Coach-athlete relationships and life skills development among Brazilian handball players: A prospective study / Relaciones entrenador-atleta y desarrollo de habilidades para la vida entre jugadores brasileños de balonmano: un estudio prospectivo

This study was to examine the prospective associations between coach-athlete relationship (CAR) and life skills development in youth handball players. This study employed a longitudinal research design. A total of 78 male handball players completed the Life Skills Scale for Sport and the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire over three waves of data collection: start of the season; midseason and end of the season. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance Pearson’s Correlation and Linear Multiple Regression (p<.05). The findings indicated the three dimensions of CAR seem to have higher effect on life skills subscales as the season progressed (i.e., higher effect on life skills at T3 compared to T2 and T1). Commitment and Complementarity were positively associated with several life skills subscales at all three timepoints. Results suggest that the quality of the CAR is an important determinant for the de-velopment of life skills in youth handball players across the sports season. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar las posibles asociaciones entre la relación entrena-dor-atleta (CAR) y el desarrollo de habilidades para la vida en jugadores juveniles de balon-mano. Este estudio empleó un diseño de investigación longitudinal. Un total de 78 jugadores masculinos de balonmano completaron la Escala de Habilidades para la Vida Deportiva y la Es-cala de Entrenadores. Cuestionario sobre la relación con los atletas en tres oleadas de recopi-lación de datos: inicio de la temporada; mitad de temporada y final de temporada. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis multivariado de varianza, correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal múltiple (p<0,05). Los hallazgos indicaron que las tres dimensiones de CAR parecen te-ner un mayor efecto en las subescalas de habilidades para la vida a medida que avanzaba la temporada (es decir, un mayor efecto sobre las habilidades para la vida en T3 en comparación con T2 y T1). El compromiso y la complementariedad se asociaron positivamente con varias subescalas de habilidades para la vida en los tres momentos. Los resultados sugieren que la ca-lidad del CAR es un determinante importante para el desarrollo de habilidades para la vida en jugadores juveniles de balonmano a lo largo de la temporada deportiva. (AU)

Influence of Functional Training on Special Technical Movement Ability and Athletic Performance of Male Basketball Players / Influencia del entrenamiento funcional en la capacidad de movimientos técnicos especiales y el rendimiento atlético de jugadores de baloncesto masculinos

Functional training, since Beijing Olympic Games, from field of medical rehabilitation to field of competitive sports, advanced scientific training concepts and training methods have gradually been recognized by domestic competitive sports workers and coaches. Therefore, functional training should be developed to grass-roots team to lay a solid foundation for sustainable development of competitive sports in our country. In this paper, a complete set of functional physical training program is designed by using methods of literature, expert interviews, experiments, mathematical statistics, and logical analysis. Finally, it is found that functional training can improve physical coordination of men's basketball. And symmetry, flexibility of athletes' ankle joints, thoracic spine, shoulder joints and stability of knee joints and cores have been improved, reducing probability of sports injuries, providing a theoretical basis for innovative scientific training of male basketball players in my country.(AU)

A Study of the Training Load of Chinese Men Cross-Country Skiers in the Winter Olympic / Un estudio de la carga de entrenamiento de los esquiadores de fondo chinos en los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno

This study examines the training load and performance of Chinese male cross-country skiers in preparation for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The research aims to establish a solid foundation for organising training loads and managing competitive readiness in Chinese cross-country skiing competitions. The study used quantitative data from four Chinese male athletes during the preparation period for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games in 2021. The Garmin 945 heart rate monitor was used to observe and document the training load, including factors such as training content, duration, distance, intensity level, and timing. The index test method was employed to assess the athletes' blood index at biweekly intervals. The Chinese skiers underwent a general preparation period that lasted 164 days, a special preparation period that lasted 70 days, and a pre-competition period that lasted 26 days. The overall training volume exceeded that of world-class athletes, with a notable emphasis on terrestrial training. The prevalence of endurance training was lower in comparison to world-class athletes, with a greater emphasis on strength training. The training intensity exhibited a modest increase, with a distribution pattern of low, medium, and high levels of intensity. The frequency of training and land training declined from the general preparation period to the pre-competition period, while the frequency of snow training increased. The intensity of the competition arrangement during the special preparation period was heightened.(AU)

An Analytical Model of Table Tennis Campus Sports Competition Trends in the Context of Sports Education Integration / Un modelo analítico de las tendencias de las competiciones deportivas en el campus de tenis de mesa en el contexto de la integración de la educación deportiva

Volunteers in sports, full-time workers in sports, trainers, coaches, and administrative support people all have varying levels of devotion to their employment and organizations. Athletes are encouraged to participate in sports by their coaches, parents, and trainers. This helps athletes maintain physical fitness and promote a healthy lifestyle in order to encourage better international and local collaboration. A sports company is made up of championships, players, a management board, local cooperation, leagues, sports clubs, and men's and women's teams that supervise and conduct the organization's activities. Protecting the rights of sport's athletes is the responsibility of sports organizations, whether temporary or permanent. The purposive sample approach and snowball sampling were used in the research design to acquire data. Purposive sampling has helped researchers to find responders who are familiar with the field of expertise, based on the appropriate degree of knowledge necessary. A questionnaire was used to obtain the information. A total of fifty people took part in this study. Out of the 50 people who responded, 35 were men and 15 were women. SEM PLS 3.3.7v was used to evaluate the collected data. The findings revealed a substantial positive relationship between the factors.(AU)

Percepción de la necesidad de asesoramiento dietético y modificaciones alimentarias en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal / Perception of the need for dietary advice and dietary modifications in inflammatory bowel disease patients

Introducción: En la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII), la dieta puede percibirse como un desencadenante de recidivas o empeoramiento clínico, siendo frecuentes las modificaciones dietéticas no derivadas de asesoramiento profesional. Objetivos: Evaluar la percepción de necesidad de asesoramiento dietético en pacientes con EII, conocer las modificaciones dietéticas y su efecto sobre la EII. Métodos: Se invitó a participar anónima y consecutivamente durante tres meses a todos los pacientes visitados en consulta de EII y los pacientes en hospitalización de día durante la administración de fármacos biológicos, a rellenar un cuestionario estructurado con escala visual analógica (0-10). Resultados: Se obtuvieron 124 encuestas (54% colitis ulcerosa, 46% enfermedad de Crohn). La edad media fue de 47±12 años. El asesoramiento dietético impartido en consulta se valoró con una mediana de 7,0 (IIC, 4,50-9,00). El 40% buscó asesoramiento dietético externo, frecuentemente en el primer año tras el diagnóstico (70%). Estas recomendaciones externas fueron: dieta sin lácteos (29%), baja en grasas (27%), sin gluten (23%) y baja en fibra (21%). La ayuda percibida externa se valoró con mediana de 7,50 (IIC, 5,50-9,50), con mejoría percibida de la sintomatología digestiva (73%). El 61% excluyó algún alimento (57% permanentemente) y 11% realizó ayuno por iniciativa propia. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con EII muestran una clara necesidad de asesoramiento dietético, especialmente en el diagnóstico. Una información dietética precoz, específica incrementaría su satisfacción y evitaría la adopción de dietas de exclusión no justificadas.(AU)

Background and aim: In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diet can be perceived as a trigger for relapses or clinical worsening, dietary modifications are frequent and not derived from professional advice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of the need for dietary advice in patients with IBD, to know the dietary modifications adopted and, it's effect on IBD. Methods: An anonymous structured questionnaire with a visual analog scale (0–10) was distributed to consecutive outpatients from our IBD unit. Results: A total of 124 complete the questionnaire (54% ulcerative colitis, 46% Crohn's disease). Mean age was 47±12 years. Dietary advice provided in the clinic was assessed with a median score of 7 (IIC, 4.50–9.00). 40% sought external dietary advice, often during the first year after diagnosis (70%). The most frequent dietary recommendations from an external professional were: dairy free diet (29%), low fat (27%), gluten free (23%), and low fiber (21%). Dietary advice from external source was assessed with a median score of 7.50 (IIC, 5.50–9.50), improving digestive symptoms in 73% of cases. Regarding dietary modifications, 61% excluded some foods (57% permanently) and 11% fasted on their own decision. Conclusions: IBD patient show a clear need for dietary advice, especially at the time of IBD diagnosis. Early specific and in-depth dietary information would increase patient satisfaction and could prevent the adoption of unjustified exclusion diets.(AU)

Desarrollo competencial del enfermero novel en urgencias con la implementación de un programa de tutorización / Skill development through a mentoring program for nurses new to the emergency department

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No effect of combined tele-exercises and nutritional coaching on anthropometric, body composition or exercise capacity outcomes in overweight and obese women: a randomized clinical trial / Ningún efecto de la combinación de ejercicios a distancia y entrenamiento Nutricional sobre los resultados antropométricos, de composición corporal o de capacidad de ejercicio en mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad: un ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Background: we aimed to investigate the isolated effect of tele-exercises (TE) and their combined effect with nutritional coaching (NC) on health-related parameters of overweight and obese individuals. Methods: forty-one overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) women were randomly assigned to the experimental groups: TE (n = 20) or TE+NC (n = 21). TE was applied 3 days/week in both groups, while TE+NC also received NC 1 day/week. Anthropometric, body composition, and exercise capacity-related outcomes, quality of life, and eating behavior were assessed before and after 8 weeks of the intervention. Results: a significant main time effect (p < 0.01) was detected for flexibility, isometric muscle strength and dynamic muscle endurance, but no main group effect was noted (p > 0.05). On the other hand, neither a significant main time nor group effect (p > 0.05) was detected in the anthropometric and body composition measures, quality of life, or eating behavior. Similarly, no significant between-group difference was observed in the absolute or relative change analysis (all comparisons, p > 0.05). Conclusions: an 8-week TE program enhanced exercise capacity, but did not impact anthropometric or body composition-related outcomes. The combination of NC+TE did not have a clinical advantage in the management of overweight and obesity (AU)

Introducción: nuestro objetivo fue investigar el efecto aislado de los tele-ejercicios (TE) y su efecto combinado con el coaching Nutricional (CN) sobre los parámetros relacionados con la salud de las personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Métodos: cuarenta y una mujeres con sobrepeso (índice de masa corporal ≥ 25 kg/m2) y obesas (índice de masa corporal ≥ 30 kg/m2) fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a los grupos experimentales: TE (n = 20) o TE+CN (n = 21). La TE se aplicó 3 días/semana en ambos grupos, mientras que el grupo TE+CN también recibió NC 1 día/semana. Se evaluaron los resultados antropométricos, la composición corporal y la capacidad de ejercicio, la calidad de vida y la conducta alimentaria antes y después de 8 semanas de intervención. Resultados: se detectó un efecto de tiempo principal significativo (p < 0,01) para la flexibilidad, la fuerza muscular isométrica y la resistencia muscular dinámica, pero no se observó ningún efecto de grupo principal (p > 0,05). Por otro lado, no se detectó ningún efecto de tiempo principal ni de grupo significativo (p > 0,05) en las medidas antropométricas y de composición corporal, calidad de vida o conducta alimentaria. De manera similar, no se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en el análisis del cambio absoluto o relativo (todas las comparaciones, p > 0,05). Conclusiones: un programa de TE de 8 semanas mejoró la capacidad de ejercicio pero no afectó los resultados antropométricos o relacionados con la composición corporal. La combinación de CN + TE no obtuvo ninguna ventaja clínica en el manejo del sobrepeso y la obesidad (AU)

What do persons with diabetes want from community pharmacies? A qualitative study

Background: Diabetes is a demanding disease with a complex treatment regimen. Many persons with diabetes have difficulty managing their disease and taking medication as prescribed, possibly because they lack knowledge and sometimes misinterpret medical benefits. Community pharmacies continuously provide professional counselling to persons with diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to explore 1) which services adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes want from community pharmacies and 2) how pharmacies can meet these wishes. Methods: A qualitative, explorative study design using focus group interviews was chosen. Informants were recruited from Region Zealand in Denmark. Data were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed by means of thematic analysis. Results: Thirteen adults (11 female) with the mean age of 66.2 years (range 49–81 years) participated in one physical (n=6) or one online (n=7) focus group interview. Ten had type 2 diabetes, three had type 1 diabetes. The average duration of participants’ diabetes was 13.4 years (range 2.3–33.0 years). The analysis revealed three overall themes of the functions which the informants would like community pharmacies to fulfil: 1) raise awareness of pharmacies’ counselling service and competences; 2) act as a dialogue partner; 3) be a source of information and guidance about local activities and support. (AU)

Impacto de un programa de tutoría entre iguales para mejorar la autorregulación del aprendizaje / The impact of a peer-tutoring program to improve self-regulated learning

El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar el impacto de un programa de intervención basado en la tutoría entre iguales para mejorar la autorregulación del aprendizaje del alumnado universitario de nuevo ingreso, identificando asimismo sus efectos en el alumnado tutor. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 102 estudiantes de nuevo ingreso (51 grupo experimental y 51 grupo control) y 50 estudiantes de último curso de cuatro titulaciones. La autorregulación del aprendizaje se evaluó a través del Cuestionario de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Motivación. Después de asignar aleatoriamente al alumnado de nuevo ingreso a la condición experimental o control de un diseño cuasiexperimental con grupo control no equivalente mejorado con técnicas de control estadístico, la intervención consistió en 20 sesiones individuales de tutoría altamente estructuradas con el alumnado de nuevo ingreso, dirigidas por el alumnado de último curso o tutor, que fue previamente entrenado para ello en tres sesiones de formación. Los resultados arrojan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en autorregulación del aprendizaje para el alumnado participante.(AU)

The aim of this study was to check the impact of an intervention program based on peer-tutoring on self-regulated learning of freshmen, as well as on peer tutors. The sample consisted of 102 freshmen (51 experi-mental group y 51 control group) and 50 seniors from four different uni-versity degrees. Self-regulated learning was measured by the Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire. After assigning freshmen randomly to either the experimental or control condition, the study adopted a quasi-experimental research design with a non-equivalent control group con-trolled by statistical techniques, the intervention consisted of 20 individual tutoring sessions highly structured to freshmen delivered by seniors or tu-tors, after receiving three sessions of training on tutoring. The results yield statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning on participants.(AU)

The effectiveness of pharmacist-based coaching inimproving breast cancer-related health behaviors: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Although pharmacists are trusted and easily accessible by the public, their role in changing health behaviours related to breast cancer has been rarely investigated. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of pharmacist-based coaching in improving BC-related health behaviors and knowledge in females, and to measure the comfort level toward this program. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study carried out in community pharmacies in Egypt. Pharmacies included were asked to enroll 240 females into a trial, then equally allocate them into either active or control arms, and provide 12 weekly face-to-face coaching sessions to those assigned to the active arm. Pharmacists were also asked to survey females and fill a standardized data collection form at baseline, in the middle of coaching, at the end of coaching, and three months after coaching. Results: The proportions of doing high physical activity, practicing healthy diet, and practicing breast self-exam three months after the end of coaching programme across the active and control arms were 52.17% versus 17.09% (p=0.002), 62.60% versus 28.20% (p=0.003), and 81.73% versus 23.07% (p=0.005), respectively. The mean scores of knowledge on BC symptoms, risk factors, and detection methods three months after coaching across the active and control arms were 4.10±2.47 versus 2.72±1.19 (p=0.038), 4.25±2.20 versus 3.28±1.48 (p=0.020), and .34±1.80 versus 1.72±0.68 (p=0.001) respectively. While most of the females participated in the active arm were comfortable toward the financial 94.78% and social 88.69% sides of the program, more than one-third (34.78%) of the participants were uncomfortable toward the competency of coaches. Conclusion: Despite the need for some modifications, BC-related health behaviors and knowledge can be improved through pharmacist-based health coaching (AU)

Experiencias educativas con la tutoría par en el bachillerato: reflexiones sobre la contingencia sanitaria COVID-19 / Educational Experiences with Peer Tutoring in High School: Reflections on the COVID-19 Health Contingency

A continuación, se presenta una indagación sobre la puesta en marcha de la tutoría entre pares en el Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Sinaloa a lo largo del ciclo escolar 2019-2020, con el objeto de describir su impacto en la Educación Media Superior. No obstante, además de explorar este fenómeno dentro de la modalidad presencial, se hacen algunas reflexiones respecto a su influencia en contextos adversos y emergentes como lo fue la pandemia del COVID-19. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general valorar el impacto del programa institucional Tutoría Par en la experiencia educativa de los educandos en contextos de educación formal e informal como la cuarentena provocada por la contingencia sanitaria del coronavirus. Los participantes del estudio fueron estudiantes de primer y segundo grado de bachillerato y docentes adscritos al plantel que lleva de nombre COBAES 60 “Profra. Jesusita Neda”. Se siguió un enfoque de investigación cualitativa bajo el método de la fenomenología; en este respecto, se aplicaron tres cuestionarios en línea y se realizaron registros de observación participante a lo largo del ciclo escolar. Los resultados arrojaron que la estrategia de aprendizaje conocida como tutoría par impacta positivamente en la experiencia, aprovechamiento académico, aprendizaje, e inclusión en la mayoría de los alumnos de nivel medio superior; sin embargo, se necesitan mejorar tanto los procesos para el funcionamiento del programa como el compromiso y comunicación entre los actores principales de la acción tutorial. Entre las conclusiones, se destaca que la mejora de habilidades pedagógicas, de acompañamiento, y el fomento de la confianza son factores sustanciales que optimizan la experiencia educativa de los educandos en la actividad tutorial.(AU)

Next, an inquiry is presented about the implementation of peer tutoring in the Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Sinaloa throughout the 2019-2020 school year, in order to describe its impact on High School Education. However, in addition to exploring this phenomenon within the face-to-face modality, some reflections are made regarding its influence in adverse and emerging contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this research was to value the impact of the Peer Tutoring institutional program on the educational experience of learners in contexts of formal and informal education such as the quarantine caused by the coronavirus health contingency. The study participants were first, and second grade students and teachers from the high school with the name of COBAES 60 “Profra. Jesusita Neda”. A qualitative research approach was followed under the method of phenomenology; in this regard, three online questionnaires were applied, and participant observation records were made throughout the school year. The results showed that the learning strategy known as peer tutoring has a positive impact on the experience, academic achievement, learning, and inclusion in the majority of high school students; nevertheless, both the processes for the operation of the program and the commitment and communication between the main actors of the tutorial action need to be improved. Among the conclusions, it is highlighted that the improvement of pedagogical skills, support, and the promotion of confidence are substantial factors that optimize the educational experience of the learners in the tutorial activity.(AU)

Necesidades de formación docente: ¿qué perciben los tutores de Fisioterapia? / Teaching training needs: what do physiotherapy tutors perceive?

Introducción: La docencia clínica se diferencia de la docencia de aula en que está más estrechamente vinculada al desarrollo del perfil de egreso de los profesionales de la salud y ocurre en espacios de atención directa al paciente. Por ello, requiere formación y competencias específicas de los tutores clínicos que guían ese momento formativo. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, donde se encuestó a 70 tutores clínicos de Fisioterapia. A éstos se les aplicó el cuestionario de necesidades de formación docente, previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: Los tutores clínicos perciben como prioridad la formación en el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes en un 89%. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran que los tutores clínicos enfatizan sus necesidades del perfeccionamiento docente en el desarrollo de competencias clínicas y en el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, las percepciones de otras áreas de formación docente presentan menor relevancia para el período clínico.(AU)

Introduction: The clinical teaching differs from classroom teaching in that it is more closely linked to the development of the graduation profile of health professionals and occurs in areas of direct patient care. For the same, requires training and specific skills of the clinical tutors who guide this formative moment. Material and method: A quantitative study was carried, where 70 clinical tutors were surveyed. To these, the teacher training needs questionnaire was applied, with prior informed consent. Results: The clinical tutors perceive training in the integral development of students as a priority 89%. Conclusion: The results show that clinical tutors emphasize their needs for teacher improvement in the development of clinical skills and in the comprehensive development of students. However, the perceptions of other areas of teacher training are less relevant for the clinical period.(AU)

Claves del acompañamiento educativo integral a estudiantes de Medicina: una revisión de la bibliografía biomédica / Keys of comprehensive educational mentoring for medical students: a review of biomedical literature

Introducción: Existen razones de orden teórico y empírico que justifican el interés del acompañamiento educativo integral (AEI). El presente trabajo se propone identificar las claves recogidas en la bibliografía médica del AEI en estudiantes de Medicina. Materiales y métodos: Se ha realizado una búsqueda con las palabras ‘Mentor’ y ‘Medical students’ en Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ScienceDirect, Scopus© y SCIELO Journals, sin fecha inicial hasta mayo de 2019. Resultados: Se revisaron 1.816 títulos, de los que se seleccionaron 169 resúmenes y, de ellos, 51 artículos a texto completo. En la bibliografía médica se destaca que el objetivo fundamental del AEI es lograr un desarrollo integral personal y profesional del estudiante, contar con criterios de selección y formación de mentores excelentes, lo que es clave para lograr una adecuada relación en el AEI, diseñar un plan curricular flexible, que la institución apoye y reconozca el trabajo de AEI, que se tengan en cuenta obstáculos posibles para evitarlos y que se evalúen el proceso, los contenidos y los resultados del plan. Conclusión.: El presente estudio ha identificado claves del AEI en el ámbito médico. Se constata la necesidad de avanzar en la definición de un marco conceptual teórico bien definido y en la obtención de pruebas sobre los resultados formativos.(AU)

Introduction: There are theoretical and empirical reasons that justify the interest of comprehensive educational mentoring (CEM). The present work aims to identify the keys collected in the medical literature of the CEM in medical students. Materials and methods: A search has been carried out, with the words ‘Mentor’ and ‘Medical Students’ in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ScienceDirect, Scopus© and SCIELO Journals, with no initial date until May 2019. Results: 1816 titles were reviewed, from which 169 abstracts were selected and, of them, 51 full-text articles were used to obtain keys about CEM. In the medical bibliography it is highlighted that the fundamental objective of CEM is to achieve a comprehensive personal and professional development of the student, that is important designing mentors’ selection criteria and training, achieving an adequate relationship, designing a flexible curricular plan, the institution support and work awarding, taking into account of possible obstacles to avoid them and that the process, contents and results of the plan have to be evaluated. Conclusion: The present study has identified CEM keys in the medical field. It is needed an advance in the definition of a well-focus theoretical conceptual framework and gaining evidence on the training outcomes.(AU)

Balance del asesoramiento médico-legal hospitalario mediante análisis factorial exploratorio / Balance of hospital legal medical counselling through exploratory factor analysis

Introducción: El estudio de los enfoques de la medicina legal ha sido ampliamente afrontado en publicaciones en el ámbito de la justicia. Sin embargo, la temática de los servicios de medicina legal hospitalaria ha sido escasamente abordada en investigaciones; no atendiendo a la importancia que tienen estos servicios para el perfeccionamiento de la gestión del riesgo legal de los sistemas sanitarios. Objetivo: Reconocer la estructura factorial de las prestaciones del servicio de medicina legal en un hospital de alto nivel, entre los demandantes de consulta por problemas derivados de la actividad asistencial del hospital. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra de 1.213 expedientes abiertos durante los años 2007 y 2017. Se efectuó un análisis factorial exploratorio por extracción de componentes principales con Rotación Varimax. Resultados: La media de expedientes fue de 110,27 por año con una desviación típica de 39,51. El análisis factorial mostró la bidimensionalidad de la utilidad del registro (carta de servicios de medicina legal y fundamento médico-legal de las consultas), con la existencia de dos factores subyacentes que, sumados, explicaron el 68,04% de la varianza total. Conclusiones: Se ha obtenido una estructura factorial simplificada a dos factores con una confiabilidad elevada del cuestionario de registro. Por su naturaleza registral y facilidad de empleo, es aconsejable considerar su utilización en la evaluación de la demanda de asesoramiento al servicio de medicina legal hospitalaria por parte de los diferentes usuarios que acuden por problemas relacionados con las actividades habituales del hospital. (AU)

Introduction: The study of legal medicine approaches has been widely addressed in publications in the field of justice. However, the subject of hospital legal medicine services has been scarcely addressed in research; not attending to the importance of these services for the improvement of the legal risk management of health systems. Objective: To recognize the factorial structure of the benefits of the legal medicine service in a high-level hospital, among those seeking consultation for problems arising from the hospital's healthcare activity. Material and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 1213 files opened during the years 2007 and 2017. An exploratory factor analysis was performed by extraction of main components with varimax rotation. Results: The average of records was 110.27 per year with a standard deviation of 39.51. The factorial analysis showed the two-dimensionality of the usefulness of the registry (letter of legal medicine services and medical-legal basis of the consultations), with the existence of two underlying factors that, added together, explained 68.04% of the total variance. Conclusions: A simplified factor structure to two factors has been obtained with a high reliability of the registration questionnaire. Due to its registry nature and ease of use, it is advisable to consider its use in evaluating the demand for advice to the hospital legal medicine service by the different users who come for problems related to the usual activities of the hospital. (AU)

Aprendizaje asistido por pares en la formación clínica de pregrado: percepción de tutores y tutorados / Peer-assisted learning in undergraduate clinical training: perception of tutors and tutees

Introducción: La tutoría por pares ofrece una experiencia valiosa para generar estrategias que permitan mejorar el aprendizaje. El objetivo fue evidenciar la importancia del apoyo tutorial por pares en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Austral de Chile en estudiantes con rendimiento académico insatisfactorio en la disciplina clínica de Medicina interna. Sujetos y métodos: Se capacitó a 12 estudiantes de cursos superiores para realizar tutorías académicas a 35 estudiantes. Se aplicaron encuestas de opinión con preguntas de tipo Likert y abiertas para conocer la percepción de tutores y tutorados respecto al proceso tutorial realizado durante 2017 y 2018. Resultados: Veinticinco estudiantes (71%) y 12 tutores (100%) respondieron las encuestas, que revelaron un alto grado de satisfacción en ambos grupos. Los tutorados destacaron el desempeño del tutor y consideraron que las tutorías reforzaron su autoconfianza. Para los tutores fue una experiencia enriquecedora que los ayudó en su propio proceso de aprendizaje. Conclusiones: La tutoría de pares ayuda a la adquisición y el fortalecimiento de competencias específicas y genéricas, generando nuevos aprendizajes. Los tutores logran habilidades para la enseñanza y fortalecen competencias para su vida personal y profesional.(AU)

Introduction:Peer tutoring offers a valuable experience to generate strategies to improve learning. The aim was to demonstrate the importance of the peer tutorial support at the Medical School of Austral University of Chile to assist students with unsatisfactory academic performance in the clinical discipline of internal medicine. Subjects and methods:12 students from advanced courses were trained to provide academic tutoring to 35 students. Opinion surveys with open and Likert type questions were applied to know the perception of tutors and tutees regarding the tutoring process carried out during 2017 and 2018. Results: 25 students (71%) and 12 tutors (100%) answered the surveys, revealing a high degree of satisfaction in both groups. Students highlighted the tutor’s performance and felt that the tutoring strengthened their trust. For the tutors it was an enriching experience that helped them in their own learning process. Conclusions: The peer tutoring contributes to the acquisition and strengthening of specific and generic competencies, generating new learning. The tutors acquire teaching skills and strengthen competencies for their personal and professional life.(AU)

Resultados de una capacitación sobre retroalimentación efectiva para tutores clínicos de internado de universidades chilenas / Results of a training activity about effective feedback for internship clinical preceptors in Chilean universities

Introducción: La retroalimentación es una competencia docente central en los procesos evaluativos, porque favorece aprendizajes de mejor calidad. Sin embargo, es necesario formar a los docentes para que logren desarrollarla. El presente estudio buscó analizar los resultados de una capacitación en línea en retroalimentación efectiva a tutores clínicos de internado de universidades chilenas pertenecientes a la Red Nacional de Unidades de Educación Médica y Ciencias de la Salud. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, preexperimental, de corte transversal y con alcance analítico relacional. Los 29 participantes fueron elegidos con una estrategia de muestreo no probabilística y por voluntarios. Participaron en una capacitación en línea sobre retroalimentación efectiva. Antes y después de la capacitación, sus desempeños en retroalimentación se observaron con un estudiante simulado en una entrevista por videoconferencia. Para calificar su desempeño, se empleó la rúbrica de observación directa de retroalimentación de habilidades clínicas. Al final, también respondieron una encuesta de satisfacción de capacitación. Resultados: Todos los participantes mejoraron su desempeño realizando retroalimentación tanto en general como en ocho de los nueve criterios evaluados. Sólo el ítem de retroalimentación no presentó diferencias significativas y fue bien valorado en ambas evaluaciones. Además, los participantes evidenciaron un alto nivel de satisfacción con la intervención. Conclusiones: Una capacitación acotada en retroalimentación efectiva a tutores clínicos de internado, bien planificada, con objetivos de aprendizaje claros y utilizando diversas estrategias de enseñanza mejora su desempeño entregando retroalimentación y con un alto nivel de satisfacción de los participantes.(AU)

Introduction: Feedback is a central teaching competence in evaluation processes because it favors better quality learning. However, teachers need to be trained to develop it. This study aims to analyze the results of an online training in effective feedback to tutors of clinical practices of Chilean universities belonging to the National Network of Units of Medical Education and Health Sciences. Subjects and methods: A quantitative, pre-experimental, cross-sectional study with a relational analytical scope. The 29 participants were chosen with a non-probability sampling strategy and by volunteers. They participated in an online training on effective feedback. Before and after the training, their performance in feedback was observed with a simulated student in a video conference interview. The Direct Observation of Clinical Skills Feedback rubric was used to rate their performance. At the end, they also answered a Training Satisfaction Survey. Results: All participants improved their performance by providing feedback, with statistically significant results in 8 items (p < 0.001), only the item ‘Feedback was carried out in a respectful manner’ did not present significant differences (p = 0.569), being well valued in both evaluations. Furthermore, the participants showed a high level of satisfaction with the intervention. Conclusions: A limited training in effective feedback to clinical internship tutors, well planned, with clear learning objectives and using various teaching strategies, improves their performance by providing feedback and with a high level of satisfaction of the participants.(AU)

Programa de asesoramiento colaborativo a docentes en el área de la comunicación y el lenguaje / Collaborative counselling programme for teachers in the communication and language area

En este artículo describimos un programa de asesoramiento colaborativo dirigido a docentes, enmarcado en las perspectivas teóricas socio-interactiva (Bruner, 1986) y eco-funcional (Bronfenbrenner, 1987). El objetivo principal es promover procesos de reflexión y crítica respecto a las estrategias, herramientas y orientaciones que los docentes pueden ir progresivamente incorporando en el aula para optimizar la manera de enfocar el trabajo de la comunicación y el lenguaje, con el fin último de mejorar la competencia comunicativa y lingüística de los alumnos con discapacidad. El asesoramiento consiste en el desarrollo de 9 reuniones, 8 de asesoramiento y una de cierre, mediante las cuales se enseña a los docentes, principalmente a: a) optimizar la organización del aula, b) seguir en mayor medida la iniciativa de los alumnos, c) usar estrategias para promover la interacción y alargar los turnos conversacionales, y d) usar estrategias de modelado del lenguaje. La eficacia del programa de asesoramiento se ha probado en una investigación-acción colaborativa con tres docentes de escuela especial, aportando resultados diversos tanto en relación con el desarrollo profesional de los docentes como en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa y lingüística de los alumnos. Los resultados indican que el modelo de asesoramiento colaborativo es una herramienta útil para ayudar a los docentes a construir un entorno más adecuado para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa y social de los alumnos.(AU)

In this article we describe a collaborative counselling programme for teachers, framed in the socio-interactive (Bruner, 1986) and eco-functional (Bronfenbrenner, 1987) theoretical perspectives. The main objective is to promote processes of reflection and criticism regarding strategies, tools and guidelines that teachers can progressively incorporate in the classroom to optimise the way they approach communication and language work, with the ultimate goal of improving the communicative and linguistic competence of students with disabilities. The counselling takes place over nine meetings, eight counselling meetings and one closing meeting, through which teachers are taught, mainly to: a) optimize the organization of the classroom, b) follow to a greater extent the students’ lead, c) use strategies to promote interaction and lengthen conversational turns, and d) use language modelling strategies. The effectiveness of the counselling programme has been proved in a collaborative Action-Research with three special schoolteachers, providing different results both in relation to the professional development of the teachers and in the development of the communicative and linguistic competence of the students. The results indicate that the collaborative counselling model is a useful tool to help teachers to build a more appropriate environment for the development of students’ communicative and social competence.(AU)

Nuevas técnicas de atención al paciente: el coaching nutricional / New patient care techniques: nutritional coaching

Para conseguir cambios de comportamiento, así como para prevenir la aparición de enfermedades no transmisibles, tradicionalmente se ha empleado la educación nutricional. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de algunas enfermedades crónicas sigue aumentado. Esto ha hecho que se hayan desarrollado nuevas técnicas de atención al paciente como el coaching, en el que el paciente juega un papel activo durante el proceso del cambio. La evidencia científica disponible señala que el coaching nutricional, así como el coaching de salud, es una herramienta efectiva para conseguir cambios duraderos en la dieta y el estilo de vida. (AU)

To achieve behavioral changes, as well as to prevent the appearance of non-communicable diseases, nutritional education has traditionally been used. However, the prevalence of some chronic diseases is still increasing. This has led to the development of new patient care techniques such as nutritional coaching, in which the patient plays an active role during the change process. The available scientific evidence indicates that nutritional coaching, as well as health coaching, is an effective tool to achieve lasting changes in diet and lifestyle. (AU)