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1.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 35(3): 238-247, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-223455

RESUMO

Background: Academic satisfaction (AS) is a key marker of educational success at university. It is therefore extremely important to investigate any factors that may enhance AS. Drawing on social cognitive theory, Lent’s model of life satisfaction, and self-determination theory, the present study examined the roles of academic self-efficacy (ASE) and type of motivation for attending university in AS, while controlling for sex and course year. More specifically, the study investigated whether friendships at university moderated the relationship between AS and ASE, and between AS and the various kinds of motivation for going to university. Method: A survey was completed by 431 Italian university students. Five moderation regression analyses were run. Results: Having friends at university affected the relationship between amotivation and AS and between extrinsic motivation and AS: the more students were motivated or had low extrinsic motivation, the more satisfied they were, if they had a high number of friends at university. Conversely, if students lacked motivation or had high extrinsic motivation, they tended to be less satisfied, regardless of how many friends they had at university. Conclusions: A large number of friends at university maximizes and amplifies the effect of being self-determined on AS. We discuss the educational implications of these findings.(AU)


Antecedentes: La satisfacción académica (SA) es un índice importante del éxito educativo en la universidad. Es importante estudiar qué factores mejoran la AS. Basándose en la teoría cognitiva social, el modelo de Lent y la teoría de la autodeterminación, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el papel de la autoeficacia académica (ASE) y las motivaciones para asistir a la universidad en el AS, controlando por sexo y año de curso. Este estudio investigó el efecto moderador de las amistades en la universidad en la relación entre ASE y AS, y entre diferentes motivaciones y AS. Método: 431 estudiantes universitarios italianos completaron una encuesta. Se realizaron cinco análisis de regresión de moderación. Resultados: Tener amigos en la universidad condicionó la relación entre desmotivación y SA y entre motivación extrínseca y SA: cuanto más motivados están los estudiantes o tienen baja motivación extrínseca, más satisfechos están si tienen muchos amigos en la universidad; por el contrario, si los estudiantes están desmotivados o tienen una motivación extrínseca alta, están menos satisfechos independientemente del número de amigos en la universidad. Conclusiones: Un alto número de amigos en la universidad amplifica la importancia de ser autodeterminado en SA. Se discuten las implicaciones educativas.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Satisfação Pessoal , Autoeficácia , Motivação , Autonomia Pessoal , Psicologia , Psicologia Social , Amigos , Relações Interpessoais , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 21(1): 1-8, Ene.- abr. 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-208748

RESUMO

Background/Objective: Most studies have evaluated victimization at a single time point, making it difficult to determine the impact of the time during which an individual is victimized. This longitudinal study aims to examine the differences in the levels of social status (social preference and perceived popularity) and friendship in peer victimization trajectories, and to analyse if there were changes over time in the levels of social status and friendship in each trajectory. Method: The final sample was composed of 1,239 students (49% girls) with ages between 9 and 18 (M = 12.23, SD = 1.73), from 22 schools in southern Spain. Peer nominations were collected. Results: The General Linear Model results associated the highest levels of social preference, perceived popularity and friendship with the sporadic victimization profile and the lowest levels of these dimensions with the stable profile. Conclusions:The results are discussed based on important personal aspects of stable victimization that confirms social rejection, unpopularity, and the low social support that victimization causes. This contribution is discussed in terms of health and social welfare in adolescence. (AU)


Antecedentes/Objetivo:La mayoría de los estudios han evaluado la victimización en un único momento temporal, lo que impide determinar el impacto del tiempo durante el que un individuo es victimizado. Este estudio longitudinal pretende examinar las diferencias en los niveles de estatus social (preferencia social y popularidad percibida) y amistad entre las diferentes trayectorias de las víctimas de iguales en función de su trayectoria de victimización, y explorar si existen cambios con el paso del tiempo en los niveles de estatus social y amistad de cada trayectoria. Método:La muestra se compuso por 1.239 estudiantes (49% chicas) entre 9 y 18 años (M = 12,23, DT = 1,73), pertenecientes a 22 centros educativos del sur de España. Se utilizaron las hetero-nominaciones de sus iguales dentro del grupo de clase. Resultados:Los resultados del Modelo Lineal General asociaron los niveles más altos de preferencia social, popularidad percibida y amistad a la victimización esporádica, y los niveles más bajos de estas dimensiones a la trayectoria estable. Conclusiones:Los resultados se discuten en base al rechazo social, la impopularidad y los escasos apoyos sociales que provoca la victimización. Se valora esta aportación a nivel de salud y bienestar social adolescente. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Bullying , Amigos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Longitudinais , Espanha
3.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 33(4): 564-570, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-225853

RESUMO

Background: Problematic use of smartphones is a challenge facing societies around the world. This phenomenon has been associated with negative socialization experiences through the impact they have on how the youth relates to their environment. This study was designed to examine parental and peer attachment, self-efficacy and prosocial reasoning as predictors of different attitudes towards online communication and problematic smartphone use. Method: 561 youth aged 14-20 years (Mage = 17.82; SD = 1.64; 67.7% Female) participated in an online survey. Results: Results indicated that an increase in self-efficacy or prosocial reasoning is correlated with a decrease in problematic smartphone use and attitudes towards online communication aimed at avoiding reality or constructing a more comfortable parallel social reality. Attachment to parents and peers had direct and indirect effects on problematic smartphone use and attitudes toward online communication through youth personal and social adjustment. Conclusions: Attachment plays a relevant role in the symptoms reduction of smartphone addiction and attitudes to online communication in youth, through its impact on self-efficacy perceptions and prosocial reasoning. (AU)


Antecedentes: el uso problemático de los smartphones es un reto al que se enfrentan las sociedades de todo el mundo. Este fenómeno se ha asociado con experiencias negativas de socialización a través del impacto que estas tienen en cómo los jóvenes se relacionan con su entorno. Este trabajo examina el apego (parental y pares), la autoeficacia y el razonamiento prosocial como predictores de diferentes actitudes hacia la comunicación online y uso problemático del móvil. Método: 561 jóvenes entre 14 y 20 años (Medad = 17,82; SD = 1,64; 67,7% Mujeres) participaron en una encuesta online. Resultados: tanto la autoeficacia como el razonamiento prosocial se correlaciona con una disminución del uso problemático del móvil y de las actitudes hacia la comunicación online orientada a evadir la realidad o a construir una realidad social paralela más cómoda. El apego (parental y pares) tuvo efectos directos e indirectos sobre el uso problemático del móvil y las actitudes hacia la comunicación. Conclusiones: el apego juega un papel relevante en la reducción de síntomas de adicción al móvil y en las actitudes hacia la comunicación online en los jóvenes, a través de su impacto en las percepciones de autoeficacia y razonamiento prosocial. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Relações Pais-Filho , Relações Interpessoais , Amigos/psicologia , Autoeficácia , Smartphone , Medicina do Vício , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Clín. salud ; 31(1): 27-45, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-191914

RESUMO

This study review the available literature about friendships of children and adolescents with chronic pain, focusing on the mechanisms they use to face challenges in their relationships and the theories studies use to address this topic. We conducted a search in PubMed, PsycINFO, and WOS from inception to August 2017. We included peer-reviewed primary studies with a specific subgroup analysis of friendships in children and adolescents (6-18 years old) with the following conditions: lower limb pain, neck and shoulder pain, back pain, abdominal pain, headache and migraines, fibromyalgia, and complex regional pain syndrome. Twenty empirical articles were selected. From these studies, 18 mechanisms and 6theories were identified. Studies show a high variability in the methodologies employed, as well as in the way they define friendships experience. Finally, very few of the studies selected are theory-based


Este estudio revisa las publicaciones científicas disponibles sobre las amistades de niños y adolescentes que padecen dolor crónico centrándose en los mecanismos que utilizan para afrontar los desafíos que sus relaciones les plantean y las teorías utilizadas por los estudios para abordar este tema. Llevamos a cabo una búsqueda en PubMed, PsycINFO y WOS desde los inicios hasta agosto de 2017. Incluimos estudios primarios de revisión por pares con un subgrupo de análisis específico de las amistades en niños y adolescentes (entre 6 y 18 años), con las siguientes condiciones: dolor en las extremidades inferiores, dolor de cuello y hombros, dolor de espalda, dolor abdominal, dolor de cabeza y migrañas, fibromialgia y síndrome de dolor regional complejo. Se seleccionaron 20 artículos empíricos, a partir de los cuales se detectaron 18 mecanismos y 6 teorías. Los estudios muestran gran variabilidad en la metodología utilizada, así como en el modo de definir la experiencia de las amistades. Por último, muy pocos de los estudios elegidos están basados en la teoría


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Dor Crônica/psicologia , Amigos/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Comportamento do Adolescente , Resiliência Psicológica
5.
Span. j. psychol ; 23: e54.1-e54.10, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-200150

RESUMO

Implicit theories (also referred to self-theories) represent a cognitive conceptualization about a matter, generally raised as a belief. It is marked as the primary aspect of cognitive processing among living beings affecting their overall behavior towards others'. In the present study, it is attempted to consider a Pakistani perspective on this phenomenon of self-theories and also to validate the implicit theories Scale. It is a measure of people's beliefs about things to be fixed or changeable. A quantitative approach of correlational methodology was employed. Participants of the study were 355 Pakistani young adults with an age range of 20-30 years (M = 23.08, SD = 1.99). There were 175 males and 180 females (as they reported their gender) from Islamabad. Confirmatory factor analysis was computed to assess the dimensionality of the scale. An adequate model fit indices were found as Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .04, Comparative Fit Index = .99, Tucker-Lewis Index = .98, Goodness of Fit Index = .97, and Incremental Fit Index = .99, confirming a bidimensional implicit theories measure. The reliability coefficients of Entity Theory and Incremental Theory subscales were assessed through internal consistency and test-retest methods which are found to be in an acceptable range. Demographic specifications are also addressed to reflect upon the indigenous importance of this concept. This will be an additive feature in the literature to consider the cultural specification enabling individuals to align their mindsets in the desired direction of growth and achievement


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Priming de Repetição , Processos Mentais , Características Culturais , Islamismo/psicologia , Características da Família , Amigos/psicologia , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Análise Fatorial , Individualidade , Logro , Crescimento Demográfico , Estudantes/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais
6.
Span. j. psychol ; 23: e11.1-e11.12, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-196586

RESUMO

Social isolation is a state of nearly-absolute lack of interaction between an individual and society. The Friendship Scale (Hawthorne, 2006) is a measure of social isolation that needed to be translated in the Urdu language for its validation for the Pakistani population owing to its brevity and sound psychometric properties. For the Urdu translation, the standard back-translation procedure was adopted, and the cross-language validation of the translated version was undertaken on a purposive sample of (N = 60) older adults with a minimum age of 60 years. The test-retest reliability of one week for the Urdu-English and English-Urdu version was .95 and .97, respectively. In an independent purposive sample of older adults (N = 500; men = 263 and women = 237) from Lahore and Sargodha districts, the CFA of the Friendship Scale revealed a single factor solution with six indicators, which demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across both genders and comparable latent mean scores of men and women. The Friendship Scale demonstrated a significant positive relationship with depression and non-significant association with the assimilation, which provided evidence for the convergent and discriminant validities, respectively. Furthermore, evidence of the concurrent validity was established as the older adults whose spouses had died scored significantly higher on the Friendship scale as compared to their counterparts who were living with their spouses. These pieces of evidence suggest that the Urdu version of the Friendship scale is a reliable and valid measure of flourishing for both genders


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Psicometria/instrumentação , Amigos/psicologia , Afeto/classificação , Habilidades Sociais , Carência Psicossocial , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Traduções , Distribuição por Sexo , Comparação Transcultural , Questionário de Saúde do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos
7.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 31(3): 271-276, ago. 2019. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-185353

RESUMO

Background: Child sexual abuse continues to be a problem aggravated by difficulty of detection. The aim of this study was to compare intra-familial (IF) and extra-familial (EF) child sexual abuse cases in search of differential variables that may allow for better intervention and prevention. Method: A sample of 221 forensic/legal cases (44.8% IF and 55.2% EF) dealing with children between 3 and 18 years of age (75% female) was analysed. Results: IF sexual abuse was significantly more likely to occur more than once (p = .000; OR = 6.353), with greater delay in its revelation (>1 year OR = 8.132), and with younger victims (9.05 vs. 11.45; p = .000). Intellectual disability was more prevalent among EF victims (p = .017; OR = 3.053). There was a higher proportion of reconstructed families, more legal records, and more histories of domestic violence among IF sexual abuse families. Even among EF cases, 78% of abusers were known to the victims, and in around 80% of all cases the abuse was reported by a family member. Conclusion: Results point to the need for further development of detection programs in schools, police or health contexts since reporting by professionals is scarce


Antecedentes: el abuso sexual infantil (ASI) sigue siendo un problema agravado por dificultades de detección. Este estudio compara casos de ASI intrafamiliar (IF) y ASI extrafamiliar (EF) en busca de variables diferenciales que permitan una mejor intervención y prevención. Método: se analizó 221 casos forenses (55,2% EF) relacionados con menores entre 3 y 18 años (75% mujeres). Resultados: el abuso IF fue significativamente más probable que ocurriera de forma repetida (p = ,000; OR = 6,353), con mayor retraso en su revelación (>1 año OR = 8,132) y con víctimas más jóvenes (9,05 vs. 11,45 años; p = ,000). La discapacidad intelectual fue más frecuente entre las víctimas de abuso EF (p = ,017; OR = 3,053). Se encontró mayor proporción de familias reconstruidas, más antecedentes judiciales y más historia de violencia doméstica entre los abusos IF. De forma llamativa, incluso entre los casos EF el 78% de los abusadores eran conocidos y, entre ambos tipos de abuso, en torno al 80% de las veces un familiar fue quien denunció. Conclusiones: los resultados señalan la necesidad de mejorar los protocolos de detección en las escuelas, la policía o los contextos de salud ya que el informe de profesionales es escaso


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Abuso Sexual na Infância/legislação & jurisprudência , Abuso Sexual na Infância/estatística & dados numéricos , Criminosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Família , Amigos , Fatores Etários , Abuso Sexual na Infância/diagnóstico , Abuso Sexual na Infância/prevenção & controle , Diagnóstico Tardio , Literatura Erótica , Características da Família , Psiquiatria Legal , Deficiência Intelectual , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Espanha/epidemiologia
8.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-183852

RESUMO

This paper presents an interbehavioral conceptualization of interpersonal relationships, emphasizing both interpersonal closeness and conflict. In doing so, processes of association and subsequent substitution of stimulus function are described, setting the foundation for an analysis of how relationships are formed from an interbehavioral perspective. Specific attention is given to factors that impact intimacy and closeness in relationships, especially ways in which closeness may be fostered and conflict made more likely. The topic of communication is addressed, and possible therapeutic targets are highlighted from a novel conceptual context. The analysis is contrasted with more traditional ways of thinking, including more common behavior analytic perspectives. The implications of adopting the proposed interbehavioral conceptualization are provided


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Conflito Psicológico , Comportamento Social , Amigos/psicologia , Habilidades Sociais , Condicionamento Psicológico
9.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 45(4): 215-214, mayo-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188073

RESUMO

El entorno sociocultural influye en el tabaquismo juvenil, y actualmente parece que hay descenso de su prevalencia. Objetivos: Valorar la prevalencia del tabaquismo en estudiantes de bachillerato, la influencia del entorno en su inicio en la Comarca de Osona (Barcelona) (COB) y analizar, si existiera, su disminución. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en alumnos de bachillerato de COB. Mediante encuesta anónima se interrogó sobre tabaquismo, influencia del entorno y contexto sociocultural en el inicio. Resultados: Participaron 842, se recogieron 714 encuestas y 705 se consideraron válidas. Tenían residencia urbana 303 (93,5%). Fumaban 159 (22,6%) y el 62% eran mujeres; 70 (44%) eran cristianos, 3 (1,9%) musulmanes, 14 (8,8%) de otras religiones y 72 (45,3%) aconfesionales. Consumían alcohol 529 (76,3%) y otras sustancias 308 (46,5%). Padecían alguna enfermedad 40 (6,1%) alumnos y 334 (47,5%) familiares. Había 207 (29,4%) padres fumadores y 152 (22%) madres. Existía tabaquismo familiar en 214 (59%) alumnos y en 582 (82,6%) amigos. Los padres tenían estudios superiores en 212 (30,1%), medios en 331 (48,7%) y primarios en 137 (20,1%); en relación con las madres en 279 (39,6%), en 294(41,7%) y en 116 (16,5%) respectivamente. Ser fumador se relacionaba con consumir alcohol (p = 0,000) y otras sustancias (p = 0,000), ser aconfesional (p = 0,000), no padecer enfermedades (p = 0,043) y con tener madre (p = 0,001), padre (p = 0,005), hermano (p = 0,006), familiares (p = 0,016) o amigos fumadores (p = 0,000). Conclusiones: La prevalencia del tabaquismo en estudiantes de bachillerato en COB es elevada, aunque ha disminuido. Fumar se relacionó con tabaquismo de progenitores, familiares y amigos, ser aconfesional, consumir alcohol y otras sustancias. Se deben implantar programas preventivos dirigidos a estudiantes, progenitores y personal docente


The socio-cultural setting influences youth smoking and its prevalence presumibly has decreased. Objectives: To assess smoking prevalence in high school students, as well as the environmental influence on its onset in the Osona Disrtict of Barcelona (ODB), and to determine whether it has decreased. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on high school students in the ODB. In the anonymous questionnaire it was sked asked about smoking and the influence of the social and cultural setting on its onset. Results: A total of 842 students participated, with 714 questionnaires completed, of which 705 were included as valid. A total of 203 (93.5%) students lived in an urban setting. There were 159 smoker students and 62% were women. The smokers were 70 (44%) christians, 3 (1.9%) muslims, 14 (8.%) students with other religions, and 72 (45.3%) non-denominational students. It was detected that 529 (76.3%) of the students consumed alcohol consumers, and 308 (46.5%) consumed other substances. There were 40 (61%) students that suffered a disease, and also 334 students who had ill relatives. There were 207 (29.4%) fathers and 152 (22%) mothers who smoked and 214 (59%) students declared family smoking. Finally 582 (82.6%) had smoker friends. Among fathers, 212 (30.1%), had high level studies, 331 (48.7%) had mid- level studies, and 137 (20.1%) fathers had primary studies. Among mothers, it was 279 (39.6%), 294 (41.7%), and 116 (16.5%). respectively. Being a smoker was associated with alcohol (P = .000) and other substances consumption (P = .000), being non-denominational (P = .000), did not to suffer any disease (P = .043), with having mother (P = .001), father (P = .005), brother or sister (P = .006), and family members (P = .016) who smoked, and smoker friends (P = .000). Conclusions: smoking prevalence in high school students in the ODB is high, but has decreased. Smoking was associated with alcohol and consumption of other substances, being non-denominational, and with friends, parents, and relatives who smoked. It is necessary to establish prevention programs addressed to teenagers, parents and teachers


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Amigos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 30(4): 427-433, nov. 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-178699

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adolescent victims of bullying often present high levels of maladjustment, such as depression, anxiety, and the inability to manage anger. Both forgiveness and friendship have been found to be moderating agents for the debilitating psychological effects seen in the victims of bullying. Our aim was to explore the roles of forgiveness and friendship in the psychological adjustment of victimised youths. METHOD: The sample was composed of 2,105 adolescents (age range 13-20) recruited from central and southern Italy. We collected information on bullying, forgiveness, friendship, depression, anxiety and anger. RESULTS: We found that more victimisation and not having a best friend had an additive effect on maladjustment. Moreover, adolescents who scored lower in forgiveness were more likely to be depressed and angry. DISCUSSION: Our data provide confirmation that forgiveness is a protective factor for Italian adolescents, as is friendship, although they do not operate as interactive protective factors. Given that forgiveness is so significantly associated with wellbeing and the fact that it can be taught and enhanced in both clinical and school settings, it would be worthwhile to include work on forgiveness in prevention and treatment programmes


ANTECEDENTES: los adolescentes víctimas de acoso escolar presentan a menudo niveles altos de depresión y de ansiedad y problemas en el manejo de la ira. Se ha observado que tanto el perdón como la amistad funcionan como moderadores de los efectos psicológicos del acoso. Nuestro objetivo fue explorar las funciones del perdón y la amistad en la adaptación de jóvenes víctimas de acoso escolar. MÉTODO: se han utilizado datos sobre el acoso, el perdón, la amistad, la depresión y la ira de una muestra de 2.015 adolescentes, de entre 13 y 20 años, de centros de educación de Italia centro-meridional. RESULTADOS: se encuentra que el perdón y no tener un amigo afectan a la inadaptación de forma aditiva. Además, los adolescentes con puntuaciones bajas en perdón tienden a deprimirse y enfadarse. CONCLUSIONES: nuestros datos confirman que tanto el perdón como la amistad funcionan como factores de protección para los adolescentes italianos, aunque no de forma interactiva. Dada la importancia del perdón para el bienestar y puesto que se puede enseñar y potenciar en escuelas y fuera de ellas, conviene incluir el perdón en programas de prevención y tratamiento


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Bullying , Ajustamento Emocional , Perdão , Amigos , Estudos Transversais
11.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(5): 268-273, sept.-oct. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-178088

RESUMO

Introducción: Este artículo analiza los efectos de las relaciones sociales positivas como determinantes en el estado de salud de las personas mayores, desde un punto de vista interdisciplinar. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó en la provincia de Toledo un muestreo en el que participaron 2.332 sujetos, donde se aplicaron diversas escalas relacionadas. Para el análisis multivariable de los datos, se calculó la recta de regresión, junto a la bondad de ajuste con las pruebas de Cox, Snell y R-cuadrado de Nagelkerke, para averiguar la correlación entre las relaciones sociales, las redes y los contactos con la salud. Resultados: Las buenas relaciones sociales redundan en un mejor estado de salud, porque permiten sentirse bien y añadir vida a los años. El tamaño de la red social, y la frecuencia de los contactos, aunque disminuyen con la edad, cobran vital importancia en esta etapa de la vida. Todos estos factores constituyen estímulos para mejorar la percepción de salud y proporcionar apoyo social tanto en actividades de la vida diaria como en las instrumentales o de gestión de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: El principal resultado de este estudio es que las relaciones sociales positivas pueden considerarse como un determinante en la salud de las personas mayores, pero no todas estas interacciones influyen en la misma medida. El factor de la relación humana en cuanto a la proximidad emocional, junto con la frecuencia o cantidad de estos encuentros, también están correlacionados con la salud, debido al impacto emocional que implican


Introduction: This study presents an analysis on the effects of positive social relationships as determining factors on the health status of the elderly, from an interdisciplinary point of view. Materials and methods: A survey was carried out on a total of 2,332 subjects in the province of Toledo, Spain, using several scales related to the study objectives. For the multivariable analysis of the data, the linear regression, along with goodness of fit, as well as the tests of Cox, Snell and R-squared of Nagelkerke, were calculated to determine the correlation between the networks and the social contacts with the health. Results: Good social relationships result in better health, because they allow us to feel good and add life to the years. The size of the social network, and the frequency of contacts, although decreasing with age, become vitally important at this stage of life. All these factors constitute stimuli to improve the perception of health, to provide social support in activities of daily living, as well as for instrumental or disease management. Conclusions: The main outcome of this study is that positive social relationships can be considered as a determining factor in the health of the elderly, but not all these interactions influence the same extent. The factor of the human relationship in terms of emotional proximity, together with the frequency or quantity of these encounters, are also correlated with health, due to the emotional impact they imply


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Apoio Social , Habilidades Sociais , Nível de Saúde , Relações Interpessoais , Amigos/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde do Idoso , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração
12.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 37(132): 415-437, jul.-dic. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169249

RESUMO

En el presente artículo, los autores examinan la fiabilidad y validez de un instrumento que, habiéndose utilizado en otras poblaciones, se consideró de especial interés para las personas con trastorno mental grave. La Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (EMAS) podría resultar útil para la planificación y aplicación de estrategias de intervención sobre las redes sociales de este colectivo, teniendo en cuenta su percepción de los apoyos sociales. Para poner a prueba esta hipótesis, se seleccionaron tres dispositivos de Rehabilitación Psicosocial para personas con trastorno mental grave de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se reclutó una muestra de 59 personas. Los sujetos fueron evaluados con la EMAS. Las propiedades psicométricas que encontramos muestran que la EMAS es una herramienta óptima para guiar las intervenciones dirigidas a incrementar la percepción de los apoyos recibidos procedentes de amigos, familia y otras personas relevantes (AU)


In the present article, the authors examine the reliability and validity of an instrument that, having previously been used in other populations, was considered to be of special interest for people with severe mental disorders. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) might be useful for the planning and implementation of intervention strategies on the social networks of this collective, taking into account their perception of social support. In order to test this hypothesis, we selected three centers of psychosocial rehabilitation for this population in the Community of Madrid (Spain). A sample of 59 people with severe mental disorder was recruited. Subjects were assessed with the MSPSS. The psychometric properties we found show that the MSPSS is an optimal tool for guiding interventions aimed at increasing the perception of support received from relatives, friends, and significant others (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Apoio Social , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Psicometria/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Rede Social , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Relações Interpessoais , Amigos , Percepção Social
13.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 28(2): 56-62, jun. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165738

RESUMO

El presente artículo hace un recorrido por las diferentes etapas del envejecimiento y de la vida de las personas mayores a través del cine. El cine es un arte que transmite ideas a través de la narración de historias, mediante imágenes que impactan en el aspecto psicoemocional de las personas. El cine nos sitúa en escenarios donde se muestran las relaciones humanas, en contextos difíciles de reproducir, los cuales nos permiten explorar la esfera de los sentimientos frente a situaciones de salud enfermedad, de ponerse en lugar del ‘otro’: de la persona que sueña, padece y sufre, de los profesionales que intervienen, de la familia que convive, cuida, sufre con el enfermo, de los amigos... Y entre esos escenarios, sin duda, se encuentra el proceso de envejecimiento y los diferentes factores que influyen en él. Y sin embargo no suele prestársele excesiva atención a la aportación que el cine ha realizado y realiza como elemento de reflexión, análisis, debate y aprendizaje, más allá del mero entretenimiento en el que muchas veces se enmarca el cine. Pero, ¿cómo ha tratado el cine a las personas mayores? ¿cómo aborda las interrelaciones de las personas mayores con su entorno, su familia, su proceso de salud-enfermedad, sus miedos, sus emociones? ¿Trata igual a las personas mayores con independencia de su género? Y lo que puede ser más interesante, ¿contribuye el cine a mitigar o eliminar los tópicos y estereotipos existentes en el imaginario común en torno a las personas mayores?


This article takes a look at the different stages of aging and the life of the elderly through the cinema. Cinema is an art that transmits ideas through storytelling, through images that impact on the psycho-emotional aspect of people. The cinema places us in scenarios where human relationships are shown, in contexts difficult to reproduce, which allow us to explore the sphere of feelings in the face of health-disease situations, to put ourselves in place of the ‘other’: the person who dreams, suffers and suffers, the professionals involved, the family that lives, cares, suffers with the sick, friends... And among those scenarios, undoubtedly, is the process of aging and the different factors that influence it. And yet it does not usually pay too much attention to the contribution that cinema has made and performs as an element of reflection, analysis, debate and learning, beyond the mere entertainment in which cinema is often framed. But how has cinema treated older people? How do you approach the interrelations of older people with their environment, their family, their health-illness process, their fears, their emotions? Do you treat older people the same regardless of gender? And what can be more interesting, does the film contribute to mitigate or eliminate the topics and stereotypes existing in the common imaginary around the elderly?


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Estereotipagem , Percepção Social , Emoções , Afeto , Filmes Cinematográficos , Relações Interpessoais , Idoso/psicologia , Amigos/psicologia
14.
Apuntes psicol ; 35(1): 45-54, 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-167517

RESUMO

En las últimas décadas se han producido numerosas transformaciones en las sociedades industrializadas que han contribuido a que algunos investigadores determinen que ha surgido una nueva etapa en el desarrollo de los y las jóvenes llamada «adultez emergente». En este estudio, pretendemos conocer la implicación en los estudios, el consumo de drogas y el apoyo social percibido por los adultos emergentes. Asimismo, el objetivo principal de nuestro estudio es analizar en qué medida el apoyo social de la familia y los amigos percibido por los adultos emergentes se relaciona con su implicación en los estudios y su consumo de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis (hachís, marihuana…). Este estudio supone una investigación cuantitativa transversal de un grupo de 209 chicos y chicas adultos emergentes universitarios a los que se les administró cuestionarios relativos a apoyo social de la familia y los amigos, la implicación en los estudios y el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y cannabis. Los resultados señalan que los adultos emergentes de nuestra muestra perciben altos niveles apoyo social de la familia y de los amigos. Además, muestran un alto nivel de implicación en los estudios. Asimismo, conceden gran importancia a la familia, la cual se relaciona con su alta implicación en los estudios y su bajo consumo de hachís o marihuana. El trabajo presenta uno de los pocos estudios realizados en España sobre la adultez emergente y resalta la importancia del conocimiento y la intervención en esta etapa del ciclo vital para el campo de la Psicología


In recent decades there have been a lot of changes in industrialized societies that have contributed to some researchers determined that emergence of a new stage in the development of young people, it called «Emerging Adulthood». In this study, we pretend to know drug use, involvement studies and family and friend social support perceived by emerging adults. Besides, the main aim of our study is analysed how social support and friends perceived by emerging adults is related to this involvement studies and alcohol, tobacco and hashish and marijuana consumption. This study is a transversal quantitative research of a group of 209 boys and girls undergraduate emerging adults. Questionnaires about family and friend social support, involvement studies and alcohol, tobacco and hashish or marijuana consumption were applied. The results indicate that emerging adults perceive high levels of family support and friend support. Moreover, they show a high level of involvement in studies. Besides, they give great importance to the family which influences their involvement in studies and drug use hashish or marijuana consumption. This work is one of the few researches about emerging adulthood in Spain and underlines the importance of its knowledge and intervention in the field of Psychology on this life cycle stage


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Apoio Social , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Relações Familiares/psicologia , Amigos/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , 28599
15.
Span. j. psychol ; 20: e64.1-e64.10, 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-168791

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to analyse the contribution of social support from family, friend and school (teacher and classmate) contexts in substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) and well-being (life satisfaction and health-related quality of life). Participants were 5,784 Portuguese and 22,610 Spanish adolescents aged 11 to 16 years, from the 2014 edition of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Portugal and Spain. Results showed that for a higher life satisfaction, family (p < .001, partial η2 = .032), teacher (p < .001, partial η2 = .018) and classmate (p < .001, partial η2 = .031) support were important in Portugal, and family (p < .001, partial η2 = .056) and friend (p < .001, partial η2 = .015) support in Spain. Similarly, for a better health-related quality of life, all the social support variables were relevant in Portugal (family: p < .001, partial η2 = .063; teacher: p < .001, partial η2 = .032; classmate: p < .001, partial η2 = .054; friend: p < .001, partial η2 = .034) and in Spain (family: p < .001, partial η2 = .054; teacher: p < .001, partial η2 = .014; classmate: p < .001, partial η2 = .018; friend: p < .001, partial η2 = .040). In contrast, only family support (p < .001, partial η2 = .014) was relevant in Portugal for tobacco use. Therefore, social support was more relevant for adolescent well-being than for adolescent substance use, and the most relevant source of support was family support, in both Spain and Portugal (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Apoio Social , Portugal/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Relações Interpessoais , Amigos , Relações Familiares , Poder Familiar
16.
Rev. psicoanál. (Madr.) ; (81): 97-124, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169493

RESUMO

En este trabajo el autor parte de la siguiente hipótesis: así como en toda neurosis se presentan fenómenos narcisistas, lo cual no equivale a afirmar que Narciso desplazó a Edipo, sino más bien que resulta necesario concebirlos juntos en un complejo interjuego, del mismo modo se debe incluir los complejos fraternos y la dimensión amistosa con sus propias dinámicas y articulaciones con las estructuras narcisista y edípica, tanto «en la simplicidad aparente de lo normal, así como también en las desfiguraciones y exageraciones de lo patológico» (Freud, 1914, p.87). La inclusión de los psicodinamismos referidos a la fratría y a la amistad en la estructuración de la vida psíquica no intenta clausurar ninguno de los temas concernientes a la nodal importancia de Narciso y Edipo. Al contrario, tienen un valor heurístico. Una de sus finalidades centrales es, precisamente, suplementar y no suprimir. Es decir, se trata de aguzar la escucha analítica, ensanchar las fronteras del campo psicoanalítico y establecer nuevos puentes entre la teoría y la clínica con niños, adolescentes y adultos (AU)


In this paper the author departs from the following hypothesis: just as narcissistic phenomena may be seen in all neurosis, which is not tantamount to asserting that Narcissus has taken the place of Oedipus, rather that both must be understood together in a complex interplay, likewise we must include the fraternal complexes and the «amical» dimension with its own dynamics and articulations with the narcissistic and oedipal structures; that «in order to arrive at an understanding of what seems so simple in normal phenomena, we shall have to turn to the field of pathology with its distortions and exaggerations» (Freud, 1914, p.87). The inclusion of the psychodynamics of phratry and friendship in the structuring of psychic life does not intend to close off any of the the mes concerning the nodal importance of Narcissus and Oedipus. On the contrary, these have heuristic value. One of the central aims is, in fact, to supplement and not to suppress; in other words, to sharpen analytic listening, to widen the boundaries of the psychoanalytic field and to establish new bridges between theory and clinical practice with children adolescents and adults (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Complexo de Édipo , Narcisismo , Teoria Psicanalítica , Amigos/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Relações entre Irmãos , Luto , Transferência Psicológica
17.
Nutr. hosp ; 33(4): 790-793, jul.-ago. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154901

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: examinar la asociación del apoyo de los padres y de los amigos con diferentes intensidades de actividad física durante el tiempo libre de adolescentes españoles de ambos sexos. Métodos: un total 352 adolescentes españoles (51,70% chicos; 12-16 años) cumplimentaron el International Physical Activity Questionnarie for Adolescents y un cuestionario validado sobre apoyo social. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal ajustados por edad. Resultados: el apoyo social de padres y amigos influyó positivamente sobre los niveles de actividad física vigorosa que los adolescentes españoles realizan durante su tiempo libre (β = 0,226 y β = 0,285 en chicos y β = 0,167 y β = 0,181 en chicas, para el apoyo de padres y amigos respectivamente) y sobre los de intensidad moderada en el caso de las chicas (β = 0,195 y β = 0,200, respectivamente). Conclusiones: el apoyo de padres y amigos contribuye a los niveles de actividad física moderada o vigorosa en adolescentes españoles (AU)


Background and objectives: This study examined the association of parents and friends support with differents intensities of free time physical activity in Spanish adolescents of both genders. Methods: A total of 352 Spanish adolescents (51.70% boys; 12-16 years) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and a validated questionnaire about social support. Linear regression analysis were performed adjusted for age. Results: Social support from parents and friends infl uenced positively on vigorous free time physical activity in Spanish adolescents (β = 0.226 and β = 0.285 in boys, and β = 0.167 and β = 0.181 in girls, for parents and friends support respectively), and on moderate free time physical activity levels in girls (β = 0.195 and β = 0.200 respectively). Conclusions: Parents and friends support contributes to moderate-or-vigorous physical activity levels in Spanish adolescents (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Relações Pais-Filho , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Esportes/fisiologia , Estilo de Vida , Amigos/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Apoio Social , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Modelos Lineares , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Declaração de Helsinki
18.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(2): 55-63, abr.-jun. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-152476

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar la relación existente entre el trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL) y las habilidades sociales en la preadolescencia. Se trata de un área poco estudiada pero que tiene especial interés dado el gran peso que cobran las relaciones sociales y las amistades íntimas en la adolescencia para el desarrollo psicosocial del individuo. Para ello, se han comparado 2 grupos de 18 sujetos cada uno: un grupo integrado por niños con TEL y otro por niños de la misma edad con desarrollo típico. Las medidas utilizadas se obtuvieron mediante el Sistema de evaluación de la conducta de niños y adolescentes (BASC; Reynolds y Kamphaus, 1992; adaptación española de González et al., 2004), recogiendo las valoraciones de los tutores en habilidades sociales, liderazgo, adaptabilidad y habilidades adaptativas. Los resultados mostraron que los niños con TEL tenían un índice menor que sus iguales en todas las variables medidas excepto en adaptabilidad. Estos resultados son indicativos de que los niños con TEL presentan un déficit también en habilidades sociales y liderazgo. Por lo tanto, es necesario tener en cuenta otras áreas, además de la lingüística, en la intervención con los niños con TEL (AU)


The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between specific language impairment (SLI) and social skills in preadolescence. This aim is few explored, but has a great interest because in preadolescence social relations and close friendship are key factors in psychosocial development. We compared a group of children with SLI (n = 18) with a group of children with typical language development from the same age and classroom. We measured social skills, leadership, adaptability and adaptative skills through the System Behavioral Assessment of Children and Adolescents (BASC; Reynolds y Kamphaus, 1992; Spanish adaptation by González et al., 2004). Results showed that children with SLI had a lower index in all the variables except on adaptability. These results indicate that children with SLI show a deficit in social skills and leadership. Therefore, other areas, different from linguistic, are needed to take into account in order to intervene in children with SLI (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Transtornos da Linguagem/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Linguagem/prevenção & controle , Transtornos da Linguagem/psicologia , Habilidades Sociais , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Liderança , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/epidemiologia , Testes de Linguagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia da Linguagem/métodos , Amigos/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Psicologia do Adolescente/métodos , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Dados/métodos , Modelos Lineares
19.
An. psicol ; 31(3): 941-951, oct. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-143158

RESUMO

Se presentan dos estudios cuyo objetivo es conocer la imagen exogrupal de 471 adolescentes autóctonos y 333 inmigrantes de origen latinoamericano residentes en Madrid, y analizarla en función de su edad y del grado de contacto con miembros del exogrupo. Para evaluar la percepción grupal se elaboró un instrumento compuesto por descripciones proporcionadas por adolescentes de similares características en un estudio preliminar con grupos de discusión. El instrumento resultante presenta igual estructura y propiedades psicométricas adecuadas en ambos grupos de participantes y permite evaluar la imagen exogrupal total y sus componentes positivo y negativo. En consonancia con las investigaciones existentes, los adolescentes latinos tienen una imagen más positiva de los españoles que viceversa; además, presentan puntuaciones más altas tanto en imagen exogrupal positiva como negativa. Los adolescentes con mayor contacto exogrupal presentan mejor imagen exogrupal total y positiva, pero los efectos sobre la negativa difieren en función del estatus del grupo (mayoritario o minoritario). El análisis de diferencias en función de la edad no ofrece resultados concluyentes. Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a mejorar el conocimiento del fenómeno de la percepción intergrupal en la adolescencia, etapa evolutiva en la que los estudios en nuestro país son aún escasos


Two studies are presented with the purpose of analyzing outgroup perception of 471 native and 333 Latino immigrant adolescents in Madrid city and differences regarding age and level of outgroup contact. In order to evaluate outgroup perception, a measure was created using descriptions provided by adolescents with similar characteristics during focus groups conducted in a preliminary study. The final measure shows similar structure and appropriate psychometric properties for both participant groups and it evaluates total outgroup perception and its positive and negative components. In line with previous research, Latino adolescents show a more positive outgroup image than the Spaniards; they also express higher scores in both positive and negative outgroup perception. Those adolescents with higher level of outgroup contact show higher scores in total and positive outgroup image, but effects on negative outgroup image differ with group status. Results in relation to age are not concluding. This study contributes to a better understanding of intergroup perception during adolescence, a developmental period in which this research is still limited in Spain


Assuntos
Adolescente , Humanos , Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamento Social , Processos Grupais , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Amigos/psicologia , Desejabilidade Social , 50293
20.
Rev. int. med. cienc. act. fis. deporte ; 15(59): 449-466, sept. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-141698

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los efectos que provocan los modelos de enseñanza Tradicional y de Educación Deportiva en la motivación y deportividad del alumnado de educación física, incluyendo también un tercer nivel de tratamiento, variante del modelo de Educación Deportiva, en el que se empleó material autoconstruido. Se realizó un diseño cuasi-experimental con tres niveles de tratamiento y medidas pretest y postest de cuatro variables dependientes: metas de logro, metas de amistad, necesidades psicológicas básicas y la deportividad durante la enseñanza del ultimate. Accedieron a participar un total de 295 estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato cuyas edades oscilaban entre los 12-17 años. Los resultados indicaron mejoras significativas en las metas de evitación del rendimiento, metas de amistad, necesidades psicológicas básicas y subescalas de deportividad en ambos grupos de Educación Deportiva (AU)


The goal of the present project was to compare the effects of three different instructional models: (Traditional, Sport Education and Sport Education with Self-Made Materials) on physical education students' motivation and sportsmanship. A quasi-experimental design with three levels of treatment was used. Pretest and posttest scores on achievement goals, friendship, psychological needs and sportsmanship were obtained after the application of a learning unit of ultimate in a school in the northern part of Spain. A total of 295 secondary school students, ages 12-17, agreed to participate. Results showed significant increases in performance-avoidance goals, friendship goals, basic psychological needs and sportsmanship in both Sport Education groups. Sport Education seems to offer more advantages than the traditional teaching method to develop adolescents achievement and social goals, as well as sportsmanship, in physical education (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Educação Física e Treinamento/métodos , Modelos Educacionais , Motivação , Valores Sociais , Desempenho Atlético , Amigos/psicologia , Processos Grupais , Intenção , Objetivos
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