Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 11 de 11
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Filtros aplicados
Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Int. microbiol ; 18(3): 177-187, sept. 2015. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-152258

RESUMO

Highly efficient apparatus for natural competence and conjugation have been shown as the major contributors to horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in Thermus thermophilus. In practical terms, both mechanisms can be distinguished by the sensitivity of the former to the presence of DNAse, and the requirement for cell to cell contacts in the second. Here we demonstrate that culture supernatants of different strains of Thermus spp. produce DNAse-resistant extracellular DNA (eDNA) in a growth-rate dependent manner. This eDNA was double stranded, similar in size to isolated genomic DNA (around 20 kbp), and represented the whole genome of the producer strain. Protection against DNAse was the consequence of association of the eDNA to membrane vesicles which composition was shown to include a great diversity of cell envelope proteins with minor content of cytoplasmic proteins. Access of the recipient cell to the protected eDNA depended on the natural competence apparatus and elicited the DNA-DNA interference defence mediated by the Argonaute protein. We hypothesize on the lytic origin of the eDNA carrying vesicles and discuss the relevance of this alternative mechanism for HGT in natural thermal environments (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Thermus thermophilus/genética , Transferência Genética Horizontal/genética , Vesículas Extracelulares/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Thermus thermophilus/crescimento & desenvolvimento
2.
Int. microbiol ; 15(4): 201-210, dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-110945

RESUMO

Vibrio alginolyticus has high genetic diversity, but little is known about the means by which it has been acquired. In this study, the distributions of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including integrating conjugative elements (ICEs), superintegron-like cassettes (SICs), insertion sequences (ISs), and two types of transposase genes (valT1 and valT2), in 192 strains of V. alginolyticus were investigated. ICE, SIC, and IS elements, valT1, and valT2 were detected in 8.9%, 13.0%, 4.7%, 9.4%, and 2.6% of the strains, respectively. Blast searches and phylogenetic analysis of the acquired sequences of the ICE, SIC, IS elements and transposase genes showed that the corresponding homologues were bacterial and derived from extensive sources. The high prevalences of these MGEs in V. alginolyticus implied the extensive and frequent exchange of genes with environmental bacteria and that these elements strongly contribute to the genetic and phenotypic diversity of the bacterium. To our knowledge, this is the first report of V. alginolyticus harboring ICE and SIC elements (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Sequências Repetitivas Dispersas/genética , Vibrio alginolyticus/genética , Transferência Genética Horizontal/genética , Mutagênese Insercional , Transposases/genética , Integrons/genética , Genótipo , Fenótipo
3.
Int. microbiol ; 14(4): 187-199, dic. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-102983

RESUMO

Conjugation and natural competence are two major mechanisms that explain the acquisition of foreign genes throughout bacterial evolution. In recent decades, several studies in model organisms have revealed in great detail the steps involved in such processes. The findings support the idea that the major basis of these mechanisms is essentially similar in all bacteria. However, recent work has pinpointed the existence of new, evolutionarily different processes underlying lateral gene transfer. In Thermus thermophilus HB27, at least 16 proteins are required for the activity of one of the most efficient natural competence systems known so far. Many of those proteins have no similarities to proteins involved in natural competence in other well-known models. This unusual competence system is conserved, in association with the chromosome, in all other Thermus spp. genomes so far available, it being functional even in strains from isolated environments, such as deep mines. Conjugation is also possible among Thermus spp. Homologues to proteins implicated in conjugation in model bacteria are encoded in the genome of a recently sequenced strain of Thermus thermophilus and shared by other members of the genus. Nevertheless, processive DNA transfer in the absence of a functional natural competence system in strains in which no conjugation homologous genes can be found hints at the existence of an additional and unconventional conjugation mechanism in these bacteria (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Thermus thermophilus/genética , Transferência Genética Horizontal/genética , Conjugação Genética/genética , Transformação Bacteriana , Thermofilaceae/genética
6.
Int. microbiol ; 8(4): 243-250, dic. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-043473

RESUMO

A statistically based Plackett-Burman screening design identified milk whey and corn steep liquor concentrations as well as ionic strength (based on phosphate buffer concentration) as the three main independent components of the culture medium that significantly (p < 0.05) influenced biomass and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production in recombinant cells of Escherichia coli. This strain carries a plasmid encoding phb genes from a natural isolate of Azotobacter sp. Response surface methodology, using a central composite rotatable design, demonstrated that the optimal concentrations of the three components, defined as those yielding maximal biomass and PHB production in shaken flasks, were 37.96 g deproteinated milk whey powder/l, 29.39 g corn steep liquor/l, and 23.76 g phosphates/l (r2 = 0.957). The model was validated by culturing the recombinant cells in medium containing these optimal concentrations, which yielded 9.41 g biomass/l and 6.12 g PHB/l in the culture broth. Similar amounts of PHB were obtained following batch fermentations in a bioreactor. These results show that PHB can be produced efficiently by culturing the recombinant strain in medium containing cheap carbon and nitrogen sources (AU)


Un diseño estadístico de selección de Plackett-Burman identificó las concentraciones de suero de leche y de macerado de maíz, así como la fuerza iónica (dada por la concentración del tampón de fosfatos), como tres variables principales e independientes del medio de cultivo que, de forma significativa (p < 0,05), influían en el crecimiento y la acumulación de biomasa y poli(3-hidroxibutirato) (PHB) en células recombinantes de Escherichia coli. Esta cepa lleva un plásmido que codifica los genes phb provenientes de un aislado natural de Azotobacter sp. Aplicando la metodología de superficies de respuesta, mediante un diseño central compuesto direccionable, se demostró que los valores óptimos de las variables del proceso para la máxima producción de biomasa y de PHB eran: 37,96 g/l de suero de leche desproteinizado en polvo, 29,39 g/l de macerado de maíz y 23,76 g/l de fosfatos (r2 = 0,957). En la validación del modelo, realizada utilizando los valores óptimos, se obtuvieron unas concentraciones de biomasa de 9,41 g/l y de PHB de 6,12 g/l en el medio. En los ensayos en lote en biorreactor se obtuvieron contenidos semejantes de PHB. Los resultados demostraron que el biopolímero puede producirse eficazmente con esta cepa recombinante a partir de fuentes de carbono y nitrógeno de bajo costo (AU)


Assuntos
Escherichia coli/imunologia , Biomassa , Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/análise , Transferência Genética Horizontal , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/análise , Otimização de Processos
7.
Int. microbiol ; 8(4): 271-278, dic. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-043476

RESUMO

This report describes the sequencing in the Escherichia coli B genome of 36 randomly chosen regions that are present in most or all of the fully sequenced E. coli genomes. The phylogenetic relationships among E. coli strains were examined, and evidence for the horizontal gene transfer and variation in mutation rates was determined. The overall phylogenetic tree indicated that E. coli B and K-12 are the most closely related strains, with E. coli O157:H7 being more distantly related, Shigella flexneri 2a even more, and E. coli CFT073 the most distant strain. Within the B, K-12, and O157:H7 clusters, several regions supported alternative topologies. While horizontal transfer may explain these phylogenetic incongruities, faster evolution at synonymous sites along the O157:H7 lineage was also identified. Further interpretation of these results is confounded by an association among genes showing more rapid evolution and results supporting horizontal transfer. Using genes supporting the B and K-12 clusters, an estimate of the genomic mutation rate from a long-term experiment with E. coli B, and an estimate of 200 generations per year, it was estimated that B and K-12 diverged several hundred thousand years ago, while O157:H7 split off from their common ancestor about 1.5-2 million years ago (AU)


Se secuenciaron 36 regiones del genoma de Escherichia coli B elegidas al azar y que están presentes en la mayoría o en todos los genomas de E. coli secuenciados. Se examinaron las relaciones filogenéticas entre cepas de E. coli y se buscaron pruebas de transferencia génica horizontal y de variación en la tasa de mutación. El árbol filogenético conjunto de genes indica que E. coli B y K-12 son las cepas con un parentesco más estrecho, mientras que E. coli O157:H7 se encuentra más alejada y aún más lo están Shigella flexneri 2a y E. coli CFT073, siendo esta última la más distante de todas. En el grupo B, K-12 y O157:H7, varias regiones indican que hay topologías alternativas. La transferencia génica horizontal es una explicación plausible de estas incongruencias filogenéticas, pero también hemos hallado pruebas de una evolución más rápida en sitios sinónimos en el linaje O157:H7. Así pues, una interpretación más profunda de estos resultados queda confundida por una asociación entre unos genes que muestran una evolución más rápida y otros que son transferidos horizontalmente. Usando genes que apoyan los grupos B y K-1, y empleando una estima de la tasa de mutación obtenida a partir de un experimento de evolución a largo plazo con E. coli B y suponiendo 200 generaciones por año, se estimó que las cepas B y K-12 divergieron hace varios cientos de miles de años, mientras que O157:H7 se separó de su ancestro común hace entre 1,5 y 2 millones de años (AU)


Assuntos
Escherichia coli/classificação , Genoma Bacteriano , Escherichia coli/genética , Transferência Genética Horizontal/genética , Ribotipagem , Shigella flexneri/genética
10.
Int. microbiol ; 6(2): 113-115, jun. 2003. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-23613

RESUMO

The experimental transfer of the vanA gene cluster from Enterococcus faecalis to Staphylococcus aureus has raised fears about the occurrence of such genetic transfer in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Recently, infections by a S. aureus strain carrying the enterococcal vancomycin resistance vanA gene cluster were reported. The possible emergence and dissemination of these strains is a serious health threat and makes optimization of prevention strategies and fast detection methods absolutely necessary. In the present study, we developed a PCR protocol for simultaneous detection of enterococcal vanA and vanB genes, the staphylococcal methicillin and mupirocin resistance markers mecA and ileS-2, and identification of S. aureus. As no vancomycin-resistant S. aureus isolates were available for our study, we used mixtures of enterococcal and staphylococcal colonies that harbored the different resistance markers to show that these genes could be detected simultaneously. This protocol could be used to facilitate the detection and identification of predictable S. aureus or methicillin-resistant strains carrying vanA or vanB (AU)


La transferencia experimental del cluster de genes vanA de Enterococcus faecalis a Staphylococcus aureus hace sospechar que esta transferencia genética se pueda dar en muestras clínicas de estafilococos resistentes a la meticilina. Recientemente se han descrito las primeras infecciones por una cepa de S. aureus portadora del cluster de genes enterococales vanA. La posible emergencia y diseminación de estas cepas es una seria amenaza a la salud, y obliga a optimizar las estrategias de prevención y los métodos rápidos de detección. En este estudio, desarrollamos un protocolo de PCR para la detección simultánea de los genes enterococales vanA y vanB, los marcadores estafilococales de resistencia a la meticilina y a la mupirocina mecA y ileS-2, y para la identificación de S. aureus. Al no disponer de cepas de S. aureus resistentes a la vancomicina para nuestro estudio, usamos mezclas de colonias de enterococos y estafilococos que contenían los diferentes marcadores de resistencia para mostrar que estos genes pueden ser detectados simultáneamente. Este protocolo podría usarse para facilitar la detección e identificación de posibles cepas de S. aureus o de otras también resistenten a la meticilina portadoras de los genes vanA o vanB. (AU)


Assuntos
Genes Bacterianos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Resistência a Meticilina , Primers do DNA , Carbono-Oxigênio Ligases , Transferência Genética Horizontal , Resistência a Vancomicina , Proteínas de Bactérias , Sequência de Bases
11.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 15(3): 215-223, sept. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-18732

RESUMO

La transferencia horizontal de genes es un fenómeno que ha contribuido fuertemente en la evolución de los microorganismos. A pesar de la tendencia evolutiva al aislamiento genético, parece ser que la transferencia horizontal tiene lugar con una frecuencia relativamente alta, incluso entre especies muy separadas filogenéticamente. La adquisición de genes por las bacterias puede haberse acelerado en los últimos años debido a un incremento en sus necesidades adaptativas, particularmente por el uso de antibióticos. A la luz del análisis de las secuencias de aminoácidos se ha sugerido la transferencia de genes que codifican betalactamasas desde bacterias grampositivas a gramnegativas (transferencia trans-gram). Al realizar árboles filogenéticos con betalactamasas de diferentes orígenes encontramos que las BRO-1 y ACI-1, descritas en las bacterias gramnegativas Moraxella y Acidaminococcus, respectivamente, están anormalmente agrupadas con las betalactamasas de las bacterias grampositivas. En ambos casos la topología de la enzima (anclada a la membrana celular), la estructura del péptido señal y la región Shine-Dalgarno sugieren que esas enzimas tuvieron su origen en bacterias grampositivas. Por otra parte, los resultados siguen sin ser definitivos para la betalactamasa ROB-1 de Haemophilus. (AU)


Assuntos
Transferência Genética Horizontal , beta-Lactamases , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Bactérias Gram-Positivas
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...