A signature of 14 immune-related gene pairs predicts overall survival in gastric cancer

Objective Increasing evidence demonstrates that immune signature plays an important role in the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to develop and validate a robust immune-related gene pair (IRGP) signature for predicting the prognosis of GC patients. Methods RNA-Seq data and corresponding clinical information of GC cohort were downloaded from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas Program) data portal. GSE84437 and GSE15459 microarray datasets were included as independent external cohorts. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to build the best prognostic signature. All patients were classified into the high immune-risk and low immune-risk groups via the optimal cut-off of the signature scores determined by time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The prognostic role of the signature was measured by a log-rank test and a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results 14 immune gene pairs consisting of 25 unique genes were identified to construct the immune prognostic signature. High immune-risk groups showed poor prognosis in the TCGA datasets and GSE84437 datasets as well as in the GSE15459 datasets (all P < 0.001). The 14-IRGP signature was an independent prognostic factor of GC after adjusting for other clinical factors (P < 0.05). Functional analysis revealed that DNA integrity checkpoint, DNA replication, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, and B-cell receptor signaling pathway were enriched in the low immune-risk groups. B cells naive and Monocytes were significantly higher in the high-risk group, and B-cell memory and T-cell CD4 memory activated were significantly higher in the low-risk group. The prognostic signature based on IRGP reflected infiltration by several types of immune cells. Conclusion The novel proposed clinical-immune signature is a promising biomarker for prediction overall survival in patients with GC and providing new insights into the treatment strategies (AU)

B subset cells in patients with chronic granulomatous disease in a Mexican population

Introduction: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a disorder of phagocyte function, characterized by pyogenic infections and granuloma formation caused by defects in NADPH oxidase complex activity. Although the effect of CGD mainly reflects the phagocytic compartment, B cell responses are also impaired in patients with CGD. Materials and methods: Flow cytometric analysis was performed on peripheral blood samples from 35 CGD patients age-matched with healthy controls (HC). The target cells of our study were the naive (IgD+/CD27-), memory (IgD-/CD27+), and B1a (CD5+) cells. Immunoglobulins (Igs) were also measured. This study was performed in a Latin American cohort. Results: We found significantly higher levels of naive B cells and B1a cells, but lower levels of memory B cells were found in CGD patients compared to HC. There was no significant difference of cell percentages per inheritance type. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the deficiency of NADPH oxidase components can affect the differentiation of naive B cells to memory B cells. Consequently, memory cells will be low, which also influenced the expression of CD27 in memory B cells and as a result, the percentage of naive cells increases. An altered phenotype of B lymphocytes in CGD patients may contribute to the opportunistic infections and autoimmune disorders that are seen in this disease

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Plasticity of immune system vs. memory therapy IST

Background: Pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy are the main treatments for allergic diseases to inhalants. Objective: This study investigates whether to repeat short cycles of immunotherapy after 3 or 5 years the from interruption of the first therapeutic cycle, lasting 3-4 years, to maintain immune memory in individuals subjected to IST. Methods and Results: We have compared two groups, one of 452 patients who, after the first treatment for 3-4 years of IST, performed a cycle of four months after three and 10 years from the suspension, and a second group of 126 individuals who have performed only the IST treatment for 3-4 years. The best results were obtained in the first group. Conclusions: These results are due to the immune system's plasticity, a very important concept in clinical practice (AU)

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Vacunación frente a la hepatitis B. Impacto de los programas de vacunación tras 20 años de su utilización en España. ¿Es tiempo de cambios? / Vaccination against hepatitis B. Impact of vaccination programmes after 20 years of use in Spain. Is it time for a change?

La tasa de incidencia más alta de hepatitis B (HB) en España se detecta en los adultos entre 20 y 54 años, mientras que la incidencia de casos en menores de un año es casi nula. La baja prevalencia de HB en los menores de un año se debe principalmente al éxito de las estrategias de cribado gestacional para la detección de gestantes HBsAg(+) y a las campañas de vacunación durante la infancia. Actualmente en España la última dosis de la vacuna frente a la HB en el calendario de vacunación infantil es a los 6 meses de edad, si bien hay estudios que demuestran que retrasar la edad de la administración de la última dosis y aumentar el tiempo entre las dosis pueden mejorar la memoria inmunológica ofreciendo una mayor protección frente al virus en la edad adulta. Se revisa el impacto de la vacunación frente a la HB en España y se comentan otras estrategias posibles de vacunación en nuestro medio, ampliando el intervalo entre dosis y la administración de la última dosis en el segundo año de la vida, adaptando la estrategia vigente en España al actual contexto epidemiológico con el fin de disminuir la prevalencia en la edad adulta

The highest incidence rate of hepatitis B (HB) in Spain is detected in adults between 20 and 54 years old, whereas the incidence in children under 1 year old is almost nil. The low prevalence of HB in children under 1 year is mainly due to the success of gestational screening strategies for the detection of HBsAg(+) in pregnant women, and vaccination campaigns during childhood. Currently, in Spain, the last dose of the HB included in the national childhood immunization program is administered at 6 months of age, although some studies show that delaying the age of the administration of the last dose of HB vaccine and increasing the time between doses, may improve immune memory by offering greater protection against this virus in the adulthood. In this article, the impact of HB vaccination in Spain is reviewed, and other potential vaccination strategies in our environment are discussed, such as extending the interval between doses, and administering the last dose in the second year of life, adapting the valid strategy in Spain to the current epidemiological context in order to reduce the prevalence of HB in adulthood

¿Título de anticuerpos, memoria inmunológica o ambos? / Antibody titer, inmunological memory, or both?

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Reconstitución clínica e inmunológica completa tras el tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad en un niño infectado verticalmente por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 con enfermedad avanzada / Complete immune and clinical recovery after highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced vertically HIV-1 infected children

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Evaluar la capacidad del tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) para reconstituir totalmente el sistema inmunológico en un niño infectado por el virus de la inmunodefiencia humana (VIH) con sida grave y profunda inmunodepresión. PACIENTE Y MÉTODO: La respuesta proliferativa y la producción de citocinas de las células mononucleares de sangre periférica (CMSP) frente a fitohemoglotinina (PHA) fueron evaluadas por incorporación de [3H]-timidina y enzimoinmunoanálisis, respectivamente. Las subpoblaciones linfocitarias T se cuantificaron por citometría de flujo y la producción tímica de células T, mediante la cuantificación de TCR rearrangement excision circles (TREC). RESULTADOS: En sus primeros años de vida, el niño presentó otitis recurrente por Pneumococcus. A los 2-3 años de edad, las células T CD4+ descendieron de 822 a 154 células ×× 106/l, iniciándose tratamiento con zidovudina (AZT), aunque nunca superó las 350 células T CD4+ ×× 106/l. A los 6 años de edad, la cifra de células T CD4+ era inferior a 15 ×× 106/l, y se administró estavudina (d4T) junto a lamivudina (3TC) sin recuperar las células T CD4+. A los 7 años de edad, la cifra de células T CD4+ era del 0,8 por ciento y la carga viral (CV) de 32.000 copias/ml. Este estado coincidió con un leiomioma plantar que fue extirpado y una neumonía por Pneumocystis carinii. Tras 6 meses de TARGA (con d4T, 3TC, viracept y efavirenz) alcanzó valores de células T CD4+ del 25 por ciento, células T CD4 de 597 ×× 106/l, y CV indetectable. Además se produjo un incremento del número absoluto de células vírgenes y valores de TREC. Tras el TARGA aumentaron la respuesta linfoproliferativa a PHA y la producción de interferón gamma (IFN). Actualmente el paciente está asintomático. CONCLUSIÓN: La recuperación inmunológica y clínica del niño infectado por el VIH en fases muy avanzadas de la enfermedad fue posible gracias al TARGA, lo que demuestra la plasticidad de su sistema inmunitario (AU)

Inmunización frente a la hepatitis B y persistencia de memoria inmunológica / Hepatitis B immunisation and persistence of immunologic memory

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