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1.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(4)oct.-dic. 2023. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226354

RESUMO

The prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in cognitive processes, both during anticipatory and reactive modes of cognitive control. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can modulate these cognitive resources. However, there is a lack of research exploring the impact of tDCS on emotional material processing in the prefrontal cortex, particularly in regard to proactive and reactive modes of cognitive control. In this study, 35 healthy volunteers underwent both real and sham tDCS applied to the right prefrontal cortex in a counterbalanced order, and then completed the Cued Emotion Control Task (CECT). Pupil dilation, a measure of cognitive resource allocation, and behavioral outcomes, such as reaction time and accuracy, were collected. The results indicate that, as compared to sham stimulation, active right-sided tDCS reduced performance and resource allocation in both proactive and reactive modes of cognitive control. These findings highlight the importance of further research on the effects of tDCS applied to the right prefrontal cortex on cognitive engagement, particularly for clinical trials utilizing the present electrode montage in combination with cognitive interventions. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua/efeitos adversos , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Emoções , Alocação de Recursos , Voluntários Saudáveis
2.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(4)oct.-dic. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226369

RESUMO

In recent years several meta-analyses regarding resting-state functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia have been published. The authors have used different data analysis techniques: regional homogeneity, seed-based data analysis, independent component analysis, and amplitude of low frequencies. Hence, we aim to perform a meta-analysis to identify connectivity networks with different activation patterns between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy controls using voxel-wise analysis. Method: We collected primary studies exploring whole brain connectivity by functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. We identified 25 studies included high-quality studies that included 1285 patients with schizophrenia and 1279 healthy controls. Results: The results indicate hypoactivation in the right precentral gyrus and the left superior temporal gyrus of patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. Conclusions: These regions have been linked with some clinical symptoms usually present in Plea with schizophrenia, such as auditory verbal hallucinations, formal thought disorder, and the comprehension and production of gestures. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cérebro , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Voluntários Saudáveis , Descanso/fisiologia
3.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(4)oct.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226371

RESUMO

Background/objective: Individuals with broad autism phenotype (BAP) showed a diminished ability to recognize emotion. This study aims to examine whether their decline in emotion recognition ability could be more clearly identified as task complexity increased and whether their decline could be influenced by their eye-gaze patterns. Method: 41 individuals with BAP and 40 healthy controls performed two types of emotion recognition tasks. After confirming conditions wherein the BAP group did not perform well compared to the control group, we compared gaze proportion on faces and context between groups when performing the conditions. Results: The more difficult the task, the clearer the significant relationships between the level of autistic traits and emotion recognition ability. The BAP group showed lower accuracy compared to the control group when a face with mild emotional intensity was presented with context. In terms of gaze proportion, the BAP group looked less at faces when recognizing emotions compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that diminished emotion recognition ability in individuals with BAP may be influenced by face gaze. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Emoções , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Fenótipo , Voluntários Saudáveis , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtorno Autístico , República da Coreia
4.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(4)oct.-dic. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226382

RESUMO

Response inhibition is a core component of cognitive control. Past electrophysiology and neuroimaging studies have identified beta oscillations and inhibitory control cortical regions correlated with response inhibition, including the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and primary motor cortex (M1). Hence, increasing beta activity in multiple brain regions is a potential way to enhance response inhibition. Here, a novel dual-site transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) method was used to modulate beta activity over the rIFG-M1 network in a sample of 115 (excluding 2 participants) with multiple control groups and a replicated experimental design. In Experiment 1, 70 healthy participants were randomly assigned to three dual-site beta-tACS groups, including in-phase, anti-phase or sham stimulation. During and after stimulation, participants were required to complete the stop-signal task, and electroencephalography (EEG) was collected before and after stimulation. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale was completed before the experiment to evaluate participants' impulsiveness. In addition, we conducted an active control experiment with a sample size of 20 to exclude the potential effects of the dual-site tACS “return” electrode. To validate the behavioural findings of Experiment 1, 25 healthy participants took part in Experiment 2 and were randomized into two groups, including in-phase and sham stimulation groups. We found that compared to the sham group, in-phase but not anti-phase beta-tACS significantly improved both response inhibition performance and beta synchronization of the inhibitory control network in Experiment 1. Furthermore, the increased beta synchronization was correlated with enhanced response inhibition. In an independent sample of Experiment 2, the enhanced response inhibition performance observed in the in-phase group was replicated. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Inibição Psicológica , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Voluntários Saudáveis , Estudantes , Universidades , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica
5.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 98(6): 329-337, jun. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221224

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo El objetivo es analizar la densidad vascular (DV) coroidea en individuos sanos y compararla con el grosor coroideo (GC). Materiales y métodos Estudio transversal incluyendo individuos entre 18 y 35 años, caucásicos y con longitud axial (LA) 21-26 mm. Se estudió la coroides con tomografía de coherencia óptica-angiografía (OCTA) Triton DRI (Topcon) y se obtuvo un cubo macular de 6x6 mm. El software dio los valores de GC automáticamente. Los valores de DV se obtuvieron mediante codificación en números de los colores de los mapas de DV. Resultados Se analizaron 102 ojos (51 pacientes). La edad media fue 27,32 ± 3,94 años, la presión intraocular media fue 18,07 ± 2,38 mmHg, y la LA media fue 23,71 ± 0,66 mm. El GC fue mayor en el eje vertical y menor al acercarse a los lados nasal y temporal. El mayor GC se encontró en la mácula superior. La mayor DV coroidea fue en la fóvea y en la región yuxtapapilar. La menor DV coroidea se halló en la mácula superior e inferior. Se encontraron correlaciones moderadas inversas entre GC y DV coroidea en las regiones yuxtapapilar e inferior. Conclusiones La coroides tiene un patrón de grosor diferente del de la retina. Los vasos coroideos representan un porcentaje muy alto de la coroides en las regiones peripapilar y fóvea. Por el contrario, la mácula superior e inferior muestra valores bajos de DV (AU)


Background and purpose The purpose is to analyze choroidal vascular density (VD) in healthy individuals and to compare it with choroidal thickness (CT). Materials and methods Cross-sectional study enrolling healthy individuals between 18 and 35 years old of Caucasian race and with an axial length (AL) 21–26 mm. Choroid was imaged with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) Triton DRI (Topcon) and a macular cube of 6 mm × 6 mm was obtained. CT values were automatically given by the software. VD values were obtained through codifying colors of the VD map into numbers. Results One hundred and two (51 patients) were analyzed. Mean age was 27.32 ± 3.94 years old, mean intraocular pressure was 18.07 ± 2.38 mmHg, and mean AL was 23.71 ± 0.66 mm. CT was higher in the vertical axis and lower when approaching nasal and temporal sides. The highest CT was in superior macula. The highest choroidal VD were in the fovea and in the juxtapapillary region. The lowest choroidal VD were found in superior and inferior macular areas. Moderate inverse correlations between CT and choroidal VD were found in the juxtapapillary and inferior regions. Conclusions The choroid has a thickness pattern that differs from retina. Choroidal vessels represent a very high percentage of choroid in the peripapillary region and in the fovea. On the contrary, superior and inferior macula reveals low values of VD (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Corioide/anatomia & histologia , Corioide/diagnóstico por imagem , Olho/irrigação sanguínea , Olho/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Voluntários Saudáveis , Valores de Referência
6.
Angiol. (Barcelona) ; 75(2): 101-105, Mar-Abr. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219060

RESUMO

La validez de una prueba diagnóstica se refiere a la capacidad de un test de identificar correctamente comoenfermo al paciente que es enfermo y como sano al que es sano. Hay que tener en cuenta que el punto de partidaes la comparación entre el resultado obtenido en nuestro test diagnóstico y los resultados obtenidos por lo queconsideramos prueba de referencia. en esta primera parte analizaremos conceptos como sensibilidad, especificidady valores predictivos (positivo y negativo), así como los cocientes de probabilidad o verosimilitud.(AU)


The validity of a diagnostic test refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify the patient who is sick as sick andthe one who is healthy as healthy. It must be considered that the starting point is the comparison of the resultobtained in our diagnostic test with the results obtained by what we consider to be the "gold standard" or refer-ence test. In this first part we will analyze concepts such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values (positive andnegative), as well as probability or likelihood ratios.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Voluntários Saudáveis , Pacientes
7.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 69(9): 536-543, Nov. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211676

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: Determinar la confiabilidad interevaluador en la medición ultrasonográfica (US) de la excursión diafragmática (ED) y la fracción de engrosamiento diafragmático (FED) realizada por profesionales de salud no médicos en voluntarios sanos. Participantes y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo en un hospital de tercer nivel en Cali, Colombia. Se realizaron mediciones a 30 voluntarios sanos escogidos mediante muestreo a conveniencia, sin antecedentes de enfermedades pulmonares, con edades entre los 18-60 años. Previamente se realizó una prueba piloto con 8 voluntarios sanos. Las mediciones US de ED y FED se basaron en protocolos publicados anteriormente. Cada evaluador observaba independientemente varios ciclos de respiración tranquila normal durante 3minutos para establecer una línea de base. Para evaluar la confiabilidad interevaluador en las mediciones de ED y FED se utilizó el índice de correlación intraclase (ICC), con intervalos de confianza del 95% y un p<0,05. Resultados: Se identificó concordancia sustancial en la medición de la ED en las ventanas esplénica y hepática debido a que el ICC fue mayor a 0,6 (p<0,05). La medición de la FED en la ventana hepática mostró concordancia leve tanto en el modo 2D como en el modo M (p>0,05). En la ventana esplénica la medición de la FED en el modo 2D se identificó concordancia regular y para el modo M se encontró una concordancia leve (p>0,05). Conclusiones: La US diafragmática constituye un método reproducible con aceptable confiabilidad interevaluador para la medición del grosor inspiratorio/espiratorio y con confiabilidad pobre para la medición de FED.(AU)


Background and objective: To determine the inter-rater reliability in the ultrasonographic (US) measurement of the diaphragmatic excursion (DE) and the diaphragm thickness fraction (DTF) performed by non-medical health professionals in healthy people. Participants and methods: Prospective observational study in a third level hospital in Cali, Colombia. Measurements were made to 30 healthy volunteers chosen by convenience sampling, without a history of lung diseases, with ages between 18-60 years. A pilot test was previously carried out with 8 healthy volunteers. US measurements of DE, and DTF were based on previously published protocols. Each assessor independently observed several cycles of normal quiet breathing for 3minutes to establish a baseline. The Intraclass Correlation Index (ICC) was used to evaluate the inter-rater reliability in the measurements of DE and DTF, with 95% confidence intervals and a P<.05. Results: Substantial agreement was identified in the measurement of DE in the splenic and hepatic windows because the ICC was greater than 0.6 (P<.05). The measurement of the DTF in the hepatic window showed slight agreement in both 2D and M modes (P>.05). In the splenic window, the measurement of the DTF in the 2D mode was found to be moderate agreement and for the M mode a slight agreement was found (P>.05).Conclusions: The diaphragmatic US constitutes a reproducible method with acceptable inter-rater reliability for the measurement of inspiratory/expiratory thickness, and with little reliability for the measurement of DTF.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Voluntários Saudáveis , Diafragma , Ultrassonografia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Diafragma/anormalidades , Estudos Prospectivos , Colômbia
8.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 56(1): 39-46, Ene - Mar 2022. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-204887

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad de Parkinson es un proceso neurodegenerativo progresivo e irreversible caracterizado por temblor de reposo, bradicinesia, rigidez y alteraciones del control postural, del equilibrio y de la marcha. El vendaje neuromuscular tiene un efecto de estimulación somatosensorial, con beneficios en el control postural. Método: Estudio piloto con grupo de intervención fisioterapia y grupo experimental (se añade el vendaje neuromuscular) en gastrocnemios y paravertebrales lumbares. Variables: escala de Berg, escala de Tinetti (subescala marcha), test 10m, TUG test, PDQ-39 y registro electromiográfico de gastrocnemios. Se realizaron 3 mediciones: T0 (basal), T1 (2 días postintervención) y T2 (a la semana postintervención); el PDQ-39 se administró en T0 y al mes postintervención. Resultados: Trece voluntarios (estadio III Hoehn y Yahr) fueron seleccionados tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión (9 mujeres y 4 varones). N=7 grupo experimental y N=6 grupo fisioterapia. El contraste intra-grupos mostró mejoras significativas a favor del grupo experimental en la escala de Berg (T1 y T2), la prueba de 10m (T2) y en la menor actividad muscular media de gastrocnemios (T1). El contraste inter-grupos evidenció, únicamente, diferencias en el registro electromiográfico de la contracción muscular del miembro inferior derecho, tras la aplicación del vendaje neuromuscular, en T1. Conclusiones: La aplicación del vendaje neuromuscular en los erectores del raquis lumbar y los gastrocnemios de manera bilateral, podría mejorar la marcha y el equilibrio, en sujetos con enfermedad de Parkinson en el estadio III de Hoehn y Yahr, pero su efecto no es superior al tratamiento fisioterápico convencional.(AU)


Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative process characterized by tremor at rest, bradykinesia, stiffness, disorders in postural control, balance and gait. Kinesiology tape has a somatosensory stimulating effect, with benefits in postural control. Method: A pilot study with a Physiotherapy Intervention Group and an Experimental Group (kinesiology tape was added) in gastrocnemius and lumbar spinal erectors. Outcome assessments were Berg scale, Tinetti scale (walking subscale), 10m test, TUG test, PDQ-39 and gastrocnemius electromyographic record. Three measurements were made: T0 (baseline), T1 (two days post-intervention) and T2 (one week post-intervention); PDQ-39 was administered at T0 and one month after the intervention. Results: Thirteen participants (stage III Hoehn and Yahr) were selected after applying the inclusion criteria (nine women and four men). N=7 Experimental Group and N=6 Physiotherapy Group. The intra-group contrast showed significant improvements in favor of the Experimental Group in Berg scale (T1 and T2), 10m test (T2) and in lower mean gastrocnemius muscle activity (T1). The inter-group contrast only evidenced differences in electromyographic recording of the muscle contraction of the right lower limb, after the application of kinesiology tape, in T1. Conclusions: The application of kinesiology tape in the lumbar spinal erectors and gastrocnemius bilaterally could improve gait and balance, in subjects with Parkinson's disease in Hoehn and Yahr stage III, but its effect is not superior to conventional physiotherapy treatment.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Fita Atlética/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Eletromiografia , Propriocepção , Postura , Equilíbrio Postural , Vértebras Lombares , Reabilitação , Voluntários Saudáveis , Projetos Piloto
9.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 55(1): 30-37, mar. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-227679

RESUMO

Introducción La fisioterapia respiratoria es parte imprescindible del tratamiento de las patologías hipersecretoras o con compromiso de la capacidad tusígena. Hasta el momento se desconoce el efecto del dispositivo de terapia de oscilación de alta frecuencia en la pared torácica (HFCWO) sobre la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios y los efectos sobre la mecánica respiratoria y la dinámica de los gases respiratorios. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir estos tres aspectos en sujetos sanos. Métodos Se midió la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios en 25 sujetos antes e inmediatamente después de terapia con HFCWO. Durante la sesión, se midieron continuamente los parámetros de ventilación, la dinámica de los gases respiratorios y la frecuencia cardiaca. Se llevaron a cabo dos sesiones idénticas por sujeto, separadas 24h. Se registraron los síntomas durante la sesión y las molestias experimentadas mediante escala analógica visual (EVA). Resultados La terapia con HFCWO produce un incremento de la ventilación asociado con una alteración de la dinámica de los gases respiratorios. También se aumenta la frecuencia cardiaca, sin modificación de la oxigenación tisular. No se observaron efectos sobre la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios. Hasta un 20% de los participantes indicó molestias importantes (EVA≥5/10) durante la sesión. Conclusiones Durante la aplicación de HFCWO en sujetos sanos se produce incremento en la ventilación y ritmo cardiaco. Sin embargo, aparecen efectos indeseables sobre la dinámica de los gases respiratorios y un grado elevado de intolerancia por parte de los voluntarios y no hay efectos sobre la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios (AU)


Introduction Chest physiotherapy is an essential part of the treatment of respiratory diseases with increased respiratory secretion and ineffective cough. To date, there have been no studies on the effect of high frequency chest wall oscillatory (HFCWO) therapy on respiratory muscle strength, ventilation and gas exchange. The aim of this study was therefore to assess these three factors in healthy participants. Methods Respiratory muscle strength was measured before and immediately after HFCWO therapy in 25 healthy participants. During the treatment, we continuously measured ventilation parameters, gas exchange, oxygen saturation and heart rate. All participants underwent HFCWO sessions twice (with 24hours difference) with the same procedure. Symptoms during the session and discomfort were measured with the visual analog scale (VAS). Results HFCWO therapy produced a change in breathing pattern with increased ventilation associated with altered gas exchange. Heart rate also increased, with no changes in oxygenation. There was no effect, either beneficial or deleterious, on the strength of respiratory muscles. Up to 20% of participants reported substantial discomfort (VAS≥5/10) during the session. Conclusions This study shows that, during the application of HFCWO therapy in healthy participants, ventilation and heart rate increased. However, there were undesirable effects on gas exchange with a high degree of intolerance among volunteers, with no effects on respiratory muscle strength (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Oscilação da Parede Torácica , Músculos Respiratórios/fisiologia , Exercícios Respiratórios/métodos , Mecânica Respiratória/fisiologia , Voluntários Saudáveis , Espirometria
10.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 49(2): 40-45, mar. 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-214236

RESUMO

Introduction and objectives Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is thought to be an autoimmune disease in a subpopulation of patients. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-22 (PTPN22) polymorphisms are considered to be one of the strongest contributing factors to autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential association of several PTPN22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with CSU in an Iranian population. Material and methods A total of 93 CSU patients and 100 healthy individuals were included in this study. Five SNPs within the PTPN22 gene were analyzed using TaqMan genotyping assays. The frequency of alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes of PTPN22 SNPs (rs12760457, rs2476601, rs1310182, rs1217414, and rs33996649) was investigated. Results A significantly higher prevalence of the rs1310182 T allele was observed among patients compared with controls [OR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.17–2.63); P = 0.007]. In addition, the rs1310182 CC genotype and TT genotype were 0.47 and 2.06 times more common in patients, respectively (P = 0.03). Moreover, haplotype analysis demonstrated that CGCGC, CGTGC, and TGCGC (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with CSU. No significant differences were observed between the patients and controls in the other analyzed PTPN22 SNPs. Conclusions Polymorphisms of the PTPN22 gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to CSU in the studied Iranian population (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 22/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Urticária/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Urticária/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Frequência do Gene , Haplótipos , Voluntários Saudáveis , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Alelos
11.
Ansiedad estrés ; 26(2/3): 83-90, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-199754

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Healthy volunteers participate in phase I clinical trials mainly in search of an economic compensation; their economic instability may constitute a vulnerability factor for anxiety/depression. OBJECTIVES: To select suitable and rapid screening tests for anxiety and depression in healthy volunteers, to know their socioeconomic situation and to identify the main reason for their participation. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, under a nonparametric statistical analysis and ROC curve analysis. Goldberg's Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS) (fast test) and the Beck Depression (BDI-II) and Anxiety (BAI) Inventories (standard tests) were applied to all participants. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-nine potential candidates were recruited; the average age was 32 years (SD = 8.8); 53.9% were students, 43.9% employers and 2.2% were unemployed; 85.6% had university studies, 13.7% secondary education and .7% primary studies. GADS, BDI-II and BAI results were: 24.5% volunteered with anxiety and 15.8% with depression (GADS); anxiety levels (BAI): 60.4% had null, 25.9% mild, 11.5% moderate and 2.2% severe; depression (BDI-II): 87.8% had null, 5.8% mild, 5.8% moderate and .7% severe. Socioeconomic characteristics: 48.2% low stratum, 43.2% medium, 5.7% medium high and 2.8% high. Motivations: 46.1% for economic compensation, 35.9% contribution to science, 14.4% for curiosity and 3.6% access to health. CONCLUSIONS: GADS shows insufficient capacity to discriminate between anxiety/depression and the use of BAI and BDI-II is suggested; anxiety and depression levels were higher in healthy volunteers than the prevalence in the general population but lower when compared to university population; employment status was mostly composed of university students with low socioeconomic characteristics and a high economic motivation


INTRODUCCIÓN: El motivo principal para participar como voluntario sano en un ensayo clínico fase I responde generalmente a aspectos de compensación económica, por tanto, su inestabilidad económica podría configurar un factor de vulnerabilidad a la ansiedad/depresión. Consecuentemente, sería conveniente utilizar test para valorar su estado mental. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión mediante test óptimos y confiables, conocer las características socioeconómicas y los motivos de participación de voluntarios sanos en ensayos clínicos en fase I. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, bajo un análisis estadístico no paramétrico y metodología de análisis de curvas ROC. RESULTADOS: Se encuestaron a 139 candidatos con media de edad de 32 años (DE: 8.8); el 53.9% estudiantes, el 43.9% trabajadores y el 2.2% desempleados; formación: el 85.6% universitaria, el 13.7% secundaria y el 0.7% primaria. Se seleccionó la Escala de Ansiedad-Depresión de Goldberg (EADG), el Inventario de Depresión (BDI-II) y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI); registrando: el 24.5% ansiedad y el 15.8% depresión (EADG); ansiedad (BAI): el 60.4% nula, el 25.9% leve, el 11.5% moderada y el 2.2% severa; depresión (BDI-II): el 87.8% nula, el 5.8% leve, el 5.8% moderada y el 0.7% severa. Las características socioeconómicas: el 48.2% estrato bajo, el 43.2% medio, el 5.7% medio alto y el 2.8% alto. Motivaciones: el 46.1% económicas, el 35.9% contribución a la ciencia, el 14.4% curiosidad y el 3.6% por acceso a salud. CONCLUSIONES: Los niveles de ansiedad y depresión encontrados superan la prevalencia en la población general, pero son inferiores a la población universitaria; EADG muestra insuficiente capacidad para distinguir entre ansiedad y depresión, se sugiere el uso de BAI y BDI-II; predominan características socioeconómicas bajas y motivaciones de participación económicas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Ensaios Clínicos Fase I como Assunto/psicologia , Voluntários Saudáveis/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Motivação , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Curva ROC
12.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 42(6): 286-294, nov.-dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197907

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La medición de la fuerza muscular respiratoria y la movilidad torácica tienen importancia en la evaluación clínica del sistema respiratorio en población pediátrica, sin embargo, sus valores pueden cambiar por las características de la población de cada país. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la fuerza muscular respiratoria y movilidad torácica en niños sanos de Cali, Colombia y analizar la correlación con medidas antropométricas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal. Se incluyeron niños sanos entre 8 y 11 años de un colegio de Cali, Colombia a quienes se les midió la fuerza muscular respiratoria con la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima (PIM) y Presión Espiratoria Máxima (PEM) y la movilidad torácica con la cirtometría axilar y xifoidea. También se tomaron las medidas antropométricas peso, talla e IMC para la edad. RESULTADOS: Se admitieron 89 niños, un 50,6% de sexo femenino y con IMC en normopeso para la edad del 62,9%. Mediana de PIM -60,0 cmH2O (Rango Intercuartílico [RIQ] 44,0) y PEM 49,0 cmH2O (RIQ 19,0). Mediana de cirtometría axilar 4,5 cm (RIQ 1,6) y xifoidea 4,7 cm (RIQ 1,7). La PIM tuvo correlación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) para la edad (rs = 0,23 p = 0,030), la cirtometría axilar con el peso (rs = 0,35; p = 0,001) y el IMC para la edad (rs = 0,31; p = 0,003), la cirtometría xifoidea con el peso (rs = 0,24; p = 0,027) y la talla (rs = 0,22; p = 0,037). No hubo correlación entre la PIM-PEM y cirtometría. DISCUSIÓN: La fuerza muscular respiratoria y la movilidad torácica dependen de los cambios experimentados en el crecimiento del infante y de características diferenciales entre niños y niñas durante la pubertad


INTRODUCTION: The measurement of respiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility are important in clinical assessment of the respiratory system in the paediatric population, however, their values can change according to the characteristics of the population of each country. The objective of the study was to describe respiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility in healthy children from Cali, Colombia, and analyse their correlation with anthropometric measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study. We included healthy children between 8 and 11 years old, from a school in Cali, Colombia, whose respiratory muscle strength was measured with Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) and thoracic mobility with axillary and xiphoid cirtometry. Anthropometric measurements were taken, such as weight, height and BMI-for-age. RESULTS: 89 children were admitted, most were female (50.6%) and with normal BMI-for-age (62.9%). Median MIP -60.0 cmH2O (IQR 44.0) and MEP 49.0 cmH2O (IQR 19.0). Median axillary cirtometry 4.5 cm (IQR 1.6) and xiphoid cirtometry 4.7 cm (IQR 1.7). MIP correlated with BMI-for-age (rs = 0.23 p = 0.030), axillary cirtometry with weight (rs = 0.35 p = 0.001) and BMI-for-age (rs = 0.31 p = 0.003), xiphoid cirtometry with weight (rs = 0.24 p = 0.027) and height (rs = 0.22 p = 0.037). There was no correlation between MIP-MEP and cirtometry. DISCUSSION: Respiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility depend on changes in the growth of the infant and differential characteristics between boys and girls during puberty


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculos Respiratórios/fisiologia , Parede Torácica/fisiologia , Voluntários Saudáveis , Antropometria , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Estudos Transversais , Peso-Estatura/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Processo Xifoide/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Variância
13.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 32(5): 193-199, sept.-oct. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-196742

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: Se ha demostrado que el inflamasoma NLRP1 es clave en la disfunción endotelial, estando las plaquetas implicadas en las reacciones inflamatorias que la desencadenan. Investigamos la inhibición in vivo de la inflamación plaquetario-dependiente mediante inhibición del receptor P2Y vía ADP comparada con la de la enzima COX sobre la transcripción del NLRP1 en las células endoteliales. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, abierto y cruzado con 2 periodos de inhibición plaquetaria en 20 voluntarios sanos, administrando clopidogrel 75mg/día/7días y aspirina 100mg/día/7días de forma cruzada tras un periodo de lavado de una semana. Las células endoteliales aórticas humanas (HAEC) fueron estimuladas 2h con plasma obtenido de los pacientes antes y después de la inhibición plaquetaria. La cuantificación de la expresión de NLRP1 se determinó mediante análisis qRT PCR. RESULTADOS: Las HAEC expuestas a plasma basal de individuos sanos presentaron niveles más elevados del NLRP1 que las expuestas a plasma de los participantes tras la administración de aspirina o clopidogrel [cuantificación relativa (CR), 1,077±0,05 vs. 1,002±0,06; OR, 1,8; IC95, 1,1-2,9; p < 0,01 y 1,077±0,05 vs. 1,04±0,03; OR, 1,7; IC95, 1,2-2,6; p < 0,001, respectivamente]. La expresión del NLRP1 en HAEC expuestas a plasma de los participantes tras la administración de aspirina o clopidogrel fue similar a las HAEC sin exposición a plasma humano (PBS) [CR 1,002±0,06 vs. 1,009±0,03; OR, 0,9; IC95, 0,5-1,4; p = 0,7 y 1,04±0,03 vs. 1,009±0,03; OR, 0,8; IC95, 0,3-1,2; p = 0,5, respectivamente]. No hubo diferencias en el porcentaje de reducción del NLRP1 en las HAEC expuestas al plasma tras la toma de aspirina comparado con la provocada por el plasma de estos mismos sujetos tras clopidogrel (3,8% vs. 2,8%, p = 0,3, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: La inhibición plaquetaria por vías P2Y y COX provoca similar efecto en la inhibición del inflamasoma proaterogénico NLRP1 en las HAEC


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: NRP1 inflammasome is crucial in endothelial dysfunction. Platelets are mandatory for the inflammation that precedes it. Aspirin could inhibit NLRP1 inflammasome in endothelial cells, and clopidogrel could also provoke a reduction in vascular inflammation. A study was carried out on the influence of platelet inflammatory inhibition by P2Y receptor inhibition versus COX enzyme inhibition on the transcription of NLRP1 inflammasome in endothelial cells. METHODS: An open-label, prospective, randomised crossover study with two periods of platelet inhibition enrolled 20 healthy volunteers. They received clopidogrel 75mg/day/7days and aspirin 100mg/day/7days. A venous blood sample was collected from all participants before and after this period. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were exposed for 2h in cultures. NLRP1 gene expression was then analysed in these cultures. RESULTS: HAEC cultures that were exposed to baseline plasma showed higher expression of NLRP1 than HAECs exposed to plasma after one week of aspirin or clopidogrel intake [relative quantification (RQ), 1.077±0.05 vs. 1.002±0.06; OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9; P<.01 and 1.077±0.05 vs. 1.04±0.03; OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6; P<.001, respectively]. NLRP1 expression in HAEC cultures exposed to plasma after one week of aspirin or clopidogrel was similar to that observed in control HAECs that was no exposed to human plasma (PBS) [RQ; 1.002±0.06 vs. 1.009±0.03; OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5-1.4; P=.7, and 1.04±0.03 vs. 1.009±0.03; OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3-1.2; P=.5, respectively]. No difference was observed in NLRP1 percentage reduction in HAEC after aspirin or clopidogrel exposure (3.8% vs. 2.8%, P=.3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Platelet inhibition by P2Y pathway is similar to COX pathway in NLRP1 expression inhibition in HAECs


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Inflamassomos/antagonistas & inibidores , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Clopidogrel/administração & dosagem , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Voluntários Saudáveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/efeitos dos fármacos
14.
Rev. esp. cir. oral maxilofac ; 42(3): 97-106, jul.-sept. 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-196625

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los trastornos internos (TI) de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) constituyen la condición clínica articular más frecuente en pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM). Presentes hasta en un 80-90 % de los casos sintomáticos, no se sabe por qué, su presencia en sujetos asintomáticos no causa dolor ni disfunción. En contraposición, una posición normal del disco ha sido descrita en un 16-23 % de pacientes sintomáticos. OBJETIVOS: Analizar la prevalencia de TI de la ATM en sujetos voluntarios asintomáticos y qué características clínico-radiológicas podrían favorecer su presencia o desarrollo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Se seleccionaron 43 sujetos de una población de 253 residentes que realizaban su formación médica especializada. El estudio fue desarrollado en varias fases. Fase I: Anamnesis y examen clínico. Empleo del índice craneomandibular de Fricton (ICM); Fase II: Adquisición y evaluación de imágenes de Resonancia Magnética (RMN). Las imágenes fueron procesadas a formato DICOM 4.0 y evaluadas por dos examinadores externos. Fase III: Análisis morfoestructural de las ATM. Las imágenes de RMN fueron analizadas empleando el programa informático Osirix® V 3.5.1. RESULTADOS: Setenta y dos articulaciones (pertenecientes a 36 sujetos) fueron finalmente analizadas. La edad media fue de 28,39 ± 3,70 años con una distribución por sexos de 47,2 % hombres y de 52,8 % mujeres. El análisis inferencial mostró resultados estadísticamente significativos en relación con las variables sexo (p = 0,021), chasquido articular (p = 0,007), valor del ICM (p = 0,000296), morfología discal (p = 1,032 X 10-8), morfología condilar (p = 2,116 X 10-8), posición condilar en el interior de la ATM (longitudes posterior y superior, p = 5,385 X 10-9; p = 0,000245, respectivamente) y morfología de la fosa articular (p = 0,024). CONCLUSIONES: Existe una elevada prevalencia de TI de la ATM en los sujetos asintomáticos analizados. Ciertos criterios clínicos (chasquido articular) y radiológicos (morfología discal alargada/doblada, cóndilo y fosa aplanados y posición más posterior y craneal del cóndilo mandibular) podrían ser considerados como predictores o relacionados con la presencia de desplazamiento discal. El ICM podría constituir una herramienta útil en el diagnóstico de patología articular de la ATM


INTRODUCTION: Internal derangements (IDs) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) constitute the most common clinical joint condition in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Present in up to 80-90 % of symptomatic cases, it is not known why, its presence in asymptomatic subjects does not cause pain or dysfunction. In contrast, a normal position of the disc has been described in 16-23 % of symptomatic patients. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of IDs of the TMJ in asymptomatic voluntary subjects and what clinical-radiological characteristics could favor their presence or development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was designed. Fortythree subjects from a population of 253 residents who performed their training program were selected. The study was carried out in several phases. Phase I: Anamnesis and clinical examination. Use of the Fricton Cranio-mandibular Index (CMI); Phase II: Acquisition and evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The images were processed in DICOM 4.0 format and evaluated by two external examiners. Phase III: Morpho-structural analysis of the TMJs. The MRI were analyzed using the Osirix® V 3.5.1 Software. RESULTS: Seventy-two joints (belonging to 36 subjects) were finally analyzed. The mean age was 28.39 ± 3.70 years with a distribution by sex of 47.2% men and 52.8 % women. The inferential analysis showed statistically significant results in relation to the variables sex (p = 0.021), joint click (p = 0.007), CMI value (p = 0.000296), disc morphology (p = 1.032x10-8), condylar morphology (p = 2.116x10-8) and condylar position inside the TMJ ((posterior and superior lengths, p = 5.385x10-9; p = 0.000245, respectively) and morphology of the joint fossa (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of IDs in asymptomatic subjects is present in our study. Certain clinical (joint clicking) and radiological criteria (an elongated or bent disc morphology, a flattened condyle and fossa and a more posterior and cranial position of the mandibular condyle) could be considered as predictors or be related to the presence of disc displacement. The CMI could be a useful tool in the diagnosis of joint pathology of the TMJ


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/epidemiologia , Disco da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Doenças Assintomáticas/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/diagnóstico , Voluntários Saudáveis/classificação , Estudos Transversais
15.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(4): 244-250, jul.-ago. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197329

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: El cartílago articular (CA) siempre está afectado en cualquier articulación con artrosis (A). La ecografía puede ser una herramienta útil en la monitorización de los cambios en el CA. El propósito del presente estudio es medir ecográficamente el grosor del CA en el fémur distal en jóvenes estudiantes y determinar su relación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC), masa muscular, grasa corporal y la práctica deportiva. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal observacional con voluntarios sanos, entre 15 y 25 años. Se recogieron datos antropométricos y se midió el grosor del cartílago femoral de la rodilla en cinco puntos. Además, se midió en un subgrupo el porcentaje de músculo y de grasa corporal. RESULTADOS: En el estudio se incluyeron 100 sujetos. La edad promedio fue de 20 años (± 2,5). El IMC promedio fue 23 kg/m2 (± 3,1). El CA tuvo un mayor grosor en los hombres y en los deportistas vs. las mujeres y los sedentarios, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Al comparar el IMC con el grosor del CA no se encontró ninguna relación significativa; sin embargo, sólo dos participantes tenían IMC > 30. CONCLUSIONES: El grosor del cartílago tiene una relación directamente proporcional con el porcentaje de músculo, e inversamente proporcional con el porcentaje de grasa. El IMC no es un buen parámetro al evaluar el comportamiento dinámico del cartílago en jóvenes no obesos


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Articular cartilage (AC) is always affected in any joint with osteoarthritis. Ultrasound can be a useful tool in monitoring changes in the AC. The purpose of the present study is to ultrasound measure the thickness of the AC in the distal femur in young students and determine its relationship with body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, body fat and sports practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with healthy volunteers, between 15 and 25 years old. Anthropometric data were collected and the thickness of the femoral cartilage of the knee was measured at 5 points. In addition, the percentage of muscle and body fat was measured in a subgroup. RESULTS: 100 subjects were included in the study. The average age was 20 years (± 2.5). The average BMI was 23 kg/m2 (± 3.1). AC was thicker in men and sportsmen, versus women and sedentary people, with a statistically significant difference. When comparing BMI with AC thickness no significant relationship was found; however, only 2 participants had BMI > 30. CONCLUSIONS: Cartilage thickness has a direct relationship with the percentage of muscle, and inversely with the percentage of fat. BMI is not a good parameter when evaluating the dynamic behaviour of cartilage in non-obese youths


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Articulação do Joelho/anatomia & histologia , Cartilagem Articular/diagnóstico por imagem , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Esportes/estatística & dados numéricos , Voluntários Saudáveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Variação Biológica da População , Índice de Massa Corporal , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Impedância Elétrica
16.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 71(3): 175-280, mayo-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-192633

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Presbycusis or age-related hearing loss is a bilaterally symmetric sensorineural hearing loss associated exclusively with age, excluding any other causes of hearing loss. Presbycusis is very relevant because of its high prevalence, and its consequences (e.g., alterations in communication, social isolation, depression, dementia), and the economic impact. This paper reports the first attempt to estimate the prevalence of presbycusis in an otologically normal population, i.e., without previous ear disease, exposure to noise, or potentially ototoxic substances, or familial hearing loss. METHODS: A total of 4290 subjects from 5 to 90 years old were included in the study. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between right and left ear, nor between males and females, in any of the age groups. Presbycusis was detected over 60 years following the WHO classification; although the results vary depending on the classification used. Moderate hearing loss (≥ 41 dB) was detected in the population over 72 years. None of the subjects had severe or profound hearing impairment. The prevalence of presbycusis increased with age, being 100% in individuals aged 80 years and older. The prevalence of presbycusis is highly variable depending on the pure-tone averaged frequencies and the classification system used; therefore, a common classification system should be used. CONCLUSIONS: An otologically normal population is needed to establish the prevalence of presbycusis as in non-screened populations it is the hearing level including all types of hearing loss that is measured, but not presbycusis itself


ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: La presbiacusia o pérdida auditiva relacionada con la edad, es una hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral y simétrica asociada exclusivamente a la edad. La presbiacusia es muy relevante debido a su alta prevalencia y sus consecuencias (alteraciones en la comunicación, aislamiento social, depresión, demencia) y el impacto económico. Este es el primer trabajo que aporta datos sobre la prevalencia de la presbiacusia en una población otológicamente normal, es decir, sin enfermedad auditiva previa, exposición a ruido o sustancias potencialmente ototóxicas o pérdida de audición familiar. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Un total de 4.290 sujetos de 5 a 90 años de edad fueron incluidos en el estudio. RESULTADOS: No se encontraron diferencias entre el oído derecho y el izquierdo, ni entre varones y mujeres. La presbiacusia se detectó a partir de los 60 años siguiendo la clasificación de la OMS, aunque los resultados varían dependiendo de la clasificación utilizada. Se detectó hipoacusia moderada (≥ 41dB) en la población mayor de 72 años. Ninguno de los sujetos tenía hipoacusia grave o profunda. La prevalencia de presbiacusia aumentó con la edad, siendo del 100% en individuos de 80 años o más. La prevalencia de la presbiacusia es altamente variable dependiendo de las frecuencias promediadas y del sistema de clasificación utilizado; por lo tanto, debería utilizarse un sistema de clasificación común. CONCLUSIONES: Para establecer la prevalencia de la presbiacusia se necesita una población otológicamente normal ya que, si la población no está cribada, lo que se mide es la hipoacusia que incluye todos los tipos de pérdida auditiva, pero no la presbiacusia de forma aislada


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Presbiacusia/epidemiologia , Presbiacusia/classificação , Voluntários Saudáveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Audiometria , Análise de Variância , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia
17.
Rev. andal. med. deporte ; 13(2): 60-64, jun. 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Português | IBECS | ID: ibc-194365

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Analisar e comparar a atividade eletromiográfica (domínio temporal e espectral) dos músculos reto do abdome, oblíquo externo do abdome, oblíquo interno do abdome, eretor da espinha e multífido no exercício prancha ventral em superfície instável: bosu normal e invertido, durante 45 segundos de contração isométrica. MÉTODO: Quinze voluntários, adultos jovens, saudáveis e fisicamente ativos (21.73 ± 1.31 anos, estatura 177.10 ± 3.90 cm; 74.27 ± 5.38 kg, e 10.97 ± 1.60 % gordura corporal), sem histórico de lombalgia. O sinal eletromiográfica foi analisado no domínio temporal e espectral em três etapas distintas em cada exercício: Início (ETAPA A: 5 a 10 segundos), meio (ETAPA B: 20 a 25 segundos) e fim (ETAPA C: 40 a 45 segundos) e normalizado pela contração isométrica voluntária máxima. Utilizou eletrodos de superfície diferenciais simples com ganho de 20 vezes. No tratamento estatístico foi aplicado teste ANOVA two-way, com post hoc de Sidak (p < 0.05). RESULTADOS: Foi demonstrada similaridade na atividade eletromiográfica no domínio temporal de todos os músculos comparando bosu normal e invertido. Além disso, os resultados exibiram aumento da atividade eletromiográfica e redução da frequência mediana (slope negativo) durante as diferentes etapas em ambos os exercícios. CONCLUSÃO: Devido à similaridade de atividade eletromiográfica, a escolha da utilização da bosu normal ou invertido não se difere para indivíduos treinados, entretanto, a escolha do tempo de 45 segundos é uma estratégia interessante para aumentar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos do core e trabalhar a resistência à fadiga muscular, fatores imprescindíveis para prevenção de lombalgia


OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre la actividad electromiográfica de los músculos Reto del Abdomen, Oblicuo Externo, Oblicuo Interno, Eretor de la Espina y Multífido en el ejercicio tabla ventral en superficie inestable: bosu normal e invertido, durante 45 segundos de contracción isométrica. MÉTODO: Quince voluntarios, adultos jóvenes, sanos y físicamente activos (21.73 + 1.31 años, estatura 177.10 + 3.90 cm, 74.27 + 5.38 kg, y 10.97 + 1.60% Grasa Corporal), sin antecedentes de lumbalgia. La señal electromiográfica se analizó, en el dominio temporal y espectral, en tres etapas distintas en cada ejercicio: inicio (ETAPA A: 5 y 10 segundos), medio (ETAPA B: 20 y 25 segundos) y fin (ETAPA C: 40 y 45 segundos). Se utilizaron electrodos de superficie diferenciales simples con una ganancia de 20 veces, y la señal fue analizada en el dominio temporal y normalizada por la máxima contracción isométrica voluntaria. En el tratamiento estadístico se aplicó la prueba de Shapiro Wilk y ANOVA bidireccional, con post hoc de Sidak (p <0.05) para la señal electromiográfica de cada músculo. RESULTADOS: Hubo diferencias significativas entre las fases para todos los músculos, con énfasis en el recto del abdomen y oblicuo externo en las fases B y C e interacción significativa entre el ejercicio y la fase para todos los músculos. El bosu normal e invertido demostraron semejanza en la actividad electromiográfica para todos los músculos, pero en etapas diferentes (C y B / C, respectivamente). CONCLUSIÓN: Debido a la semejanza de actividad electromiográfica, la elección de la utilización de bosu normal e invertido es similar para individuos entrenados, sin embargo, la elección del tiempo de 45 segundos es una estrategia interesante para aumentar la actividad electrromiográfica de los músculos del core y trabajar la resistencia a la fatiga muscular, factores imprescindibles para la prevención de la lumbalgia


OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, erector spinae and multífido muscles in the bridge exercise with an unstable surface: normal and inverted bosu, for 45 seconds of isometric contraction. METHOD: Fifteen volunteers, young, healthy and physically active adults (21.73 ± 1.31 years, height 177.10 ± 3.90 cm, 74.27 ± 5.38 kg, and 10.97 ± 1.60% Body Fat), with no history of low back pain. The electromyographic signal was analyzed in three different steps in each exercise: start (STAGE A: 5 and 10 seconds), middle (STAGE B: 20 and 25 seconds) and end (STAGE C: 40 and 45 seconds). Simple differential surface electrodes with 20-fold gain were used and the signal was analyzed in the temporal domain and normalized by the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. In the statistical treatment, the Shapiro Wilk test and two-way ANOVA, with Sidak post hoc test (p <0.05) were applied to the electromyographic signal of each muscle. RESULTS: There were significant differences between phases for all muscles, with emphasis on rectus abdominus and external oblique in phases B and C and a significant interaction between exercise and phase for all muscles. normal and inverted bosu demonstrated similarity in electromyographic activity for all muscles, but at different stages (C and B / C, respectively). CONCLUSION: Due to the similarity of electromyographic activity, the choice of using normal or inverted bosu does not differ for trained individuals, however, choosing a 45-second time is an interesting strategy to increase the electromyographic activity of core muscles and to work resistance to muscle fatigue, essential factors for the prevention of low back pain


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Dor Lombar/prevenção & controle , Eletromiografia/métodos , Músculos Abdominais Oblíquos/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Voluntários Saudáveis , Análise de Variância
18.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 94(12): 579-584, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-190008

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describir las características morfométricas y espesor de la capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina (CFNR) en pacientes sanos usando la tomografía de coherencia óptica. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y descriptivo. Un total de 184 ojos de 184 personas de etnia mestiza fueron inscritos después de una evaluación oftalmológica completa en el Instituto Nacional de Oftalmología, Lima-Perú. Se midieron los parámetros morfométricos del disco óptico y espesor de la CFNR mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica ZEISS CIRRUS(TM) HD-OCT Modelo 5000 (Carl Zeiss Inc., Dublin, CA, EE.UU). Megalopapila fue definida como: área del disco óptico > 2,5 mm2 y área mayor que la media más 2 desviaciones estándar. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un área de disco óptico de 2,21 ± 0,43 mm2, anillo neurorretinal de 1,37 ± 0,25 mm2, excavación de 0,84 ± 0,48 mm2; promedio de ratio excavación/disco de 0,58 ± 0,16, ratio excavación/disco vertical de 0,55 ± 0,15 y un espesor de CFNR 100,30 ± 8,54 μm. La prevalencia de megalopapila fue del 24 y 4%, considerando un área de disco > 2,5 mm2 y 3,07 mm2 respectivamente. Al comparar megalopapilas con discos normales, el área del anillo (p = 0,08) y espesor de CFNR (p = 0,73) no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. CONCLUSIÓN: El área de disco fue 2,21 ± 0,43 mm2 con un espesor de CFNR 100,30±8,54μm. La prevalencia de megalopapila fue del 24 y 4%, considerando un área de disco>2,5mm2 y 3,07mm2 respectivamente. Las megalopapilas y los discos normales son similares en términos de área del anillo y espesor de CFNR


OBJECTIVE: To describe the morphometric characteristics and thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (CFNR) in healthy patients using optical coherence tomography. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on a total of 184 eyes of 184 people of mestizo origin enrolled after a complete ophthalmological evaluation at the National Institute of Ophthalmology, Lima-Peru. The morphometric parameters of the optic disc and thickness of the CFNR were measured by optical coherence tomography ZEISS CIRRUS(TM) HD-OCT Model 5000 (Carl Zeiss Inc., Dublin, CA, EE.UU). Megalopapilla was defined as: area of the optical disc greater than 2.5 mm2 and area greater than the mean plus 2 standard deviations. RESULTS: The areas obtained were: optical disc of 2.21 ± 0.43 mm2, neuroretinal ring of 1.37 ± 0.25 mm2, 0.84 ± 0.48 mm2 cup; mean cup/disc ratio of 0.58 ± 0.16, vertical cup/disc ratio of 0.55 ± 0.15, and a CFNR thickness of 100.30 ± 8.54 μm. The prevalence of megalopapilla, being considered as a disc area greater than 2.5 mm2 and 3.07, was 24% and 4%, respectively. When comparing megalopapilla with normal discs, the area of the ring (P = .08) and thickness of CFNR (P = .73) did not show statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: The mean disc area was 2.21±0.43mm2 with a CFNR thickness of 100.30 ± 8.54 μm. The prevalence of megalopapilla was 24% and 4%, considering a disc area greater than 2.5 mm2 and 3.07 mm2, respectively. These results show that the megalopapilla and normal discs are similar in terms of ring area and CFNR thickness


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fibras Nervosas , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Voluntários Saudáveis , Estudos Transversais , Disco Óptico/anatomia & histologia , Tamanho do Órgão , Peru/etnologia , Padrões de Referência , Retina/anatomia & histologia , Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos
19.
Nutr. hosp ; 36(5): 1081-1086, sept.-oct. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184630

RESUMO

Introduction: Stevia rebaudiana extracts can be used as a sweetener due to their glycoside content: specifically stevioside and rebaudioside. Both compounds have adequate pharmacological characteristics for human consumption. Objective: the aim of this study was to standardize the formulation of marmalades using nopal-pineapple-stevia aqueous extract ratios. Methods: the products were evaluated to determine their physicochemical properties, in vitro inhibition of α-amylase and glycemia in healthy volunteers. Storage study was conducted for 20 days at room temperature 23-30 °C and relative humidity 80-85%. Results: incorporation of stevia significantly modified physicochemical properties like °Brix, color and flow index. After storage, the presence of molds and bacteria were not detected. Sensory evaluation indicated that marmalade with 50% stevia replacement was equally accepted as marmalade with sucrose. Marmalade with 50 and 100% of stevia inhibited 35.89 and 38.50% of the α-amylase activity. After an intake of 30 g, it seems that marmalades with stevia had a significant effect on the glycemia of the volunteers. Conclusions: however, further studies with larger doses of nopal-pineapple-stevia marmalade and consumed for longer in both healthy volunteers and patients with diabetes are needed to achieve results that are more precise


Introducción: los extractos de Stevia rebaudiana pueden ser utilizados como edulcorante debido a su contenido de glucósidos: específicamente esteviósido y rebaudiósido. Ambos compuestos presentan características farmacológicas adecuadas para el consumo humano. Objetivos: el objetivo del presente trabajo fue estandarizar formulaciones de mermeladas con diferentes proporciones de nopal-piña-extracto acuoso de stevia. Métodos: se estudiaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas de las mermeladas, su capacidad de inhibir in vitro a la enzima α-amilasa y la glicemia en voluntarios sanos. Los estudios de vida de anaquel se efectuaron durante 20 días a temperatura ambiente 23-30 °C y humedad relativa 80-85%. Resultados: la incorporación de estevia modificó significativamente los grados Brix, el color y el índice de flujo de las mermeladas. Concluido el estudio de anaquel, no se observó la presencia de hongos o bacterias. La evaluación sensorial indicó que la mermelada con 50% de estevia fue aceptada con el mismo nivel de agrado que la mermelada con sacarosa. Las mermeladas con 50 y 100% de estevia inhibieron la actividad de la α-amilasa con valores de 35.89% y 38.50%, respectivamente. Posterior a una ingesta de 30 g de mermelada se observó un efecto significativo en la glicemia de voluntarios sanos. Conclusiones: deberán efectuarse estudios de consumo prolongado y de mayores cantidades de mermelada tanto en voluntarios sanos como con diabetes para obtener resultados más precisos


Assuntos
Humanos , Geleia de Frutas , Ananas/enzimologia , Físico-Química/métodos , alfa-Amilases/biossíntese , Stevia/química , Ananas/química , Voluntários Saudáveis , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Glicemia/análise , Índice Glicêmico
20.
Nutr. hosp ; 36(5): 1133-1138, sept.-oct. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184637

RESUMO

Introduction: CD36 is a membrane protein that functions as a lingual receptor for lipids. The soluble CD36 fraction (sCD36) may correlate oral fatty acid fat taste sensitivity to body mass index (BMI) and adiposity. Objectives: to determine if the oral fatty acid taste sensitivity in healthy young individuals of both sexes is related to serum sCD36 levels, adiposity and BMI. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 72 healthy young individuals (18-25 years). Serum sCD36 was quantified for all subjects. Oral fatty acid taste sensitivity was determined using an ascending series of the three-alternate forced choice methodology. Additionally, BMI was calculated using anthropometry, and adiposity was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis. Results: there was a positive correlation between BMI and the oral fatty acid taste sensitivity threshold (r = 0.277, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between BMI and serum sCD36 levels (r = -0.035, p < 0.01). Adiposity negatively correlated with the sCD36 levels only in women (r = -0.359, p < 0.05). The threshold for oral sensitivity to fatty acids in overweight individuals was 1.0 (IQR 1.16) mM vs 0.2 (IQR 0.29) mM in healthy weight individuals (p < 0.05), while sCD36 levels were 26.1 pg/ml (IQR 32.9) and 77.97 pg/ml (IQR 560.66) in overweight and normal weight individuals, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BMI positively correlates with the oral sensitivity threshold of fatty acids and negatively correlates with serum sCD36 levels. The threshold of oral sensitivity to fatty acids was significantly higher in overweight subjects, while sCD36 levels were significantly higher in the group of normal weight individuals


Introducción: CD36 es una proteína de membrana que funciona como receptor lingual para lípidos. La fracción soluble del CD36 (sCD36) podría correlacionar la sensibilidad gustativa a los ácidos grasos orales con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y con la adiposidad. Objetivos: determinar si la sensibilidad gustativa a ácidos grasos orales se relaciona con los niveles séricos de sCD36, la adiposidad y el IMC en jóvenes de ambos sexos. Métodos: estudio transversal en 72 adultos jóvenes (18-25 años). Se cuantificaron los niveles séricos de sCD36 para todos los sujetos. Se determinó la sensibilidad gustativa a los ácidos grasos orales usando la prueba triangular discriminatoria de concentraciones escaladas. Adicionalmente, se calculó el IMC usando antropometría y se determinó la adiposidad por análisis de bioimpedancia. Resultados: se encontró correlación positiva entre el IMC y el umbral de sensibilidad gustativa a los ácidos grasos orales (r = 0,277, p < 0,05) y una correlación negativa entre el IMC y los niveles séricos de sCD36 (r = -0,035, p < 0,01). La adiposidad, solo en mujeres se correlacionó negativamente con los niveles de sCD36 (r = -0,359, p < 0,05). El umbral para la sensibilidad gustativa a ácidos grasos orales en sujetos con sobrepeso fue 1,0 (IQR 1,16) mM vs. 0,2 (IQR 0,29) mM en sujetos con peso normal (p < 0,05), mientras que los niveles séricos de sCD36 fueron de 26,1 pg/ml (IQR 32,9) en sujetos con sobrepeso y 77,97 pg/ml (IQR 560,66) en sujetos con peso normal, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: el IMC se correlaciona positivamente con el umbral para la sensibilidad oral a los ácidos grasos y negativamente se correlaciona con los niveles séricos de sCD36. El umbral de sensibilidad oral a los ácidos grasos fue significativamente mayor en sujetos con sobrepeso, mientras que los niveles de sCD36 fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo de sujetos con peso normal


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Ácidos Graxos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Antígenos CD36/sangue , Adiposidade , Voluntários Saudáveis , Impedância Elétrica
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