Oxyurid nematodes of pet rodents in Slovakia - a neglected zoonotic threat / Nematódeos oxiurídeos de roedores de estimação na Eslováquia - uma ameaça zoonótica negligenciada

Abstract The role of rodents as reservoirs of helminths of public health importance is not well known. The zoonotic potential of Syphacia spp. has been confirmed; therefore, the study aimed to estimate the occurrence of oxyurid nematodes in small rodents from pet shops and breeding clubs in Slovakia. Fecal samples of 586 pet rodents kept in 133 cages were collected between 2016 and 2018 and examined by Faust´s flotation method. Four species of oxyurid nematodes, Syphacia muris, S. obvelata, Aspiculuris tetraptera and Paraspidodera uncinata were detected. A. tetraptera was found in the faecal samples of all rodent species included in this survey. The number of positive boxes varied from 5.4% in hamsters to 70.0% with mice. The prevalence of Syphacia muris was highest in Mongolian gerbils where up to 75.0% boxes were positive; S. obvelata was found in 26.7% of boxes with mice, 25.0% of boxes with Mongolian gerbils and 3.2% of boxes with rats. The high prevalence of Syphacia spp. in all animal species points out the infection risk for humans. Animals offered for sale are often in close contact with human beings; therefore they should be regularly tested for parasites and then effectively dewormed.

Resumo O papel dos roedores como reservatórios de helmintos de importância para a saúde pública não é bem conhecido. O potencial zoonótico de Syphacia spp. foi confirmado; portanto, o estudo teve como objetivo estimar a ocorrência de nematóides oxiurídeos em pequenos roedores de pet shops e clubes de reprodução na Eslováquia. Amostras fecais de 586 roedores mantidos em 133 gaiolas foram coletadas entre 2016 e 2018 e examinadas pelo método de flotação de Faust. Foram detectadas quatro espécies de nematódeos oxiurídeos, Syphacia muris, S. obvelata, Aspiculuris tetraptera e Paraspidodera uncinata, A. tetraptera foi encontrado nas amostras fecais de todas as espécies de roedores incluídas nesta pesquisa. O número de gaiolas positivas variou de 5,4% em hamsters a 70,0% em camundongos. A prevalência de Syphacia muris foi maior nos gerbilos da Mongólia, onde até 75,0% das gaiolas foram positivas; S. obvelata foi encontrada em 26,7% das gaiolas com camundongos, 25,0% das gaiolas com gerbilos da Mongólia e 3,2% das gaiolas com ratos. A alta prevalência de Syphacia spp. em todas as espécies animais aponta o risco de infecção para os seres humanos. Animais oferecidos para venda estão frequentemente em contato próximo com seres humanos; portanto, eles devem ser regularmente testados quanto a parasitas e, então, efetivamente desparasitados.

Trypanoxyuris (Paraoxyuronema) lagothricis (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) in Lagothrix cana (Primates: Atelidae) from Brazil / Trypanoxyuris (Paraoxyuronema) lagothricis (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) em Lagothrix cana (Primates: Atelidae) no Brasil

During necropsy of a specimen of Lagothrix cana (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Atelidae) from the Brazilian Amazon, pinworms were found in the large intestine. The intensity of infection was 64 parasites (17 males and 47 females) and there were no gross pathological changes related to parasitism. After morphological analysis the parasites were identified as Trypanoxyuris (Paraoxyuronema) lagothricis (Buckley, 1931) (Nematoda: Oxyuridae). This is the first record of this oxyurid species in primates in Brazil.

Durante a necropsia de Lagothrix cana (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Atelidae) oriundo da Amazônia brasileira, oxiurídeos foram encontrados no intestino grosso. A intensidade de infecção foi de 64 parasitos (17 machos e 47 fêmeas), não havendo alterações patológicas macroscópicas relacionadas ao parasitismo. Após análise morfológica os parasitos foram identificados como Trypanoxyuris (Paraoxyuronema) lagothricis (Buckley, 1931) (Nematoda: Oxyuridae). Este é o primeiro relato desta espécie de oxiurídeo em primatas no Brasil.

Syphacia sp. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) in coprolites of Kerodon rupestris Wied, 1820 (Rodentia: Caviidae) from 5,300 years BP in northeastern Brazil

We present the results of paleoparasitological analyses in coprolites of Kerodon rupestris, rodent endemic to rocky areas of Brazil's semiarid region. The coprolites were collected from excavations at the archaeological site of Toca dos Coqueiros, in the National Park of Serra da Capivara, southeastern of state of Piauí. Syphacia sp. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) eggs were identified in coprolites dated at 5,300 ± 50 years before present. This is the first record of the genus Syphacia in rodent coprolites in the Americas.

The community of gastrointestinal helminths in the housemouse, Mus musculus, in Santiago, Chile

The house mouse, Mus musculus, has been present in Chile since approximately 1600 AD and it is the most tipically synanthropic rodent in Chile. In order to know its parasites a survey was conducted in three different localities in Santiago. The helminthes community was poor in species and only three nematodes species were found: Syphacia obvelata,Aspiculuris tetraptera and Physaloptera calnuensl All these species constitutes the first record in Chile. This is also the first record of P. calnuensis in this host. Syphacia obvelata was the most abundant and the most prevalent.

El ratón doméstico, Mus musculus, está en Chile desde aproximadamente el 1600 DC. y es el más sinantrópico de los roedores chilenos. Para conocer sus parásitos se realizó un estudio en tres diferentes localidades de Santiago. La comunidad de helmintos fue pobre en especies y sólo se encontraron tres especies de helmintos: Syphacia obvelata, Aspiculuris tetraptera y Physaloptera calnuensis; todas estas especies constituyen el primer registro para Chile. Esté es también el primer hallazgo de P. calnuensis en este hospedador. Syphacia obvelata fue la especie más prevalente y abundante.

Parásitos de la liebre (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778): estudio en dos zonas geográficas de Chile / Hare parasites (Lepus europaeus) in two geographical zone of Chile

Se analizaron los parásitos de 40 liebres (Lepus europeaus) (20 de la Provincia de Ñuble y 20 de Última Esperanza) capturadas entre enero de 2003 y agosto de 2004. En la Provincia de Ñuble se aislaron tres especies de endoparásitos: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (60 por ciento), Passa-lurus ambiguus (5 por ciento) y Eimeria spp. (45 por ciento). En Última Esperanza se encontró sólo la especie T. retortaeformis (60 por ciento). Se aisló además una especie de ectoparásito correspondiente al Phthiraptera Haemodipsus lyriocephalus en una liebre de la Provincia de Ñuble. No se estableció ninguna relación significativa entre la presencia de los parásitos gastrointestinales con el sexo y edad de las liebres. Tampoco hubo una diferencia significativa entre el parasitismo provocado por T. retortaeformis en las dos zonas estudiadas.

The parasites of 40 Lepus europaeus (hares) were analyzed (20 of the Ñuble Province and 20 of Ultima Esperanza) caught between January 2003 and August 2004. In the Ñuble province three endoparasites species were isolated: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (60%), Passalurus ambiguus (5%) and Eimeria spp. (45%). In Ultima Esperanza only T. retortaeformis was isolated with 60% of infection. The ectoparasite species isolated corresponded to the Phthiraptera Haemodipsus lyriocephalus in a hare of the Ñuble Province. No significant differences in the presence of gastrointestinal parasites were found with respect to sex and age of the hare. Nor was there any significant difference between parasitism of T. retortaeformis in the two studied zones.

Patterns of infection with the nematodes Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera in conventionally maintained laboratory mice

Data on the frequency, distribution and mean intensity of the helminth fauna recovered from outbred and inbred mice conventionally maintained in Brazilian animal houses, are reported. The oxyurid nematodes Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera presented overall frequencies of 91.5 percent and 8.5 percent, respectively. The frequency of S. obvelata in animals of three groups out of the four investigated ranged from 9 percent to 74 percent and A. tetraptera from 17 percent to 83 percent, since animals of one of the groups were negative for helminths. Infections due to a single species were observed in 62 percent of the animals, compared to 16 percent related to associations. The frequency of single infections in each group varied from 58.6 percent to 100 percent whereas associations varied from 24.1 percent to 41.4 percent. The analysis of specific mean intensities showed that S. obvelata was represented by 13.35 to 66.58 specimens/host and A. tetraptera by 5.85 to 16.75 specimens/host

Worm burdens in outbred and inbred laboratory rats with morphometric data on Syphacia muris (Yamaguti, 1935) Yamaguti, 1941 (Nematoda, Oxyuroidea)

Syphacia muris worm burdens were evaluated in the rat Rattus norvegicus of the strains Wistar (outbred), Low/M and AM/2/Torr (inbred), maintained conventionally in institutional animal houses in Brazil. Morphometrics and illustration data for S. muris recovered from Brazilian laboratory rats are provided for the first time since its proposition in 1935

Helminth parasites of conventionally maintained laboratory mice - II. Inbred strains with an adaptation of the anal swab technique

Worm burdens recovered from inbred mice strains, namely C57B1/6, C57B1/10, CBA, BALB/c, DBA/2 and C3H/He, conventionnally maintained in two institutional animal houses in the State of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, were analysed and compared, regarding their prevalences and mean intensities. Three parasite species were observed: the nematodes Aspiculuris tetraptera, Syphacia obvelata and the cestode Vampirolepis nana. A modification of the anal swab technique is also proposed for the first time as an auxiliary tool for the detection of oxyurid eggs in mice.

Neohilgertia venusti Gen. N. SP. N. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae)from Thylamys venustus cinderellus (Thomas) Reig, Kirsch & Marshall, 1985 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in Burruyacu, Tucuman, Argentina - Systematic position and possible evolution

Neohilgertia gen. n. proposed for Oxyuridae nematodes from Thylamys venustus cinderellus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) is described. The hypothesis about the possibility of a secondary parasitism for marsupials and the origin of the genus in the African Sciuridae parasite ancestors is discussed

Presencia del Dermatoxys veligera Rudolphi, 1819) en conejo de monte (Sylvillagus floridanus) del estado Zulia / Presence of Dermatoxys veligera (Rudolphi, 1819) in rabbit-root (Sylvilagus floridanus) in Zulia State

En este trabajo de investigación, se identifica por primera vez para el Estado Zulia (Venezuela), la presencia del Dermatoxys veligera, Rudolphi, 1819, en el conejo de monte (Sylvilagus floridanus)