Giant luteinized follicular cyst of pregnancy / Cisto folicular luteinizado gigante da gestação

Functional cysts usually do not cause symptoms or require surgical intervention. We reported a 17-year-old primi-gravida, gestational age of 10 weeks and 2 days, and ultrasound showing anechoic cyst in the right parauterine re-gion without septa, with a larger diameter of 13.5cm, 632ml, and Doppler color without peripheral vascularization. The patient was oligosymptomatic during gestation. At 37 weeks and 6 days, gestation was interrupted, when the cyst had 2600 ml by ultrasonography. Fetal extraction was performed by cesarean delivery, and a large adnexal cyst visualized on the right was removed. The histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen revealed a cystic le-sion coated by luteinized cells with discrete hyperchromatic and slightly pleomorphic nuclei, with underlying fibrous stroma with sparse luteinized cells, characterizing a giant luteinized follicular cyst of pregnancy. The prevalence of ovarian masses in pregnancy is rare, usually not exceeding 5 cm in diameter, and disappearing spontaneously in the second trimester. The patient in the case report had a cyst of 632 ml, increasing in volume to 2600 ml at the time of delivery. Definitive preoperative diagnosis of ovarian masses is still difficult, and predictive criteria for malignancy include the use of tumor markers, ultrasound, and Doppler. The association of these tests should guide the clinician to define the best time for surgical intervention. The association of these tests should guide the clinician to define the best time for surgical intervention (AU)

Os cistos funcionais geralmente não causam sintomas ou requerem intervenção cirúrgica. Relatamos o caso de uma primigesta de 17 anos, idade gestacional de 10 semanas e 2 dias, e ultrassonografia mostrando cisto anecoico em região parauterina direita sem septos, com maior diâmetro de 13,5cm, volume 632ml e Doppler sem vascularização periférica. A paciente permaneceu oligossintomática durante a gestação. Com 37 semanas e 6 dias, a gestação foi interrompida, quando o cisto apresentava 2.600 ml pela ultrassonografia. A extração fetal foi realizada por cesaria-na, e um grande cisto anexial visualizado à direita foi removido. A análise histopatológica da peça cirúrgica revelou lesão cística revestida por células luteinizadas com núcleos discretamente hipercromáticos e levemente pleomór-ficos, com estroma fibroso subjacente com células luteinizadas esparsas, caracterizando cisto folicular luteinizado gigante da gravidez. A prevalência de massas ovarianas na gravidez é rara, geralmente não ultrapassam o diâmetro de 5 cm, e desaparecem espontaneamente no segundo trimestre. A paciente do relato de caso apresentou cisto de 632 ml, aumentando de volume para 2600 ml no momento do parto. O diagnóstico pré-operatório definitivo de massas ovarianas ainda é difícil, e os critérios preditivos de malignidade incluem o uso de marcadores tumorais, ultrassonografia e Doppler. A associação desses testes deve orientar o clínico para definir o melhor momento para a intervenção cirúrgica (AU)

Productive and reproductive performance of crossbred dairy heifers with induced lactation and efficacy of antimicrobial therapy associated with internal teat sealants / Desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de novilhas com lactação induzida e eficácia da terapia antimicrobiana associada com selante interno de tetos

This study evaluated (a) the efficacy of an association between injectable antibiotic therapy and sealant (ATBS) on milk yield (MY), somatic cell count (SCC), and prevalence of intramammary infections (IMI); and (b) the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on follicular cyst (FCs) resolution (cyclicity at the 45th day in milk; DIM) and cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) in heifers submitted to a lactation induction protocol (LIP). A total of 114 crossbred (Holstein × Jersey) heifers, with 34.7 ± 4.8 months and 439 ± 56.35 kg were submitted to LIP. On the 5th day of the LIP, the heifers were assigned to (i) ATBS (n = 57) with 7 mg/kg of norfloxacin associated with sealant and (ii) Control 1 (n = 57; CONT1) with no treatments. Lactation began on the 21st day of LIP and the 15th DIM, FCs were diagnosed and 106 heifers were randomized into two treatment groups with 53 heifers each: (i) GnRH (5 mL injectable GnRH) and (ii) Control 2 (CONT2; no treatment). Of the 114 heifers initially induced, 83.33% (n = 95) responded to LIP with an average MY of 15.19 kg/milk/day during 22 weeks of lactation. In the first 14 DIM, the IMI prevalence was 18% and 28% for heifers ATBS and CONT1 treated, respectively. Additionally, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated group of pathogens. Mammary quarters that received ATBS treatment had a lower risk of IMI and SCC than CONT1. The cyclicity at 45 DIM was 68% (ATBS) and 35% (CONT1), and 57% and 46% for animals in the GnRH and CONT2. CPR was 60% in the ATBS group and 89% in CONT1, but GnRH treatment did not affect the CPR. In conclusion, LIP was effective in stimulating MY in heifers, and the IMI prevalence decreased with ATBS treatment. Also, the use of GnRH did not affect the FC regression, cyclicity at 45 DIM, and CPR.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou a (i) eficácia da associação entre antibioticoterapia injetável e selante interno de tetos (ATBS) na produção de leite (PL), contagem de células somáticas (CCS), e prevalência de infecções intramamárias (IIM); e (ii) eficácia do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH) na resolução de cistos foliculares (CFs), ciclicidade ao 45º dia em lactação (DEL) e taxa de prenhez cumulativa (TPC) em novilhas submetidas a um protocolo de indução de lactação (PIL). Um total de 114 novilhas mestiças (Holandês × Jersey), com 34,7 ± 4,8 meses e 439 ± 56,35 kg foram submetidas ao PIL. No 5º dia do PIL, as novilhas receberam: (i) ATBS (n = 57) com 7 mg/kg de norfloxacina associada ao selante interno de tetos e (ii) Controle 1 (n = 57; CONT1) sem tratamento. A lactação teve início no 21º dia do PIL e no 15º DEL, foram diagnosticados CFs e 106 novilhas foram agrupadas em dois grupos de tratamento com 53 novilhas em cada: (i) GnRH (5 mL de GnRH injetável) e (ii) Controle 2 (CONT2; sem tratamento). Das 114 novilhas inicialmente induzidas, 83,33% (n = 95) responderam ao PIL com PL média de 15,19 kg/leite/d durante 22 semanas de lactação. Nos primeiros 14 DEL a prevalência de IIM foi de 18% e 28% para as novilhas tratadas com ATBS e CONT1, respectivamente. Além disso, estafilococos coagulase negativa foram o grupo de patógenos mais frequentemente isolados. Quartos mamários tratados com ATBS tiveram menor risco (0,56) de IIM e menor CCS do que CONT1. A ciclicidade a 45 DEL foi de 68% (ATBS) e 35% (CONT1), e 57% e 46% para os animais no GnRH e CONT2. A TPC foi de 60% no grupo ATBS e 89% no CONT1, porém o tratamento com GnRH não afetou a TPC. Em conclusão, o PIL foi eficaz em estimular a PL em novilhas tardias e a prevalência de IIM diminiuiu com o tratamento ATBS. Além disso, o uso de GnRH não afetou a regressão de CF, ciclicidade em 45 DEL e a TPC.(AU)

Diagnóstico de quiste dentígero en sacos foliculares de terceros molares incluídos / Diagnosis of dentigerous cysts in follicular sacs of retained third molars

Objetivo: establecer el tipo de patología más frecuente asociada a terceros molares incluidos extraídos en las clínicas de cirugía oral de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y la frecuencia de aparición de quistes dentígeros, rango de edad, sexo y la región anatómica en que predominan. Métodos: se revisaron 17 sacos foliculares de 11 pacientes atendidos en las clínicas de cirugía oral, entre agos-to del 2018 y febrero de 2019. Resultados: se recolectaron 7 biopsias de 5 pacientes masculinos y 10 de 7 pacientes femeninos, con edades comprendidas entre los 17 a 24 años (media: 20.40), se realizó estudio histopatológico con hematoxilina-eosina, cuyos datos obtenidos se analizaron para determinar frecuencia, edad, sexo y patología aso-ciada. Se encontraron 15 casos que mostraron cambios quísticos diagnosticados como quistes dentígeros y 2 casos diagnosticados como saco folicular. Conclusiones: aunque la muestra es pequeña, este estudio da indicios que los sacos foliculares asociados a terceros molares incluídos están altamente implicados en la formación de quistes dentígeros.

Objective: To establish the most frequent type of pathology associated to retained third molars extracted in the oral surgery clinics of the Dentistry School at Universidad Nacional de Colombia and the frequency of appearance of dentigerous cysts, age, sex and the anatomical region in which they predominate. Methods: A series of 17 follicular sacs were evaluated out of a total of 11 patients attended in the oral surgery clinics between August 2018 and February 2019. Results: Seven biopsies were collected from 5 male patients and ten from seven female patients aged between 17 and 24 years (mean: 20.40), histopathological study was performed with hematoxylin-eosin, the data obtained was analyzed to determine frequency, age, sex and associated pathology. It where found 15 cases that showed cystic changes diagnosed as dentigerous cysts and two cases diagnosed as follicular sac. Conclusions: Although the sample is small, this study gives indications that follicular sacs associated with retained third molars may be highly involved in the formation of dentigerous cysts.

Benign follicular tumors

Abstract: Benign follicular tumors comprise a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that share a common histogenesis and display morphological features resembling one or several portions of the normal hair follicle, or recapitulate part of its embryological development. Most cases present it as clinically nondescript single lesions and essentially of dermatological relevance. Occasionally, however, these lesions be multiple and represent a cutaneous marker of complex syndromes associated with an increased risk of visceral neoplasms. In this article, the authors present the microscopic structure of the normal hair follicle as a basis to understand the type and level of differentiation of the various follicular tumors. The main clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of benign follicular tumors are then discussed, including dilated pore of Winer, pilar sheath acanthoma, trichoadenoma, trichilemmoma, infundibuloma, proliferating trichilemmal cyst/tumor, trichoblastoma and its variants, pilomatricoma, trichodiscoma/fibrofolliculoma, neurofollicular hamartoma and trichofolliculoma. In addition, the main syndromes presenting with multiple follicular tumors are also discussed, namely Cowden, Birt-Hogg-Dubé, Rombo and Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndromes, as well as multiple tumors of follicular infundibulum (infundibulomatosis) and multiple trichoepitheliomas. Although the diagnosis of follicular tumors relies on histological examination, we highlight the importance of their knowledge for the clinician, especially when in presence of patients with multiple lesions that may be the cutaneous marker of a cancer-prone syndrome. The dermatologist is therefore in a privileged position to recognize these lesions, which is extremely important to provide further propedeutic, appropriate referral and genetic counseling for these patients.

Three different clinical faces of the same histopathological entity: hair follicle nevus, trichofolliculoma and accessory tragus

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hair follicle nevus is a rare, congenital hamartoma with follicular differentiation characterized histologically by numerous, tiny, mature hair follicles. Trichofolliculoma, the histopathological features of which are quite similar to those of hair follicle nevus, is also a hamartoma that differs from hair follicle. Accessory tragus is a relatively common, benign congenital abnormality of the external ear with an incidence rate of 1 to 10 per 1,000 live births.OBJECTIVE:This study seeks to assess the discriminatory value of currently available, histological criteria in the differential diagnosis of hair follicle nevus, accessory tragi and trichofolliculoma.METHODS:Twenty-one patients comprising 9 cases of hair follicle nevus, 8 accessory tragi patients and 4 trichofolliculoma cases, were recruited to perform the study.RESULTS:There were 10 males and 11 females in the study group. No significant difference was observed between the three study groups in terms of age, gender or histopathological parameters such as density of hair follicles, subcutaneous fat score and presence of connective tissue framework. Cartilaginous component was seen in 8 cases that were diagnosed as accessory tragi, while central cyst and radiating hair follicles were seen in 4 cases which were diagnosed as trichofolliculoma.CONCLUSION:The results of our study showed that diagnostic discrimination of these diseases could be made only with the clinicopathologic correlation because of their clinical and histopathological similarities.

Quistes vellosos eruptivos: un caso / Eruptive vellus cyst: a case

Los quistes vellosos eruptivos son pápulas foliculares bien delimitadas, de color piel normal, rojizas o amarillentas, que miden de 1 a 4 milímetros de diámetro y se localizan preferentemente en el tórax anterior o las extremidades. Constituyen una entidad benigna, de herencia autosómica dominante o adquirida. Se presentan habitualmente sin síntomas, aunque en ocasiones generan prurito. Se describe una niña de 7 años de edad con quistes vellosos eruptivos de presentación esporádica...

Eruptive vellus hair cysts are follicular, well-defined papules, measuring from 1 to 4 mm in diameter, normal skin color, reddish or yellowish that are preferentially located on the anterior chest or limbs. It is a benign condition, sporadic or inherited as an autosomal trait. They are clinically asymptomatic, although sometimes they may itch. We describe a 7-year-old girl that presents sporadic eruptive vellus hair cysts...

Torção ovariana: ensaio iconográfico com enfoque em achados de ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada / Ovarian torsion: pictorial essay focused on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os principais achados em tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética da torção ovariana. Dois examinadores em consenso selecionaram e analisaram casos ilustrativos, obtidos entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2011, de pacientes submetidas a tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, com dor abdominal aguda comprovadamente decorrente de torção ovariana, destacando os principais aspectos de imagem. O crescente papel da tomografia computadorizada e da ressonância magnética na avaliação de paciente com abdome agudo de origem ginecológica requer que o radiologista se familiarize com os aspectos de imagem das suas principais causas, utilizando estas ferramentas diagnósticas em conjunto com a ultrassonografia.

The present article is aimed at describing the key findings of ovarian torsion at computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Two investigators have consensually selected and analyzed magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography images acquired in the period from January 2010 to December 2011 of patients with proven acute abdominal pain resulting from ovarian torsion, highlighting the main imaging findings. The increasing role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of patient with acute abdomen of gynecological origin demands radiologists' familiarity with the imaging findings related to the main causes of such condition through the use of these diagnostic tools in association with ultrasonography.

Ultrassonografia nas massas anexiais: aspectos de imagem / Ultrasonography of adnexal masses: imaging findings

A ultrassonografia realizada por um habilidoso e experiente examinador é considerada, atualmente, método de elevada acurácia no diagnóstico diferencial das massas anexiais. Os autores expõem uma revisão baseada em imagens ultrassonográficas das principais apresentações das massas anexiais, descrevendo suas características e localizações.

Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography performed by a skilled and experienced investigator is currently considered as a highly accurate method in the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses. The authors set out a review based on sonographic images demonstrating the main presentations of adnexal masses, describing their characteristics and locations.

Quiste dentígero ubicado en rama mandibular: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Dentigerous cyst located in ramus: report of a case and review of the literature

La cavidad bucal se ve afectada por una variedad de lesiones, dentro de las cuales se encuentran los quistes dentígeros, estos son los quistes de desarrollo más comunes de la mandíbula, frecuentemente asociados con terceros molares retenidos. Son los segundos quistes odontogénicos más comunes después de los quistes radiculares. El quiste deriva del epitelio reducido del esmalte que rodea la corona del diente. Por lo general son descubiertos cuando se toman radiografías para investigar la falta en la erupción de un diente. Afecta con mayor frecuencia al sexo masculino. Usualmente no hay dolor ni molestia asociados con el quiste a menos que se infecte secundariamente. El tratamiento del quiste se basa en la eliminación quirúrgica de la lesión. A continuación se describe un caso clínico de quiste dentígero ubicado en rama mandibular derecha, de gran tamaño y que se caracteriza por generar destrucción de gran parte de la misma

The oral cavity it's affected by a variety of injuries, one of them being the cysts dentigerous, these are the most common cysts of development of the jaw, frequently associated with third molars not erupcioned. They are the second cysts odontogenics more common after the radiculars cysts. The cyst derives from the limited epithelium of the enamel that is around the crown of the tooth. In general they are discovered when is X-ray radiographies are taken to investigate the lack in the eruption of a tooth. It affects with major frequency the males. Usually there is neither pain nor inconvenience associated with the cyst until it becomes infected secondarily. The treatment of the cyst is based on the surgical complete elimination of the injury. A clinical case of dentigerous cyst is described, located in the jaw right branch, of big size and that is characterized for generating destruction of great part of it

Crecimieto folícular ovárico en animales domésticos: una revisión / Ovarian follicular growth in domestic animals: a review

El desarrollo folícular ovárico en los animales domésticos durante un ciclo estral sigue un patrón de dos o tres oleadas o grupos de folículos que crecen. En ese proceso están identificados tres eventos fisiológicos; el reclutamiento, la selección y la dominancia que ejerce el folículo de mayor tamaño sobre los subordinados. En cada oleada folícular es reclutado un grupo de folículos primordiales que posteriormente crecen. La selección del folículo dominante ocurre al final de la fase común de crecimiento. El folículo dominante continúa creciendo a una tasa constante y el resto de los folículos sufren atresia. La desviación folicular es un concepto relativamente nuevo y se refiere al inicio de una diferencia notoria en la tasa de crecimiento entre los dos folículos más grandes presentes en el ovario de hembras monotocas. Los mecanismos fisiológicos implicados en el proceso de desviación y selección no se han definido completamente, pero al parecer se relacionan con la adquisición de receptores para la hormona luteinizante en la granulosa del folículo dominante, un incremento en la producción de estradiol por ese último y la disminución de las concentraciones la hormona folículo-estimulante. Se encuentra implicado también el sistema a través de factores de crecimiento insulínicos (IGF-1 y -2), proteínas de unión (IGFBP-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 y -6) y proteasas específicas que degradan las IGFBPs. Se describen las relaciones endócrinas, parácrinas y autócrinas del crecimiento folícular, con énfasis en los factores fisiológicos señalados y que están envueltos en el proceso de desviación y selección.

Histerectomias realizadas en el Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz. San Cristóbal-Táchira: enero 2000-diciembre 2005 / Hysterectomies performed in the Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz. San Cristóbal-Táchira

La histerectomía es la operación ginecológica más frecuentemente practicada en el mundo y la segunda intervención quirúrgica, en general, después de la cesárea. Se presenta una Revisión de 6 años de pacientes a quienes se les realizó Histerectomía ingresadas al servicio de Gineco-obstetricia del Hospital "Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz" periodo 2000-2005, para determinar edad predominate, causas y tipo de histerectomía realizada. Para tal fin se analizaron en forma retrospectiva 251 historias clínicas siendo el grupo etario más afectado 46-50 años con un 31.87 por ciento la principal causa fue fibromatosis 69.72 por ciento y el tipo de histerectomía más realizada fue Panhisterectomia 46.6 por ciento.

Quistes no neoplásicos y neoplásicos de ovario en edad pediátrica / Ovarian neoplastic and nonneoplastic cysts in infancy and children

En Cuba los tumores y quistes de ovario en la infancia ocupan aproximadamente el 1 por ciento de todos los procesos tumorales, durante esta etapa de la vida, más del 50 por ciento de estos tumores corresponden como quistes simples, teratomas benignos, y quistes foliculares, por lo que se realizó un estudio retrospectivo longitudinal en niños con incidencias de estos tumores en el Hospital Pediátrico Eduardo Agramonte Piña, Camagüey, desde julio de 1973 a julio de 2004, con el objetivo de valorar la incidencia de estos tumores en niños. El universo y muestra lo constituyeron los 170 pacientes ingresados por dicha enfermedad. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los enfermos. Se confeccionó un formulario que incluyó variables como. la edad, la forma de presentación, el lado más afecto, el histología, los complementarios realizados y las complicaciones, donde predominó el rango de edad entre los 11y15 años con 122 pacientes para un 71.8 por ciento. Existió un aumento de la incidencia en el ovario derecho para un 71.8 por ciento. Las lesiones de mayor prevalencia fueron los tumores quísticos benignos (teratomas quísticos) con 107 de los pacientes, seguido de los quistes no neoplásicos (foliculares) para un 12.4 por ciento.El Rx simple de abdomen y el USG abdominal fueron los complementarios de mayor utilidad

Estruma ovárico benigno: diagnóstico y tratamiento en la adolescencia / Benign struma ovari: diagnosis and treatment in adolescence

Los teratomas de ovario son los blastomas ováricos más frecuentes en la etapa infanto-juvenil en la mujer: derivados de las células germinales totipotenciales pueden contener tejidos del ectodermo,mesodermo y endodermo. El estruma ovárico es un teratoma con predominio de tejido tiroideo. Son excepcionales en la etapa infanto-juvenil. Existen estrumas benignos y malignos y se presentan con una frecuencia de 2 por ciento y 0,3 por ciento respectivamente dentro de la frecuencia total de los teratomas. Asintomáticos en su mayoría, pueden manifestarse como tumor abdominopélvico y producir ascitis e hidrotórax.Se presenta un caso de estruma ovárico benigno en una adolescente de 15 años, que consultó por tumor abdominal de crecimiento lento, lo que motivó rechazo social en su medio escolar por presunción de embarazo.

Quiste velloso eruptivo: variante poco frecuente de quiste folicular infundibular / Eruptive vellus cyst: a rarae variant of infundibular cyst

El quiste velloso eruptivo es una entidad clínica benigna, caracterizada por una erupción pápulo-quística persistente en torax, y superficies extensoras de extremidades superiores, derivada del infund¡bulo de unidad pilosa. Se describen tres casos femeninos no relacionados, correspondiente a la variedad esporádica, muy ilustrativos de esta patología. Se hace revisión de la literatura.

Quiste folicular gigante luteinizado del embarazo y el puerperio. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Large luteinized follicle cyst of pregnancy and puerperium. A case report and review of the literature

Mujer de 23 años con embarazo de 37 semanas de EG y diagnóstico ecográfico de masa quística anexial derecha clínicamente benigna, quien fue llevada a cesárea para atención del parto y resección de la masa. El estudio anatomopatológico del tumor mostró un quiste folicular gigante solitario luteinizado (QFGSL) del embarazo. El manejo quirúrgico de la paciente fue conservador, con una evolución adecuada y óptimo pronósico. Se discuten los aspectos referentes a la historia natural de la enfermedad, las características anatomatológicas y la posible patogenia