Influencia del uso vocal en el índice de incapacidad vocal. Estudio de 180 casos / Influence of vocal use on the voice handicap index. Study of 180 cases

Introducción: Los cantantes son uno de los grupos de profesionales de la voz con mayor prevalencia de patología vocal ya que, debido a su profesión y a su estilo de vida, están expuestos a una importante cantidad de factores de riesgo. Método: Diseño ex-post-facto prospectivo encaminado a estudiar la autopercepción de la incapacidad vocal de 180 sujetos (91 cantantes y 89 no cantantes) mediante el test de medida del índice de la discapacidad vocal (VHI) de Jacobson y colaboradores (1998) y evaluar la relación entre la puntuación del test y diversos factores de riesgo. Resultados: Los cantantes obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones (21,49) que los no cantantes (17) en el cuestionario VHI. Respecto al sexo, encontramos que las mujeres alcanzan puntuaciones más altas (28,15) que los hombres (12,33). En cuanto a los factores de riesgo, observamos que los fumadores muestran puntuaciones significativamente más altas (23,42) que los no fumadores (15,30). Conclusiones: Los sujetos con más uso vocal, en este caso los cantantes, presentan puntuaciones más altas en el VHI. Esto mismo ocurre con las mujeres y los sujetos fumadores. Estos resultados son estadísticamente significativos únicamente en el caso de las variables «fuma» y «sexo».(AU)

Introduction: Singers are one of the groups of voice professionals with higher prevalence of vocal pathology due to their profession and lifestyle. Method: Prospective ex post study was carried out to study the self-perception of vocal disability of 180 subjects (91 singers and 89 non-singers) using the Jacobson et al. (1998) Voice Handicap Index (VHI). The relationship of the test score and various risk factors has also been studied. Results: Singers scored higher (21.49) than non-singers (17) on the VHI questionnaire. Regarding on sex, women reached higher scores (28.15) than men (12.33). Regarding on risk factors we have observed that smokers show significant higher scores (23.42) than non-smokers (15.30). Conclusions: The subjects with more vocal use, in this case the singers, present higher scores on the VHI. That also occurs with women and smokers. These results are statistically significant only in the case of the variables smokes and sex.(AU)

A single bout of aerobic exercise modulates motor learning performance and cortical excitability in humans

Background: Evidence indicates beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on motor learning performance, which might be caused by the impact of aerobic exercise on cortical excitability. It is thus suggested that physiological effects of aerobic exercise on cortical excitability determine the effects of aerobic exercise on motor learning. Nevertheless, respective results usually come from independent studies, and a prove of the causal relationship between neurophysiological and motor learning effects is still missing. This study aims to explore the impact of a single bout of aerobic exercise on brain physiology and motor learning, and the association between these phenomena in humans Method: The study was conducted in a cross-over design. In twenty healthy subjects, cortical excitability and motor learning were assessed before and after a single bout of aerobic exercise or a control intervention Results: The results show that aerobic exercise improved motor sequence learning and enhanced cortical excitability in humans. Furthermore, a correlation between the exercise-dependent alteration of cortical excitability (short intracortical inhibition, which is determined primarily by the GABAergic system) and improvement of motor learning has been found Discussion: The study found motor learning performance-improving effects of aerobic exercise, and these results might be explained by an exercised-caused alteration of cortical excitability, especially a reduction of GABA activity. (AU)

Características diferenciales de los pacientes con carcinoma escamoso de cabeza y cuello sin antecedentes de consumo de tabaco ni alcohol / Differential characteristics of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with no history of tobacco or alcohol use

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las características diferenciales de los pacientes con un carcinoma escamoso de cabeza y cuello (CECC) sin antecedentes de consumo de tóxicos, como el tabaco y el alcohol.Material y métodosSe llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de 4.694 pacientes con un CECC localizado en la cavidad oral, orofaringe, hipofaringe o laringe tratados en nuestro centro durante el periodo 1985-2019.ResultadoUn 7,7% de los pacientes (n=363) no refirieron el antecedente de consumo de tóxicos. El grupo de pacientes sin antecedentes tóxicos tenía mayor edad, una mayor proporción de mujeres, una mayor frecuencia de casos localizados en la cavidad oral, una mayor proporción de casos diagnosticados en estadios iniciales y una menor incidencia de segundas neoplasias. El porcentaje de pacientes sin antecedentes de consumo de tóxicos aumentó de forma significativa a lo largo del periodo de estudio. La supervivencia global de los pacientes sin antecedentes de consumo de tóxicos fue significativamente más elevada que la de los pacientes con antecedentes tóxicos. La supervivencia específica para los pacientes con tumores localizados en la cavidad oral sin antecedentes tóxicos fue significativamente inferior, en tanto que para los pacientes con carcinomas de orofaringe la ausencia de antecedentes de consumo de tóxicos se asoció a un mejor pronóstico.ConclusionesExistieron diferencias en las características epidemiológicas y pronósticas de los pacientes con CECC en función del antecedente de consumo de tóxicos como el tabaco o el alcohol. (AU)

Objective: The present study aims to analyze the differential characteristics of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) without a history of consumption of toxic substances such as tobacco and alcohol.Material and methodsWe carried out a retrospective study of 4,694 patients with HNSCC located in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx or larynx treated in our center during the period 1985-2019.ResultThe 7.7% of the patients (n=363) did not report a history of consumption of toxic substances. The group of patients with no toxic history was older, had a higher proportion of women, a higher frequency of cases located in the oral cavity, a higher proportion of cases diagnosed in early stages, and a lower incidence of second neoplasms. The percentage of patients with no history of consumption of toxic substances increased significantly over the study period. The overall survival of patients with no history of consumption of toxic substances was significantly higher than that of patients with toxic substances use. Specific survival for patients with tumors located in the oral cavity without a history of consumption of toxic substances was significantly lower than that of patients with toxic substances use, whereas for patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas the absence of a history of consumption of toxic substances was associated with a better prognosis.ConclusionsThere were differences in the epidemiological and prognostic characteristics of patients with HNSCC according to the history of consumption of toxic substances such as tobacco and alcohol. (AU)

Mediastinal Thoracic Duct Cyst – An Unusual Finding

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Tracheal Rings Exposure Following Percutaneous Tracheostomy

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Exuberant Paraseptal Emphysema Associated With Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis: 12 Years of Evolution

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Radon, Tobacco Exposure and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Risk Related to BER and NER Genetic Polymorphisms / El radón, la exposición al tabaco y el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas en relación con polimorfismos genéticos de BER y NER

Introduction: Tobacco consumption and radon exposure are considered the first and second most common causes of lung cancer, respectively. The aim of this study was to analyze both whether selected genetic polymorphisms in loci that are in DNA repair pathways, are related to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether they may modulate the association between residential radon exposure and lung cancer in both smokers and never smokers.Methods: A multicentre, hospital-based, case–control study with 826 cases and 1201 controls was designed in a radon-prone area. Genotyping was determined in whole blood and residential radon exposure was measured in participants’ dwellings.Results: Attending to tobacco exposure, the variant in the gene NBN (rs1805794) was associated with lung cancer in never smokers (OR 2.72; 95%1.44–5.2) and heavy smokers (OR 3.04; 95%CI 1.21–7.69). The polymorphism with the highest lung cancer association was OGG1 (rs125701), showing an OR of 8.04 (95%CI 1.64–58.29) for its homozygous variant genotype in heavy smokers. Attending to indoor radon exposure (>200Bq/m3), rs1452584, for its homozygous variant genotype, showed the highest association (OR 3.04 (95%CI 1.15–8.48).Conclusion: The genes analyzed seem to have no association with the fully adjusted model, but they might modulate lung cancer association when different categories of tobacco consumption are considered (i.e. heavy smokers). This association may similarly be elevated for those individuals having high indoor radon exposures, though at a minor extent. (AU)

Introducción: El consumo de tabaco y la exposición al radón se consideran la primera y la segunda causa más frecuentes de cáncer de pulmón, respectivamente. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si determinados polimorfismos genéticos en los loci que forman parte de la cascada de reparación del ADN se asocian con el cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña, y también si es posible que modifiquen la asociación entre la exposición al radón en el hogar y el cáncer de pulmón tanto en fumadores como en no fumadores.Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio multicéntrico hospitalario de casos y controles con 826 casos y 1.201 controles en un área proclive a la presencia de radón. Se determinó el genotipo en sangre y se midió la exposición al radón en el lugar de residencia de los participantes.Resultados: Analizando la exposición al tabaco, la variante del gen NBN (rs1805794) se asoció con el cáncer de pulmón en no fumadores (OR 2,72; IC 95% 1,44-5,2) y grandes fumadores (OR 3,04; IC 95% 1,21-7,69). El polimorfismo con mayor asociación con el cáncer de pulmón fue OGG1 (rs125701), con una OR de 8,04 (IC 95% 1,64-58,29) para la variante genotípica en homocigosis en grandes fumadores. En cuanto a la exposición al radón en interiores (>200Bq/m3), rs1452584 en homocigosis mostró la asociación más fuerte (OR 3,04; IC 95% 1,15-8,48).Conclusión: Los genes que se analizaron no muestran asociación con el modelo completamente ajustado, pero podrían modificar la asociación con el cáncer de pulmón cuando se consideran diferentes categorías de consumo de tabaco (esto es, grandes fumadores). Esta asociación podría aumentar de forma similar en aquellos individuos que están expuestos al radón en interiores, aunque en menor medida. (AU)

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and asthma during the first year of life: a comparative study between smokers and nonsmoker mothers

Background: We investigated the relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy and health care problems in the offspring during the first year of life, particularly asthma. Material and Methods: A cohort of 648 consecutive infants born at term and alive at Hospital de Sagunto (Valencia, Spain) over one year period was followed for 12 months. Clinical data of the infants were prospectively collected from the database of ambulatory medical records (ABUCASIS) of the Valencia health system. Results: Smoking during pregnancy was recorded in 164 (25.3%) mothers. During the first year of life, asthma was diagnosed in 101 infants, with an incidence of 15.7%. The diagnoses of asthma (25.6% vs. 12.3%; P < 0.0001) and bronchiolitis (44.5% vs. 28.6%; P = 0.0002) during the first year of life were more common among infants in the smoking group. The probability of developing asthma during the first year of life was two-fold higher for the male gender and 2.5 times higher when mothers smoked while pregnant. Up to 52% of asthma cases could have been avoided in infants born to smoking mothers if they did not smoke during pregnancy. Infants in the smoking group showed a lower weight and length at birth than infants in the nonsmoking group differences almost disappeared at 6 months and 12 months. Conclusion: Asthma during the first year of life showed a clear relationship with maternal smoking in pregnancy. Pregnant women should be advised of the significant perinatal risk for respiratory diseases associated with tobacco use (AU)

A Middle-Aged Male With Endobronchial Bleeding Vessel / Un hombre de mediana edad con vaso endobronquial sangrante

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Aspergillus tracheobronchitis: The diagnostic value of endoscopic imaging / Traqueobronquitis aspergilar. El valor diagnóstico de la imagen endoscópica

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La disfunción de las pequeñas vías aéreas deteriora la calidad de vida de fumadores sin limitación al flujo aéreo / Small Airway Dysfunction Impairs Quality of Life Among Smokers With No Airflow Limitation

Introducción: La disfunción de las pequeñas vías aéreas (DPV) inducida por el tabaco contribuye precozmente a la patogenia de la limitación al flujo aéreo (LFA), aunque resulta poco conocida su repercusión en la percepción de salud. Se pretende evaluar la frecuencia de DPV en fumadores activos sin LFA y comparar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de no fumadores, fumadores sin DPV, fumadores con DPV y fumadores con LFA. Métodos: En 53 fumadores activos sin LFA, 20 fumadores con LFA y 20 no fumadores, se utilizaron los cuestionarios SF-36 y EuroQoL y se realizó oscilometría de impulsos, espirometría y determinación de las densidades de atenuación del parénquima pulmonar en inspiración y espiración máximas. Se consideró que existía DPV cuando la resistencia a 5 Hz (R5), la diferencia R5-R20 y el área de reactancia (AX) excedían su límite superior de la normalidad. Resultados: El 35,8% de los fumadores sin LFA tenía DPV. No se detectaron diferencias en los parámetros espirométricos ni la atenuación pulmonar entre los fumadores con o sin DPV y los no fumadores. Sin embargo, los fumadores con DPV presentaban una peor puntuación en los cuestionarios de CVRS que los fumadores sin DPV o los no fumadores, e intermedia a los fumadores con LFA. R5 y X5 fueron identificados como determinantes independientes de la CVRS en los fumadores sin LFA. Conclusiones: La DPV es frecuente en fumadores sin LFA, afectando a un tercio de los mismos, y condicionando de forma independiente su percepción de salud

Introduction: Small airway dysfunction (SAD) caused by smoking contributes to the early onset of airflow limitation (AFL), although its impact on patients’ perception of health is largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of SAD in active smokers without AFL, and to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of non-smokers, smokers without SAD, smokers with SAD, and smokers with AFL. Methods: A total of 53 active smokers without AFL, 20 smokers with AFL, and 20 non-smokers completed the SF-36 and EuroQoL questionnaires and performed impulse oscillometry and spirometry. Pulmonary parenchymal attenuation was determined in inspiration and expiration. SAD was determined to exist when resistance at 5Hz (R5), the difference between R5 and R20, and reactance area (AX) exceeded the upper limit of normal. Results: In total, 35.8% of smokers without AFL had SAD. No differences were detected in spirometric parameters or pulmonary attenuation between smokers with or without AFL and non-smokers. However, smokers with SAD had worse scores on HRQoL questionnaires than smokers without SAD or non-smokers, and scores compared to smokers with AFL were intermediate. R5 and X5 were identified as independent determinants of HRQoL in smokers without AFL. Conclusions: SAD is common in smokers without AFL, affecting one third of this population, and independently affecting their perception of health