Effect of intracanal diode laser irradiation on fracture resistance of roots restored with CAD/CAM posts

Aim: To evaluate the fracture resistance of roots restored with CAD/CAM-fabricated posts, receiving or not intracanal laser treatment, compared with glass fiber posts under mechanical cycling. Methods: Twenty-seven endodontically treated, single-rooted teeth were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control), prefabricated glass fiber posts relined with resin composite; group 2, CAD/CAM-fabricated intraradicular posts using Resin Nano Ceramic (RNC) blocks; and group 3, CAD/CAM-fabricated intraradicular posts using RNC blocks in canals irradiated with a 940-nm diode laser (100 mJ, 300-um optic fiber, coronal-apical and apical-coronal helical movements, speed of 2 mm/second, 4 times each canal). After cementation of the coping, cyclic loading was applied at an angle of 135° to the long axis of the root, with a pulse load of 130 N, frequency of 2.2 Hz, and 150,000 pulses on the crown at a point located 2 mm below the incisal edge on the lingual aspect of the specimen. Every 50,000 cycles, the specimens were evaluated for root fracture occurring below or above the simulated bone crest. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results: Group 1 was the least resistant, while groups 2 and 3 were the most resistant. Group 1 differed significantly from groups 2 and 3 (p<0.01), but there was no difference between groups 2 and 3 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Treatment of the intracanal surface with diode laser had no influence on fracture resistance of roots restored with CAD/CAM-fabricated posts, but a longer cycling time is required to evaluate the real benefits of diode laser irradiation

Protección pulpar directa y posterior apexogénesis: informe de un caso clínico / Direct pulp capping followed by apexogenesis: a clinical case report

Objetivo: Describir el tratamiento de un paciente que pre- sentó un incisivo superior permanente con exposición pulpar y desarrollo radicular incompleto utilizando Biodentine como material para la protección pulpar directa. Caso clínico: Un paciente de 9 años fue derivado para la evaluación y el tratamiento del diente 11. El examen clínico y radiográfico reveló la presencia de una fractura amelodentinaria, con exposición pulpar y desarrollo radicular incompleto. Luego de lavar y desinfectar el área de la fractura, se protegió la pulpa expuesta con Biodentine y se restauró la cavidad. El paciente fue citado para control a los 18 y 25 meses. En los controles se comprobó que el diente se mantuvo asintomático y funcional. Luego de 25 meses, el examen clínico y radiográfico confirmó la presencia de pulpa vital y el completo desarrollo del remanente radicular. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente caso clínico sugieren que el empleo de Biodentine puede ser considerado como una valiosa alternativa para la protección de la pulpa ex- puesta en dientes con desarrollo radicular incompleto (AU)

Aim: To describe the treatment of a patient that presented a permanent maxillary central incisor with pulp exposure and incomplete root formation, using Biodoentine as the material for direct pulp protection. Clinical case A 9-year-old male patient was referred for evaluation and treatment of tooth 11. The clinical and radio-graphic examination revealed the presence of a dentinoe- namel fracture, with pulp exposure and incomplete root for- mation. After cleaning and disinfecting the area, the exposed pulp was protected with Biodentine and the cavity was re- stored. The patient was scheduled for control after 18 and 25 months. In these evaluations, it was confirmed that the tooth remained asymptomatic and functional. After 25 months, the clinical and radiographic examination showed the presence of vital pulp and a completed development of the root. The obtained results of this clinical case suggest that Biodentine can be considered a valuable alternative for pulp capping in teeth with incomplete root formation (AU)

Abordagem multidisciplinar no tratamento de incisivo lateral com fratura oblíqua e lesão periapical: relato de caso clínico / Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of lateral incisor with oblique fracture and periapical injury: clinical case report

Casos de fraturas dentárias oblíquas muitas vezes possuem um prognóstico desfavorável, geralmente com indicação da extração do elemento dental. O presente artigo visou relatar o tratamento do caso clínico de um paciente do sexo masculino, 12 anos, que compareceu à Unidade de Saúde Bucal do Hospital Universitário de Brasília com encaminhamento de extração do dente 12, apresentando fratura oblíqua que se estendia subgengivalmente na face vestibular. O trauma havia ocorrido há três anos e o paciente havia sido submetido a diversas intervenções endodônticas, apresentando no momento da consulta inicial por nossa equipe uma lesão periapical extensa. Após a realização da anamnese, exame clínico e radiográfico, foi adotada uma abordagem multidisciplinar conservadora com a manutenção do dente e a realização da enucleação da lesão periapical por meio de intervenção cirúrgica e posterior reabilitação. Em uma mesma sessão, foi realizada a obturação do conduto com cone de guta percha e cimento sealer 26 e a cirurgia parendodôntica juntamente com a apicoplastia. Uma semana após a intervenção cirúrgica foi realizada restauração classe IV com resina composta baseada no enceramento dos modelos de diagnóstico montados em articulador. Com base em uma avaliação criteriosa e multidisciplinar, foi possível adotar uma abordagem conservadora no caso em questão, com a manutenção e reabilitação de um dente permanente em um paciente jovem, evitando a indicação de exodontia(AU)

Cases of oblique dental fractures often have an unfavorable prognosis, usually with the indication of extraction of the dental element. The present article aimed to report the treatment of the clinical case of a 12-year-old male patient, who attended the Oral Health Unit of the Hospital Universitário de Brasília with a referral for extraction of tooth 7, presenting an oblique fracture that extended subgingivally on the labial surface. The trauma had occurred three years ago and the patient had undergone several endodontic interventions, presenting an extensive periapical lesion at the time of the initial consultation by our team. After anamnesis, clinical and radiographic examination, a conservative multidisciplinar approach was adopted with the maintenance of the tooth and the enucleation of the periapical lesion through surgical intervention and subsequente rehabilitation. In the same session, the conduit was filled with gutta-percha cone and sealer cement 26 and parendodontic surgery was performed together with apicoplasty. One week after the surgical intervention, class IV restoration was performed with composite resin based on the waxing of the diagnostic models mounted on an articulator. Based on a careful and multidisciplinary evaluation, it was possible to adopt a conservative approach in the case in question, with the maintenance and rehabilitation of a permanent tooth in a young patient, avoiding the indication of extraction(AU)

Incidencia de fracturas dentales verticales reportadas en la Ciudad de Chihuahua y su relación con la evolución de la pandemia por COVID-19 / Incidence of vertical dental fractures reported in Chihuahua City and its relationship with the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic

Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, la presencia de un incremento de fracturas y/o fisuras verticales ha sido reportada por Cirujanos Dentistas en diferentes países y foros, Objetivo: Determinar por medio de un análisis si existe una relación con este aumento de casos y la evolu- ción de la pandemia. Material y método: Se recopilaron los casos de fracturas verticales no restaurables durante el periodo de mayor índice de casos de contagio y defunciones por COVID-19 en la Ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Resultados: Durante el primer pico de casos y defunciones causadas por la pandemia, se incrementó el número de casos de fracturas verticales no tratables. Conclusiones: Existió una relación entre la evolución de la pandemia con la aparición de casos de fracturas dentales verticales no restaurables (AU)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the presence of an increase in fractures and/or vertical fissures has been reported by Dental Surgeons in different countries and forums. Objective: To determine through an analysis, if there is a relationship with this increase in cases and the evolution of the pandemic. Material and methods: The cases of non-restorable vertical fractures were collected during the period of highest rate of cases of contagion and deaths due to COVID-19 in the City of Chihuahua, Mexico. Results: during the 1st peak of cases and deaths caused by the pandemic, the number of cases of untreatable vertical fractures increased. Conclusions: There was a relationship between the evolution of the pandemic and the appearance of cases of non-restorable vertical dental fractures (AU)

Sequelae in permanent dentition after trauma in primary dentition in patients assisted at hospital base Valdivia, Chile / Secuelas en dentición permanente por trauma en dentición temporal en pacientes atendidos en el hospital base Valdivia, Chile

Aim: To determine the type and frequency of sequelae in permanent teeth as a result of traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth in pediatric patients attended to at the Hospital Base Valdivia, between 2007 and 2012. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted. The medical records of pediatric patients who were affected by traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth and went to the Sub-department of Dentistry of the Hospital Base Valdivia, Chile, were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The recorded data was: age of the child at the time of the accident, gender, affected primary tooth, type of traumatic dental injuries, and diagnosis of the permanent successor tooth. Descriptive statistics were performed. A chi-square test was used to establish differences between type of traumatic dental injuries and condition of the permanent tooth. Results: The most frequent diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries in primary dentition was subluxation. The primary tooth with the highest frequency of traumatic dental injuries was the right maxillary central incisor; 58.2% of the permanent successors presented some developmental disturbances. The most frequent sequelae observed in permanent teeth were chronological alterations of the eruption. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of sequelae in permanent dentition as a result of trauma in primary dentition. The most frequent sequel observed was chronological alteration of the eruption. It is fundamental to inform parents about the possible consequences that could arise and emphasize the importance of attending periodic follow up in order to prevent or minimize possible sequelae in permanent teeth.

Objectivo: Determinar el tipo y frecuencia de secuelas en dientes permanentes como consecuencia de lesiones dentales traumáticas en dientes temporales en pacientes pediátricos atendidos en el Hospital Base Valdivia, entre los años 2007 y 2012. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. Se seleccionaron las historias clínicas, según criterios de inclusión y exclusión, de pacientes pediátricos que sufrieron lesiones dentales traumáticas en dientes temporales y que acudieron al sub-departamento de Odontología del Hospital Base Valdivia, Chile. Los datos registrados fueron: edad en el momento del accidente, sexo, diente temporal afectado, tipo de lesiones dentales traumáticas y diagnóstico del diente sucesor permanente. Se realizó estadística descriptiva. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado para establecer diferencias entre el tipo de lesiones dentales traumáticas y el estado del diente permanente. Resultado: El diagnóstico más frecuente de lesiones dentales traumáticas en dentición temporal fue subluxación. El diente temporal con mayor frecuencia de lesiones dentales traumáticas fue el incisivo central superior derecho. El 58.2% de los dientes sucesores permanentes presentó alguna alteración del desarrollo. Las secuelas más frecuentes observadas fueron alteraciones cronológicas de la erupción. Conclusión: Existe una alta frecuencia de secuelas en la dentición permanente como consecuencia de traumatismos en la dentición temporal. La secuela más frecuente observada fue la alteración cronológica de la erupción. Es fundamental informar a los padres sobre las posibles consecuencias que podrían surgir y enfatizar la importancia de realizar un seguimiento periódico para prevenir o minimizar posibles secuelas en los dientes permanentes.

Retratamiento y reparación de una perforación radicular. Informe clínico, radiográfico e histológico / Retreatment and healing of a case of root perforation. Clinical, radiographic and histological report

Objetivo: Describir los aspectos clínicos, radiográfi- cos e histológicos del retratamiento realizado en un segundo molar superior en el que se había producido previamente una perforación radicular durante el tratamiento original. Caso clínico: Un paciente masculino de 50 años con- currió a la consulta para realizar un retratamiento endodóntico en un segundo molar superior derecho. El examen radiográfi- co reveló la presencia de un tratamiento incompleto, un área radiolúcida periapical y una perforación radicular producida por un poste roscado insertado fuera del espacio del conducto mesio vestibular. Una vez retirado el poste, se selló la perfo- ración con Biodentine y se realizó el retratamiento. Luego de dos años, el paciente regresó a la consulta con dolor a la mas- ticación, localizado en el área correspondiente al segundo mo- lar superior derecho previamente tratado. Durante el examen clínico y radiográfico se detectó la presencia de una fractura vertical en la raíz palatina. A causa del severo compromiso radicular el molar fue extraído y derivado para su análisis his- tológico. El informe del laboratorio reveló que la perforación había sido reparada por medio de la aposición de un nuevo tejido calcificado y que el remanente periodontal adherido a la raíz se encontraba dentro de los límites normales. El presente caso clínico resalta la importancia que tiene el conocimiento cabal de la anatomía del sistema de conductos radiculares con el objeto de evitar errores de procedimiento que puedan influir negativamente en el pronóstico del tratamiento (AU)

Aim: To describe the clinical, radiographic and histo- logical aspects of the retreatment of a second upper molar in which root perforation had occurred during the original treatment. Clinical case: A 50-year old male was referred for endo- dontic retreatment of the right second maxillary molar. Radi- ographic examination revealed the presence of an incomplete root canal treatment, a radiolucent periapical area and a root perforation produced by a threaded post placed outside of the mesiobuccal root canal. After post removal, the root perfo- ration was sealed with Biodentine and the root canals were retreated. Two years later, the patient returned to the office com- plaining of severe pain during mastication, in the area of the previously retreated right second maxillary molar. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed the presence of a ver- tical fracture on the palatal root. Since this kind of root dam- age non-restorable, the tooth was extracted and submitted to histologic analysis. The laboratory report revealed that the perforation site had healed by the apposition of new calci- fied tissue, and that the remnants of periodontal tissue which persisted attached to the root were within normal limits. This clinical case highlights the importance of thorough knowl- edge of the anatomy of the root canal system in order to avoid procedural errors which may compromise the prognosis of the treatment (AU)

Age-Related Pattern of Dental Trauma in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the pattern of traumatic dental injuries among children, adolescents, and adults. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic study of children and adults who presented with dental trauma. Data utilized for this study were sociodemographic characteristics, history of the traumatic incident, presenting complaints, traumatized teeth and classification of the traumatized tissues using Ellis and Davey's classification. Results: A total of 163 participants with 307 traumatized teeth were included in the study. The participants' age ranged from 2 years to 75 years, with a mean age of 25.36 ±15.4 years. Children <10 years were the least represented (14.7%), adolescents 10-19 years accounted for 23.9%., young adults 20 to 40 years were the most represented (44.8%) and older adults >40 years (16.6%). A higher proportion of the study participants were female 83 (50.9%) and the most prevalent complaint was broken teeth (57.1%) The most prevalent aetiology of the trauma documented was fall (36.2%). The most prevalent injury type was extended crown fracture with noticeable dentinal involvement without pulp exposure. There was a statistically significant association between injury type, aetiology and age group. Conclusion: Traumatic dental injuries affect children, adolescents and adults alike. The central incisors were the most vulnerable teeth across all age groups. Age was significantly associated with the etiology of dental trauma and injury type (AU).

Fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth reinforced with different mineral aggregate-based materials

Abstract This study assessed the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth reinforced with calcium aluminate cement (CAC) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) containing calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3). The microstructural arrangement of the cements and their chemical constitution were also evaluated. Forty-eight canines simulating immature teeth were distributed into 6 groups (n=8): Negative control - no apical plug or root canal filling; CAC - apical plug with CAC; CAC/nano-CaCO3 - apical plug with CAC+5% nano-CaCO3; MTA - apical plug with MTA; MTA/nano-CaCO3 - apical plug with MTA+5% nano-CaCO3; and Positive control - root canal filling with MTA. The fracture resistance was evaluated in a universal testing machine. Samples of the cements were analyzed under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine their microstructural arrangement. Chemical analysis of the cements was performed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The fracture resistance of CAC/nano-CaCO3 was significantly higher than the negative control (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the other groups (p>0.05). Both cements had a more regular microstructure with the addition of nano-CaCO3. MTA samples had more calcium available in soluble forms than CAC. The addition of nano-CaCO3 to CAC increased the fracture resistance of teeth in comparison with the non-reinforced teeth. The microstructure of both cements containing nano-CaCO3 was similar, with a more homogeneous distribution of lamellar- and prismatic-shaped crystals. MTA had more calcium available in soluble forms than CAC.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a resistência à fratura de dentes imaturos simulados reforçados com cimento de aluminato de cálcio (CAC) ou trióxido agregado mineral (MTA) contendo nanopartículas de carbonato de cálcio (nano-CaCO3). O arranjo microestrutural dos cimentos e sua constituição química também foram avaliados. Quarenta e oito caninos simulando dentes imaturos foram distribuídos em 6 grupos (n=8): Controle negativo - sem plug apical ou obturação do canal radicular; CAC - plug apical com CAC; CAC/nano-CaCO3 - plug apical com CAC + 5% nano-CaCO3; MTA - plug apical com MTA; MTA/nano-CaCO3 - plug apical com MTA + 5% nano-CaCO3; e Controle positivo - obturação dos canais radiculares com MTA. A resistência à fratura foi avaliada em máquina universal de ensaios. Amostras dos cimentos foram analisadas em Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV) para determinar seu arranjo microestrutural. A análise química dos cimentos foi realizada por Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de Raio-X (EDS). A resistência à fratura de CAC/nano-CaCO3 foi significativamente maior do que o controle negativo (p<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os outros grupos (p>0,05). Ambos os cimentos apresentaram microestrutura mais regular com a adição de nano-CaCO3. As amostras de MTA apresentaram mais cálcio disponível em formas solúveis do que CAC. A adição de nano-CaCO3 ao CAC aumentou a resistência à fratura dos dentes em comparação aos dentes não reforçados. A microestrutura de ambos os cimentos contendo nano-CaCO3 foi semelhante, com uma distribuição mais homogênea de cristais de formato lamelar e prismático. MTA apresentou mais cálcio disponível nas formas solúveis do que CAC.

Incidencia de fracturas dentales reportadas en la Ciudad de Chihuahua durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Incidence of dental fractures reported in Chihuahua city during COVID-19 pandemic

Se presentan los casos de fracturas verticales sintomáticos que ameritaron la extracción de las órganos dentales afectados en un periodo de cinco meses durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en la ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Material y métodos: Se recolectaron 26 muestras para el estudio, proporcionadas por los cirujanos dentistas integrantes del Grupo de Egresados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Resultados: Los resultados muestran diferencias a lo reportado previamente respecto al tipo de diente involucrado, sexo de los pacientes, restauraciones coronales y tratamientos endodóncicos previos. Conclusiones: Se puede suponer que las modificaciones en el estilo de vida de la población, sumadas a la angustia permanente, pueden ser factores que contribuyen a las fracturas dentales (AU)

There are cases of symptomatic vertical fractures that warranted the extraction of affected teeth are presented, over a period of five months during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chihuahua City, Mexico. Material and methods: 26 samples were collected for the study, provided by the dentist who were members of the Graduate Group of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. Results: The results show differences from what was previously reported regarding the type of tooth involved, sex of patients, coronal restorations and previous endodontic treatments. Conclusions: It can be assumed that changes in the lifestyle of the population, added to permanent distress, may be factors to preserve dental fractures (AU)

Tratamiento regenerativo de lesión interproximal consecuente a fractura del tercio medio en diente permanente joven / Regenerative treatment of interproximal lesion following middle third fracture in a young permanent tooth

Se presenta un caso clínico de fractura radicular del tercio medio, de pieza 2.1 con desplazamiento de los cabos de fractura. Es tratado con un novedoso procedimiento terapéutico, mediante la utilización de un biomaterial de tercera generación osteoconductor, osteogénico y osteoinductor. Se obtiene la reparación del tejido conectivo interproximal y la formación de tejido calcificado (AU)

We present a clinical case of root fracture of the middle third, piece 2.1 with displacement of the fracture ends. It is treated with a novel therapeutic procedure, using a thirdgeneration osteoconductive, osteogenic and osteoinductive biomaterial. Interproximal connective tissue repair and calcified tissue formation are obtained (AU)

Awareness and Preferred Mode of Getting Information on First Aid Management of Avulsed Permanent Teeth: Survey of Nigerian Mothers

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the awareness and sources of information on first aid management of avulsed permanent teeth in a group of South-western Nigerian mothers. Material and Methods: An 18-item interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to survey 385 mothers attending the antenatal and immunization clinics on their perception towards dental avulsion, its management, sources, and preferred mode of receiving information on first aid. The effect of all significant factors was inferred at p<0.05. Results: Mothers who had previous information on the first aid management of dental avulsion had significantly higher knowledge (p=0.000). Majority (80.8%) of the mothers did not know that an avulsed permanent tooth could be replanted, though mothers whose children had not experienced dental trauma had significantly higher knowledge (p=0.003). The knowledge of first aid management of avulsed permanent tooth was low, regardless of age, education and employment status of the respondents. Conclusion: There was low knowledge among mothers regarding the first aid measures in the management of avulsed permanent teeth. Their main preference for receiving information was through social media and television. There is a need to increase oral health educational campaigns targeted towards mothers.

The perception of caregivers of poor oral health of their children and its related clinical conditions / Percepção de cuidadores sobre a má saúde bucal das crianças e sua relação com condições clínicas

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between the perception of caregivers regarding the oral health of their children and socio-demographic characteristics, report of dental pain, and clinical oral conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 570 children aged two to five years old, enrolled at public preschools, and with their caregivers. Data regarding perceptions of oral health status in children, socio-demographic characteristics, and dental pain were collected from a questionnaire. Three examiners (Kappa>0.7) evaluated children's oral health status using the dmft index, pufa index, and the Andreasen classification for traumatic dental injury (TDI). The occurrence of open bite and overjet was also investigated. Descriptive analyses, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression were used, considering a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 24.7% of children had poor oral health status, which increased 4.92-fold (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 3.05-7.93) when children had dental caries, and 3.78-fold (95%CI 1.63-8.76) when there were consequences from dental caries. The perception of poor oral health was also associated to open bite (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98; 95%CI 1.16-3.38) and TDI (OR 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.68). No associations were found between the perception of caregivers and socio-demographic variables or overjet. Conclusions: The perception of caregivers of poor oral health in their children was associated to dental caries, its consequences, TDI, and open bite.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre a percepção dos cuidadores sobre a saúde bucal das crianças e características sociodemográficas, relato de dor dentária e condições clínicas bucais. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 570 crianças de dois a cinco anos matriculadas em pré-escolas públicas e seus cuidadores. Os dados referentes à percepção do estado de saúde bucal nas crianças, características sociodemográficas e dor dentária foram coletados por meio de um questionário. Três examinadores (Kappa>0,7) avaliaram o estado de saúde bucal das crianças usando o índice ceo-d, o índice PUFA e a classificação de Andreasen para traumatismo dentário (TD). A ocorrência de mordida aberta e overjet também foi investigada. Análise descritiva e regressão logística não ajustada e ajustada foram realizadas, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A percepção da má condição de saúde bucal nas crianças foi de 24,7%, a qual aumentou 4,92 vezes (IC95% ­3,05-7,93) quando as crianças apresentaram cárie dentária e 3,78 vezes (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 1,63-8,76) quando houve consequências de cárie dentária. A percepção de saúde bucal ruim também foi associada a mordida aberta (Odds Ratio [OR] 1,98; IC95% 1,16-3,38) e TD (OR 1,68; IC95% 1,06-2,68). Não foram encontradas associações entre as percepções dos cuidadores e variáveis sociodemográficas ou overjet. Conclusões: As percepções dos cuidadores sobre a má condição de saúde bucal das crianças foram associadas à cárie dentária, suas consequências, TD e mordida aberta.

TruNatomy: ¿un nuevo instrumento o un concepto diferente? / TruNatomy: a new instrument or a different concept?

La alta incidencia de fracturas dentarias producidas a distancia del tratamiento endodóntico ha llevado a desarrollar cambios en los procedimientos operatorios, con el objeto de conservar la mayor cantidad de estructura dentaria durante la terapia de conductos radiculares. En relación con esta idea, el sistema TruNatomy trabaja sobre el concepto de endodoncia mínimamente invasiva. Una zona altamente sensible a ser considerada es el área pericervical, delimitada 4 mm por encima y 4 mm por debajo de la cresta ósea. El objetivo del presente informe es analizar las propiedades y las características técnicas del sistema de instrumentación Tru- Natomy y los cambios conceptuales que su utilización implica (AU)

The high incidence of dental fractures in the long-term after endodontic treatment has led to analyzed how to change the endodontic procedures to preserve the dental structure during root canal therapy. The TruNatomy system was developed based on the concept of Minimally Invasive Endodontics. A highly sensitive zone to be considered is the pericervical area, restricted to 4 mm above and 4 mm below the bone crest. The objective of this report is to analyze the properties and technical characteristics of the TruNatomy instrumentation system and the changes in the concepts in the clinical treatment procedures as a result of its use (AU)

Multidisciplinary conservative management of dental fracture in young patient: case report

The management of fractured permanent teeth due to dental trauma in young patients is a challenge that requires an efficient approach. Objective: Describe a conservative and multidisciplinary treatment of a case of dental trauma in a 13 years-old boy. Case report: At clinical examination was verified enamel and dentin fracture in the left upper central incisor and a fracture with pulp exposure in the right upper lateral incisor, with subgingival extension of its margin at lingual surface, and no swelling or tooth displacement was observed. At radiographic evaluation, no pulp or periradicular disturbances were verified. It was proposed the surgical lengthening of the clinical crown of the right upper lateral incisor for later performing endodontic treatment. It was decided to make direct composite resin restorations in both fractured teeth, instead of doing a prosthetic treatment in the affected lateral incisor, such as the placement of a full ceramic crown, in an attempt to perform a less invasive treatment, mainly due to the age of the patient. At a two years follow-up visit was observed the maintenance of the health of periapical tissues and the absence of clinical alterations. Conclusion: The restorations were kept in good conditions and aesthetics was considered satisfactory by professionals, patient and parents.

Introdução: O manejo de dentes permanentes fraturados por traumatismo dentário em pacientes jovens é desafiador e requer uma abordagem eficiente. Objetivo: Descrever o tratamento conservador e multidisciplinar em um caso de traumatismo dentário de um menino de 13 anos de idade. Relato do caso: Ao exame clínico foi verificada uma fratura de esmalte e dentina no incisivo central superior esquerdo e uma fratura complicada no incisivo lateral superior direito, com extensão subgengival da margem na face palatina, e não foram observados edema ou deslocamento dentário. Ao exame radiográfico, não foram verificadas alterações pulpares ou perirradiculares. Foi proposta realização de aumento da coroa clínica do incisivo lateral superior direito para posterior realização do tratamento endodôntico. Para os dois dentes traumatizados foi proposta a realização de restauração direta com resina composta, proporcionando um tratamento menos invasivo ao incisivo lateral superior direito, ao invés de submetê-lo a um tratamento protético, como a colocação de uma coroa total cerâmica, principalmente devido à pouca idade do paciente. Na visita de dois anos de acompanhamento, observou-se a manutenção da saúde dos tecidos periapicais e ausência de alterações clínicas. Conclusão: As restaurações se mantiveram em boas condições e a estética foi considerada satisfatória pelos profissionais, paciente e pais.

Influence of Vestibular Bevel on the Success of Traumatized Teeth Restorations: Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial - Preliminary Results with 6-Months Follow-Up

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the influence of cavosurface vestibular bevel (CSVB) application on the clinical success (CS) of class IV restorations of traumatized permanent teeth, the influence of the number of fracture angles and dental trauma recurrence (DTR) on the restorations retention rate (RRR) and incidence of pulp necrosis (PN). Material and Methods: Fifty-seven children and adolescents with enamel and dentin fractures requiring C-IV restorations were randomly allocated in groups with CSVB and without CSVB. The primary outcomes were the CS of restorations, evaluated using modified USPHS criteria, and the incidence of PN after a 6-months follow-up. As secondary outcomes, the influence of the number of fractured angles and the DTR on the RRR and on the incidence of PN were evaluated (p>0.05). Results: Of 57 children and adolescents, 74 teeth were restored, and 71 completed the six-month follow-up analysis. Teeth restored with and without CSVB displayed similar CS as well as the same incidence of PN (p>0.05). The number of fractured angles did not influence the RRR and DTR was not associated with PN (p>0.05). DTR was associated with a lower RRR (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cavosurface vestibular bevel did not influence the clinical success of Class IV restorations or incidence of PN after 6-months follow-up. DTR did not influence the incidence of pulp necrosis, but did negatively influence the restorations retention rate. The number of fracture angles did not influenced in the restorations retention rate.

A multi-center retrospective assessment of monolithic zirconia restorations on posterior teeth and implants / Una evaluación retrospectiva multicéntrica de restauraciones monolíticas de circonio en dientes posteriores e implantes

Objective: the purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to report on survival, success, and complication rates in monolithic zirconia restorations on teeth and implants. Materials and Methods: data on 671 monolithic zirconia restorations was collected by five prosthodontists from three different specialty practice centers, including a dental school and two private practice centers. Restorations included single crowns and multiple-unit fixed dental prostheses on teeth and implants in the posterior area (premolar and molars). Follow-up time was up to 62 months. Results: mean follow-up time was 28.1±12.9 months. A total of 671 units, 534 single crowns, and 137 multi-unit restorations. Cumulative survival and success rates at 5 years were 97.4%, and 93.8% respectively. Complications presented in 11 restorations out of 671 and included: decementation, abutment screw loosening, restoration crack, restoration fracture, and tooth fracture. No significant differences were observed between tooth-supported and implant-supported restoration (p=0.42), single crowns and multiple-unit restorations (p=0.07), bruxers and non-bruxers (p=0.57). Patients with group function occlusal scheme had significantly less survival rates (p=0.001). Conclusion: the use of monolithic zirconia for restorations on the posterior teeth and implants seems to be promising as it provides a durable solution with a low rate of complications.

Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico fue informar sobre las tasas de supervivencia, éxito y complicaciones en restauraciones monolíticas de circonio en dientes e implantes. Materiales y Métodos: cinco prostodoncistas recolectaron datos de 671 restauraciones monolíticas de zirconia de tres centros de práctica especializados: una escuela de odontología y dos centros de práctica privados. Las restauraciones incluyeron coronas individuales y prótesis dentales fijas de unidades múltiples en dientes e implantes en el área posterior (premolares y molares). El tiempo de seguimiento fue de hasta 62 meses. Resultados: el tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 28,1±12,9 meses. Un total de 671 unidades, 534 coronas individuales y 137 restauraciones de unidades múltiples. La supervivencia acumulada y las tasas de éxito a los 5 años fueron del 97,4% y del 93,8%, respectivamente. Las complicaciones se presentaron en 11 restauraciones de 671 e incluyeron: fracaso del cementado, aflojamiento del tornillo del pilar, grieta en la restauración, fractura de restauración y fractura de dientes. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre la restauración con soporte dental y con implante (p=0,42), coronas individuales y restauraciones de unidades múltiples (p=0,07), pacientes con bruxismo y sin bruxismo (p=0,57). Los pacientes con esquema oclusal de función grupal tuvieron tasas de supervivencia significativamente menores (p= 0,0 01). Conclusión: el uso de zirconia monolítica para restauraciones en los dientes posteriores y en implantes parece ser prometedor, ya que proporciona una solución duradera con una baja tasa de complicaciones.

Aesthetic recovery of the smile using a simple and effective application of prepolymerized composite veneers

Introduction: The prefabricated composite resin veneers are prepolymerized laminates of composite that appeared in the market to simplify the restorative procedure, reducing working time. They are extremely thin veneers fabricated in several sizes, which allows performing restorations with high aesthetic standard in anterior teeth using a minimally invasive technique. Objectives: This study aimed to show the use of prefabricated resin veneers in the re-anatomization and recovery of dental aesthetics of a young patient with history of fracture and darkening of anterior teeth after aesthetic periodontal surgery. Case report: The patient attended the clinic with a smile complaint and the clinical examination showed tooth 11 with cervical fracture, tooth 21 with color change and caries infiltration, and tooth 22 with inclination of the distal surface toward the palatal region. As treatment, was opted for the use of prefabricated composite resin veneers. Conclusion: The aesthetic results of this case were highly satisfactory, especially when compared with clinical time, cost, and the laboratory work of ceramic veneers, showing the quality and advantages of this material.

Introdução: As facetas pré-fabricadas de resina composta são laminados prépolimerizados de compósito que surgiram no mercado para simplificar o procedimento restaurador, reduzindo o tempo de trabalho. São facetas extremamente finas, fabricadas em diversos tamanhos, com as quais é possível realizar restaurações com alto padrão estético em dentes anteriores através de uma técnica minimamente invasiva. Objetivo: Esse trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar o uso de facetas pré-fabricadas de resina na reanatomização e recuperação da estética dentária de um paciente jovem com histórico de fratura e escurecimento dos dentes anteriores, após cirurgia estética periodontal. Relato de caso: Paciente compareceu à clínica com queixa do sorriso e ao exame clínico, observou-se dente 11 com fratura cervical, dente 21 com alteração de cor e infiltração por cárie e dente 22 com inclinação da face distal para palatina. Como tratamento, foi optado pela utilização das facetas pré-fabricadas de resina composta. Conclusão: Os resultados estéticos deste caso foram altamente satisfatórios, principalmente quando comparados ao tempo clínico, custo e trabalho laboratorial de facetas de cerâmica, mostrando a qualidade e as vantagens desse material.

Fractura radicular de tercio medio: tratamiento y cinco años de seguimiento / Treatment and 5-year follow-up of root fractures in the middle third

Objetivo: Informar el tratamiento de dos piezas con fractura radicular horizontal del tercio medio, patrones de curación y seguimiento por cinco años. Caso clínico: Se presentó a la consulta una niña de 9 años de edad con traumatismo de 10 días de evolución. Examen clínico: fractura amelodentinaria restaurada en la pieza 2.2, movilidad y sensibilidad a la percusión y palpación en ambos incisivos centrales superiores. Examen radiográfico: fractura radicular horizontal de tercio medio en piezas 1.1 y 2.1. Tratamiento: inmovilización con placa removible durante 4 semanas, indicaciones de higiene y uso, y controles de seguimiento. Al primero y al cuarto mes, ambos incisivos mostraron ausencia de movilidad, reacción positiva de sensibilidad y signos radiográficos de reabsorción superficial interna y externa. A los 6 meses, el 1.1 evidenció signos de reparación con tejido conectivo, y el 2.1, signos clínicos y radiográficos de necrosis pulpar del fragmento coronario. Se realizó el tratamiento endodóntico de la pieza 2.1 hasta el nivel de la fractura con pasta a base de hidróxido de calcio, y luego de la comprobación de la formación de una barrera de tejido duro, se obturó definitivamente con gutapercha y sellador endodóntico. Cinco años después del traumatismo, ambos incisivos se mostraron asintomáticos y los estudios por imágenes evidenciaron una completa consolidación de las fracturas. Conclusión: Un diagnóstico temprano, procedimientos apropiados de tratamiento, el conocimiento de los procesos curativos y un monitoreo cuidadoso de todos los parámetros clínicos y radiográficos son claves para un enfoque correcto y conservador de las piezas dentarias con fractura radicular (AU)

Aim: To report the treatment, healing patterns and fiveyear follow-up of two permanent incisors with horizontal root fracture located in the middle third. Case report: A 9-year-old girl who came to our consultation 10 days after a dental trauma. Clinical examination: restored enamel-dentin fracture in upper left lateral incisor; mobility and sensitivity to percussion and palpation in both upper central incisors. Radiographic examination: horizontal root fracture in the middle third of both upper central incisors. Treatment: stabilization with a removable splint for 4 weeks, indications for hygiene, use of the splint and follow-up controls. At first and fourth month, central incisors presented absence of mobility, positive response to pulp testing and radiographic signs of internal and external superficial resorption. At sixth month, signs of healing with connective tissue were found on the right central incisor, while the left one showed clinical and radiographic signs of necrosis of the coronal fragment. The root canal of this segment was treated initially with a calcium hydroxide paste and, after verifying the formation of a hard tissue barrier, it was filled with gutta- percha and endodontic sealer. Five years after the trauma, both central incisors were asymptomatic and imaging studies showed complete healing of the fractures. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment procedures, knowledge of healing patterns and careful monitoring of clinical and radiographic parameters are key factors for a proper and conservative approach of injured tooth with root fracture (AU)

Resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente reforçados com pinos customizados de fibra de vidro e carbono / Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth reinforced with customized glass and carbon fiber posts

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a resistência à fratura de quatro tipos de pinos intrarradiculares pré-fabricados: fibra de vidro, fibra de vidro customizado com resina composta, fibra de carbono e fibra de carbono customizado com resina, em dentes bovinos. Métodos: foram utilizados 60 dentes bovinos unirradiculares, que receberam tratamento endodôntico e foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: FV = pino de fibra de vidro; FVP = pino de fibra de vidro customizado; FC = pino de fibra de carbono; FCP = pino de fibra de carbono customizado; e Controle = restauração coronária com resina composta. Os dentes foram inseridos em blocos de resina acrílica, a 2 mm da junção amelocementária, simulando a interface dente-osso. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à fratura em máquina de ensaio universal, sob uma carga de 0,5mm/min, até a fratura do corpo de prova. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA, com pós-teste de Tukey. Foi realizada, também, uma análise dos padrões de fratura, por meio do teste Kruskal- -Wallis. Resultados: o grupo FCP mostrou os maiores valores de resistência à fratura, seguido pelos grupos FV, FVP e FC. O grupo controle mostrou menor resistência do que os demais, que receberam pinos intrarradiculares. Os pinos de FVP apresentaram o maior número de fraturas reparáveis, em contraste ao controle, no qual houve o maior número de fraturas desfavoráveis. Conclusão: o uso de pinos customizados reduziu a incidência de fraturas catastróficas. A ausência de pino intrarradicular ocasionou a maior incidência de fraturas irreparáveis. (AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of four types of prefabricated intraradicular posts - glass fiber, glass fiber customized by composite resin, carbon fiber, and customized carbon fiber - on bovine teeth. Methods: Sixty bovine teeth were submitted to endodontic treatment and divided into the following groups: GF - glass fiber post; CGF - customized glass fiber post; CF - carbon fiber post; CCF - customized carbon fiber post; control - composite resin restoration. The teeth were embedded in acrylic resin blocks at 2 mm from the cement-enamel junction, simulating the teeth-bone interface. The specimens were submitted to a fracture resistance test in a universal test machine under a 0.5 mm/min load until the fracture of the specimen. The values obtained were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests. The analysis of the fracture patterns was performed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The CCF group presented the highest values of fracture resistance, followed by GF, CGF, and CF posts. The control group offered less resistance than the other groups that received intraradicular posts. The CGF presented the highest number of favorable fractures, in contrast to the control group, which presented the highest number of unfavorable fractures. Conclusion: The use of customized posts reduced the incidence of catastrophic fractures. The lack of intracanal posts led to a higher incidence of irreparable fractures (AU).

Efeito do hipoclorito de sódio e do hidróxido de cálcio na resistência da dentina radicular à fratura / Effect of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide on fracture resistance of root dentin

Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes concentrações da solução de hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) e da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] sobre a resistência da dentina radicular durante o tratamento endodôntico. Métodos: oitenta raízes de incisivos inferiores bovinos foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em oito grupos: C = Controle (sem intervenção); SSF = solução salina fisiológica; NaOCl 1%; NaOCl 5%; SSF/EDTA; SSF/EDTA/Ca(OH)2; NaOCl 1%/EDTA/Ca(OH)2; e NaOCl 5%/EDTA/Ca(OH)2. Em todos os grupos, os canais radiculares foram preparados com limas tipo K manuais usando a técnica coroa-ápice, exceto no grupo controle. A solução irrigadora de cada grupo foi mantida no canal por 2 h, sendo substituída a cada 15 min. O EDTA foi aplicado durante 3 min nos grupos correspondentes. O Ca(OH)2 foi mantido nos canais radiculares durante 30 dias. Os espécimes foram submetidos a teste de resistência à compressão até a fratura, em uma máquina de ensaios universal EMIC. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em alfa = 0,05. Resultados: não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos experimentais (p > 0,05). Conclusões: o uso de NaOCl por 2h e Ca(OH)2 por 30 dias não influenciou a resistência da dentina radicular. (AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] paste on the strength of root dentin during endodontic treatment. Methods: Eighty roots of bovine mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to eight groups: C- Control (no intervention); PS- Physiological saline; 1% NaOCl; 5% NaOCl; PS/EDTA; PS/EDTA/Ca(OH)2; 1% NaOCl/EDTA/Ca(OH)2; and 5% NaOCl/EDTA/ Ca(OH)2. All groups were prepared with hand K files using the crown-down technique, except for the control group. The irrigating solution in each group was kept in the canal for 2 h, being replaced every 15 min. EDTA was applied for 3 min in the corresponding groups. Ca(OH)2 was kept in the root canals for 30 days. The specimens were subjected to compressive strength testing until fracture in an EMIC universal testing machine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance. The significance level was set as alpha = 0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference was found across the experimental groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The use of NaOCl for 2h and Ca(OH)2 for 30days did not influence the strength of root dentin (AU).