiles, indicating that these strains secrete different sets of Nops. In coinoculation experiments, the presence of strain USDA257 provoked a clear reduction of the nodulation ability of strain HH103 with the American soybean cultivar Williams. These results suggest that S. fredii Nops can act as either detrimental or beneficial symbiotic factors in a strain-cultivar-dependent manner. Differences in the flavonoid-mediated expression of rhcJ with respect to nodA were also detected. In addition, one of the Nops secreted by strain HH103 was identified as NopA (AU)


Se ha propuesto que las proteínas externas de nodulación (Nops) impiden la nodulación efectiva de Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 con las sojas americanas. S. fredii HH103 nodula de forma natural tanto con las sojas asiáticas (no comercializadas) como con las americanas (comercializadas). La inactivación del gen rhcJ de HH103, que pertenece a la agrupación génica tts (secreción de tipo III), anuló la secreción de Nops y redujo la capacidad simbiótica de esta bacteria con las dos variedades de soja. Las cepas HH103 y USDA257 de S. fredii, que sólo nodula sojas asiáticas, mostraron perfiles SDS-PAGE diferentes de Nop, lo cual sugiere que estas cepas podrían secretar distintos conjuntos de Nops. Cuando las cepas USDA257 y HH103 fueron inoculadas conjuntamente, la capacidad de nodulación de esta última cepa con el cultivar americano Williams de soja se redujo significativamente. Estos resultados indican que las Nops secretadas por S. fredii pueden actuar como factores simbióticos tanto positivos como negativos dependiendo de la cepa-cultivar rizobiana. Se detectaron también diferencias entre la expresión mediada por flavonoides del gen rhcJ y del nodA. Además, una de las Nops secretadas por la cepa HH103 fue identificada como NopA (AU)


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias , Sinorhizobium fredii/patogenicidade , Simbiose , Inativação Gênica , Genes Bacterianos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação , /genética , Sinorhizobium fredii/genética , Sinorhizobium fredii/metabolismo
18.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(supl.1): 57-62, 1 oct., 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27334

RESUMO

Objetivo. En este artículo se hace una breve revisión sobre la metilación del ADN, las enzimas y proteínas involucradas en la formación del complejo represor y la importancia de la metilación del gen FMR1 en el síndrome X frágil. Desarrollo. El estado de metilación de regiones de control en el genoma desempeña un papel fundamental en la regulación de la expresión genética. En genes susceptibles, los que contienen una isla CpG en el promotor, la metilación de la citosina favorece un estado represivo de la cromatina que previene la unión de los factores de transcripción. Las enzimas ADN metiltransferasas transfieren un grupo metilo de la S-adenosilmetionina al carbono 5 de la citosina en las secuencias CG. Se ha descrito un grupo de proteínas que reconocen a las citosinas metiladas y reclutan al correpresor y las desacetilasas de las histonas. La pérdida del grupo acetilo de las histonas produce la compactación de la cromatina. El síndrome X frágil se debe, en la mayoría de los casos, a la expansión por encima de un umbral de las repeticiones CGG del primer exón del gen FMR1. Por causas no bien conocidas estas expansiones se acompañan de la metilación del promotor y como consecuencia del silencio del gen. Conclusiones. La metilación del ADN etiqueta a los genes de forma que la misma secuencia de bases puede tener repercusiones fenotípicas diferentes. La metilación aberrante de los genes es causa de diversas patologías como el síndrome X frágil. El conocimiento de los mecanismos de represión de la expresión genética por metilación y el estudio de agentes que haga reversible el proceso son importantes para el tratamiento de dichas enfermedades (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Metilases de Modificação do DNA , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Inativação Gênica , Modelos Genéticos , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil , Expansão das Repetições de Trinucleotídeos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso , Metilação de DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA
19.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 52(7): 546-552, oct. 2001. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1388

RESUMO

La integración del virus del papiloma humano (HPV) en el genoma celular y la pérdida de heterozigosidad del gen P53 son ambos fenómenos relacionados con el proceso de la carcinogénesis a través de la inducción de una inestabilidad genética que favorece el acúmulo de anomalías en el ADN. Con el fin de analizar la posible asociación entre estos dos eventos, estudiamos un grupo de 26 pacientes intervenidos de carcinoma epidermoide de cabeza y cuello. Se demostró la integración de los HPV 16 y 6b mediante PCR en 8 casos (31 por ciento), mientras que la pérdida de heterozigosidad del P53apareció en 16 pacientes (61 por ciento). No se encontró una asociación significativa entre ambos fenómenos, ni se halló que estuvieran correlacionados con factores clínicos ni con el pronóstico. Por lo tanto, la integración del HPV y la pérdida de heterozigosidad del P53son factores que parecen actuar independientemente en la producción de estos tumores (AU)


Human papillomavirus integration in cellular DNA and loss of heterozygosity of P53 gene are both related with tumour formation process by promoting genomic instability that leads to DNA abnormalities accumulation. In order to analyze the relationship between both events, 26 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were studied. HPV 16 and 6b DNA was detected by PCR in 8 cases (31%), whereas P53 loss of heterozygosity was present in 16 cases (61%). No correlation was found between both events and they were not related to clinical factors neither the prognosis. Consequently, HPV integration and loss of heterozygosity of P53 seem to act independently in the genesis of these tumours (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Masculino , Humanos , Integração Viral , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Genes p53/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Papillomaviridae/genética , Inativação Gênica , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço
20.
Int. microbiol ; 4(3): 151-157, sept. 2001. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-23247

RESUMO

This review outlines the main features of ciliate resting-cyst formation or encystment. It represents a strategy against several environmental stresses (such as starvation), which involves a highly gene-regulated cell differentiation process and originates a more resistant, differentiated form or resting cyst. This process is mainly characterized by drastic cytoplasmic dehydration that induces a general metabolic rate decrease, intense autophagic activity, the formation of a permeable cyst wall protecting the cell against the adverse environmental conditions, and a gene-silencing mechanism after opening the specific encystment genes (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Cilióforos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Membrana Celular , Cilióforos/metabolismo , Cilióforos/genética , Cilióforos/citologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ecossistema , Inativação Gênica , Cromatina , Diferenciação Celular , Adaptação Fisiológica
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