Tratamiento endoscópico de quistes coloideos del tercer ventrículo / Third ventricle colloid cysts endoscopic approach

Introducción: los quistes coloideos (QC) son tumores benignos de crecimiento lento, que comprenden menos del 1% de los tumores intracraneales. Se presentan en adultos jóvenes y se ubican más frecuentemente en el techo del tercer ventrículo. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una serie de pacientes con QC del tercer ventrículo operados por vía endoscópica, analizar la técnica quirúrgica, ventajas y desventajas. Desarrollo: se realizó una búsqueda retrospectiva de pacientes operados por vía endoscópica, en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, de tumores del tercer ventrículo en un período de 2 años (2013-2015), con diagnóstico de QC confirmado por anatomía patológica . Se identificaron cinco pacientes, tres mujeres y dos hombres, cuyo promedio de edad fue de 50 años. No hubo complicaciones perioperatorias y ninguno mostró recidiva en el lapso de observación. Conclusión: la vía endoscópica es una vía técnicamente simple y con muy baja morbilidad. Si bien no siempre puede realizarse una exéresis completa, los trabajos prospectivos permitirán definir si esto resulta suficiente para el control de la enfermedad. (AU)

Colloid cysts are benign, slow-growing tumors, comprising less than 1% of intracranial tumors. They occur in young adults and are more frequently located on the roof of the third ventricle. The objective of this study is to present a series of patients with Colloid cysts operated endoscopically and analyze advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique. We performed a retrospective review of Colloid Cysts operated on endoscopically, at the Neurosurgical Department of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires in a period of 2 years (2013-2015). Five patients were identified, three women and two men whose average age was 50 years. No perioperative complications were observed, with no recurrences during the follow up period. Conclusion: the endoscopic approach is technically simple and has very low morbidity. Although a complete excision can not always be performed, prospective studies will allow us to define whether if is sufficient to control the disease. (AU)

Síndrome del muñeco cabeza de resorte por quiste aracnoideo selar en un adulto / Bobble-head doll syndrome by selar arachnoid cyst in an adult

El síndrome del muñeco cabeza de resorte es un raro trastorno usualmente descrito en la población pediátrica como resultado de lesiones selares y del tercer ventrículo, especialmente quistes coloides. Su fisiopatología no está bien esclarecida. Se ha planteado que los trastornos del funcionamiento de las aferencias y eferencias hacia el núcleo dorso-medial del tálamo originarían los movimientos y estos permanecerían en el tiempo gracias a fenómenos de aprendizaje. Presentamos un raro caso del síndrome del muñeco cabeza de resorte de una paciente adulta como consecuencia de un quiste aracnoideo selar con extensión paraselar a través de la fisura de Silvio. Se realizaron comunicaciones del quiste hacia las cisternas adyacentes con lo cual se logro control completo de los síntomas tras 48 horas del procedimiento.

Bobble head doll syndrome is a rare disorder usually described in the pediatric population as a result of sellar lesions and the third ventricle, especially colloid cysts. Its pathophysiology is not well understood. It has been suggested that functional disorders of the afferent and efferent system to the dorso-medial nucleus of the thalamus causes of the movement and these remain over time through learning phenomena. We present a rare case of bobble head doll syndrome in an adult patient caused by a sellar arachnoid cyst with parasellar extension through the Sylvian fissure. Communications were made from the cyst into adjacent cisterns thereby achieving complete control of symptoms after 48 hours of the procedure.

Treatment of colloid cysts of the third ventricle through neuroendoscopic Nd: YAG laser stereotaxis / Tratamento do cisto colóide do terceiro ventrículo por neuroendoscopia estereotática com laser Nd: YAG

OBJECTIVE: Colloid cysts (IIIVT CC) are benign neuroepithelial cysts located in the anterior third ventricle. The authors propose the use of Nd:YAG laser stereotactic neuroendoscopic for guided resection of the third ventricle colloid cysts. METHOD: Eleven patients presented third ventricle colloid cysts and were treated by Nd:YAG laser guided with stereotactic endoscopy (n=7) , stereotactic endoscopy (n=3) or stereotactly guided puncture (n=1). The patients were followed prospectively (average 33 months, range 19-64 months). The clinical data, neuroimaging findings, hospitalization stay, outcomes and complications of the method were evaluated. RESULTS: All patients presented headache; six had papilledema, one had gait disturbance and one had third-nerve palsy. Neuroimaging showed hydrocephalus and a IIIVT CC with 14.4-mm mean diameter. After surgery all patients presented clinical and image improvement. Only two patients presented transient morbidities that were easily treated: One had diabetes insipidus that lasted for two days and was treated with a single dose of DDAVP, and another had chemical aseptic meningitis, probably due to the contact of the cyst content with the CSF. This patient was treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids with complete resolution of the problem without sequels. The other patients were discharged from the hospital 48 h after surgery. CONCLUSION: The stereotactic neuroendoscopy-guided procedure with Nd:YAG laser allowed the complete removal of the third ventricle colloid cysts, without definitive morbidities, sequels or recurrence of the lesion.

OBJETIVO: Os cistos colóides (CC IIIVT) são lesões neuroepiteliais benignas localizadas anteriormente no terceiro ventrículo. Nós propomos a ressecção neuroendoscópica com o uso do Nd:YAG laser guiada por estereotaxia. MÉTODO: Onze pacientes portadores de cisto colóide do terceiro ventrículo foram tratados por neuroendoscopia estereotática com laser Nd:YAG (n=7), neuroendoscopia estereotática (n=3) ou punção estereotática (n=1) e foram seguidos prospectivamente (média 33 meses, variação 19-64 meses). Os dados clínicos, achados de neuroimagem, tempo de hospitalização, evolução e complicações referentes à técnica foram avaliadas. RESULTADOS: Todos pacientes apresentaram cefaléia; seis tiveram papiledema, um apresentou distúrbio de marcha e um apresentou paresia do terceiro nervo. Os exames de neuroimagem evidenciaram hidrocefalia e CC IIIVT com diâmetro médio de 14,4 mm. Depois da cirurgia todos os pacientes apresentaram melhora clínica e de imagem. Apenas dois pacientes apresentaram morbidades transitórias que foram facilmente tratadas: um apresentou diabetes insipidus que durou dois dias e foi tratada com uma única dose de DDAVP, o outro apresentou meningite química asséptica, provavelmente pelo contato do conteúdo do cisto com o líquor. Este paciente recebeu antibióticos e corticóide com resolução completa do problema. Os outros pacientes receberam alta hospitalar após 48 h. CONCLUSÃO: A ressecção neuroendoscópica com o uso do Nd:YAG laser guiada por estereotaxia possibilitou a remoção completa do cisto colóide sem morbidades definitivas, seqüelas ou recorrência da lesão.