Ultrasonographic features of cutaneous myxomas in a patient with Carney complex

Abstract Carney complex is a rare genodermatosis characterized by cardiac and cutaneous myxomas, among other tumors. In the majority of cases, cutaneous myxomas precede the diagnosis of cardiac myxomas, which are the main cause of death in these patients. Despite the fact that the diagnosis of cutaneous myxomas is histopathological, high-frequency ultrasonography plays an essential role in the differential diagnosis with other cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors. The authors of the present study describe, for the first time in the literature, the ultrasonographic features of both variants of cutaneous myxomas, superficial and subcutaneous, in a patient with a Carney complex.

A novel mutation in PRKAR1A gene in a patient with Carney complex presenting with pituitary macroadenoma, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome and recurrent atrial myxoma

SUMMARY Carney complex (CNC) is a rare syndrome of multiple endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. In this paper we present a 23-year-old Iranian woman with CNC who harbored a novel mutation (c.642dupT) in PRKAR1A gene. This patient presented with pituitary macroadenoma, acromegaly, recurrent atrial myxoma, Cushing's syndrome secondary to primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease and pigmented schwanoma of the skin. PRKAR1A gene was PCR amplified using genomic DNA and analyzed for sequence variants which revealed the novel mutation resulting in substitution of amino acid cysteine instead of the naturally occurring valine in the peptide chain and a premature stop codon at position 18 (V215CfsX18). This change leads to development of tumors in different organs due to lack of tumor suppressive activity secondary to failure of synthesis of the related protein.

Mixoma cardíaco: reporte de caso / Cardiac Myxoma: Case Report

Los tumores cardiacos se pueden dividir en primarios y secundarios. Aproximadamente el 75% de los tumores primarios son neopla- sias benignas, de las cuales el mixoma repre- senta la mitad de los casos reportados. Esta neoplasia se observa habitualmente en adul- tos de 30 a 50 años de edad. Normalmente se presentan en aurículas cardíacas, siendo la izquierdo más afectado. Se han descrito casos familiares que originan el complejo mixomatoso, en el cual los mixomas son múl- tiples dando lugar al Síndrome de Carney. Se presenta el caso de paciente femenina de 30 años edad, cuyo cadáver fue llevado por personal del Ministerio Público a la morgue judicial de San Pedro Sula para que se le practicara la autopsia y determinar la causa de muerte. Fue llevada al hospital Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas por su esposo, con historia de dolor precordial. Con anteceden- tes previos de dolor torácico, tratada como osteocondritis, presentó falla cardíaca y falle- ció a los pocos minutos de llegar a la emer- gencia. El esposo solicitó autopsia para determinar causa de muerte, considerando que pudiera tratarse de un caso de Mal Praxis, se procede a realizar autopsia en la cual se determina la existencia de un mixoma cardiaco de 7x3 cm. en la aurícula derecha...(AU)

Síndrome incompleto de Carney / Incomplete Carney's triad

El síndrome de Carney es una enfermedad rara, con diferentes formas de presentación, que afecta principalmente al sexo femenino y es asintomática en la mayoría de los casos. Se caracteriza por la aparición de tumores, generalmente benignos, principalmente en el pulmón, la glándula suprarrenal y el estómago; sin embargo, se pueden afectar otros órganos como el esófago. Su tratamiento es principalmente quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con síndrome incompleto de Carney, manejada quirúrgicamente, con excelente resultado posoperatorio. Se hace una revisión de la literatura científica actual.

Carney's triad is a rare condition with multimodal presentations, which affects mainly females and remains asymptomatic in most cases. It is characterized by the appearance of tumors, usually benign, in lung, adrenal, and stomach, but it can also affect other organs like the esophagus. Treatment of these lesions is primarily surgical. The objective of this paper is to review the current literature and to report a case of an incomplete Carney's triad managed surgically with excellent postoperative results.

Complexo de Carney esporádico com tumor testicular e mixoma atrial: relato de caso / Sporadic Carney complex with testicular tumor and atrial myxoma: case report

O complexo de Carney é uma rara forma de neoplasia endócrina múltipla familial autossômica dominante. Está associado à alteração de pigmentação cutânea e mucosa, doença nodular adrenal pigmentosa primária, mixomas cardíacos e cutâneos, adenomas hipofisários funcionantes, neoplasia testicular, adenoma ou carcinoma de tireoide, além de cistos ovarianos. Aproximadamente 70% dos indivíduos diagnosticados com complexo de Carney têm pais afetados, e 30% apresentam forma esporádica. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de complexo de Carney esporádico por mixoma cardíaco e tumor testicular. Ressalta-se a importância do caso por sua raridade e sua forma curiosa de apresentação. Homem, 33 anos, manifestou dois quadros de acidentes vasculares cerebrais em 4 meses. Na investigação apresentou pressão arterial elevada com sopro sistólico discreto e fraqueza muscular (força grau 4 em membro superior direito e grau 3 em membro inferior direito). História mórbida de tumor testicular de células de Sertoli há 7 anos com orquiectomia bilateral. História familiar sem particularidades. Na investigação, evidenciaram-se sobrecarga atrial esquerda ao eletrocardiograma e massa tumoral pedunculada compatível com mixoma atrial esquerdo ao ecocardiograma transesofágico. Foi configurada síndrome de Carney pela presença de dois critérios maiores, e o paciente foi submetido à atriotomia esquerda, com ressecção da massa tumoral e confirmação anatomopatológica. A curiosa apresentação do caso recorda que, diante de um caso de acidente vascular cerebral em paciente jovem, a suspeita clínica seja direcionada a causas mais raras. O complexo de Carney esporádico é raro, dificultando ainda mais a elucidação.

Carney complex is a rare form of autosomal dominant multiple endocrine neoplasia familial. Changing skin pigmentation and mucos, primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease, cardiac and cutaneous myxomas, functioning pituitary adenomas, testicular cancer, thyroid adenoma or carcinoma is associated, and ovarian cysts. Approximately 70% of individuals diagnosed with Carney complex have affected parents and 30% have sporadically. The aim of this study was to report a case of sporadic Carney complex due to cardiac myxoma and testicular tumor. We emphasized the importance of the case for its rarity and curious form of presentation. Man, 33, showed two episodes of strokes in 4 months. In research presented high blood pressure with mild systolic murmur and muscle weakness (grade 4 strengthin the right arm and grade 3 in the right lower limb). Morbid history of testicular Sertoli cell tumor 7 years ago with bilateral orchiectomy. No special family history. On investigation, left atrial enlargement and was evident on the electrocardiogram, and transesophageal echocardiogram revealed the presence of pedunculated tumor mass setting a left atrial myxoma. Carney's syndrome was characterized by the existence of two major criteria and patient underwent left atriotomy with resection of the tumor mass and anatomic-pathologic confirmation. The curious case presentation reminded us that before a case of stroke in a young patient should direct the clinical suspicion for rarer causes. The Carney complex sporadic is rare, yet difficult to elucidate.

Síndromes lentiginosos familiares / Family lentiginous syndromes

Los síndromes lentiginosos familiares (SLF)involucran un amplio espectro fenotípico, que abarcadesde una predisposiciónhereditaria a desarrollar lentigos sinenfermedad sistémica hasta un riesgo incrementado en la formación de hamartomas, hiperplasias y otras neoplasias.El prototipo de SLF es el síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers, pero también se incluyen dentro de este grupo de patologías el complejo de Carney, el síndrome LEOPARD, el síndrome de Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba, la enfermedad de Cowden, el síndrome de Laugier-Hunziker, la disección arterial con lentiginosis y las lentiginosis benignas (lentiginosis unilateral parcial y centrofacial).La presencia de lentigos es uno de los hallazgos semiológicos más prominentes en estos cuadros y probablemente, más que una característica clínica asociada, sea el reflejo de la convergencia entre vías de señalización de importancia crucial para la embriogénesis, la diferenciación de la cresta neural, el crecimiento de los órganos diana y el funcionamiento de una amplia gama de tejidos.En el presente trabajo se realiza una descripción detallada de cada uno de los SLF, incluyendo el mecanismo molecular involucrado, las manifestaciones clínicas, la metodología diagnóstica, el seguimiento y el tratamiento.

Familial lentiginosis syndromes involve a broad phenotypic spectrum that includesfrom hereditary predisposition to presentlentigines without systemic disease to the increased risk of hamartomas, hyperplasia and other malignancies development.The prototype is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, but Carney complex, LEOPARD syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, Cowden's disease, Laugier-Hunziker syndrome, arterial dissection with lentigines and benign lentiginosis (partial and unilateral centrofaciallentigines) are also included in this group.The presence of lentigines is the most relevant finding and probably more than a clinical feature associated represents a reflection of the convergence of crucial signaling pathways that are important to embryogenesis, differentiation of the neural crest, target organs growth and funcional of a wide range of tissues.In this paper we perform a detailed description of these syndromes, including the molecular mechanisms involved, clinical manifestationsdiagnostic procedures, monitoring, and treatment.

Melanosis of the uterine cervix: a case report and literature review / Melanose cervical uterina: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Melanosis of the uterine cervix is an extremely rare melanocytic lesion and should be differentiated from melanoma. It is a melanocytic hyperpigmentation of basal layer cells from the squamous mucosa of the uterine cervix without an increase in the number of melanocytes. We present a typical case of this entity. Furthermore, we discuss the possible origins of melanocytes in this region and their association with Laugier-Hunziker syndrome and Carney complex.

A melanose cervical uterina representa lesão melanocítica extremamente rara, devendo ser diferenciada do melanoma. Trata-se de uma hiperpigmentação melanocítica das células da camada basal da mucosa escamosa do colo uterino sem aumento no número de melanócitos. Apresenta-se, neste artigo, um caso característico dessa entidade, além da discussão acerca das possíveis origens dos melanócitos nessa região, bem como sua relação com a síndrome de Laugier-Hunziker e o complexo de Carney.

Síndrome de Carney con mixoma mamario: un tumor muy infrecuente de manejo interdisciplinario / Carney syndrome with breast myxoma

Reportamos caso clínico de una mujer de 22 años quien presentó un fibroadenoma mixoide de localización mamaria. Previamente se había diagnosticado un microadenoma pituitario y tiroiditis con bocio difuso leve. Se realizó un estudio multidisciplinario para descartar otras localizaciones de tumores mixoides en el contexto del infrecuente síndrome de Carney.

We report a 22-year-old woman, who presented a myxoid fibroadenoma affecting the breast. Previously a pituitary microadenoma and thyroiditis with mild diffuse goiter was diagnosed. A multidisciplinary study was performed to rule out the location of other myxoid tumors in the context of infrequent Carney syndrome.

Tumor de células de Sertoli calcificante, de células grandes: caso clínico / Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor: Report of one case

Sertoli Cell Tumors are less than 1 percent of all testicular tumors. We report a 14-year-old male presenting with a left testicular mass. Orchiectomy was carried out and the pathological study informed a large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT). Its association with the Carney complex and Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome was subsequently discarded. Surgical excision was completed with a radical orchiectomy. After eight months of follow up, there is no evidence of tumor relapse.

Mixoma cutáneo "angiomixoma superficial" / Cutaneous myxoma "superficial angiomyxoma"

El mixoma cutáneo es un tumor benigno de piel recientemente caracterizado por el año 1999, desde cuando se han descrito pocos casos. Se llaman angiomixomas cuando su componente vascular es muy pronunciado. Puede formar parte del complejo de Carney cuando se asocia a mixoma cardíaco, léntigos, endocrinopatías y una amplia gama de otros tumores. Está indicada la resección total del tumor con amplios margenes de seguridad ya que tiende a la recidiva local.

Cutaneous myxoma is a benign skin tumor recently characterized by the year 1999, since when few cases have been described. They are called angiomyxomas when their vascular component is very pronounced. It can be part of the Carney complex when associated with cardiac myxoma, lentigines, endocrinopathies, and a wide range of other tumors. Total tumor resection with wide safety margins is indicated since it tends to local recurrence.

Mixomas cardíacos: de la investigación a la práctica diaria / Cardiac myxomas: from research to daily practice

The prevalence of cardiac tumors is 1% among non selected population. Three quarters of them are myxomas. Before 1951, diagnosis of cardiac tumors was only possible after the patient had died. Nowadays, echocardiogram has become the election method for diagnosis and follow up of patients with cardiac masses. Nevertheless, nowadays we have new diagnostic methods. Transesophageal echocardiogram has high sensitivity and specificity to establish its diagnosis and to provide other information as the location of the attachment point and the presence of associated lesions. There are other diagnostic tools: echo contrasts and magnetic resonance. Nevertheless, no one has demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy as high as the transesophageal echocardiogram. Nowadays, real-time threedimensional echocardiogram is being used. It is helpful when planning the surgical management.

Los tumores cardíacos tienen una incidencia del 1% en la población general, tres cuartas parte de ellos son de tipo benigno y cerca de la mitad de éstos, mixomas. Hasta 1951 el diagnóstico de estos tumores sólo se hacía post mortem. Sin embargo, en la actualidad se dispone de nuevas herramientas diagnósticas. El ecocardiograma transesofágico ha demostrado tener muy buena sensibilidad y especificidad para establecer su diagnóstico, además de aportar datos adicionales, como la ubicación exacta de la implantación del tumor, así como lesiones asociadas. Existen otras técnicas diagnósticas para su estudio como el empleo de ecopotenciadores y la resonancia magnética. Sin embargo, ninguna demostró tener tanta precisión diagnóstica como el estudio transesofágico. Actualmente se está empezando a utilizar el ecocardiograma tridimensional en tiempo real, de gran utilidad a la hora de plantear el manejo quirúrgico.