Iron deficiency and child psychomotor development in a rural region of Chota, Peru, 2022 / Deficiencia de hierro y desarrollo psicomotor infantil en una zona rural de Chota, Perú 2022 / Deficiência de ferro e desenvolvimento psicomotor infantil em uma área rural de Chota, Peru 2022

Introduction: Iron deficiency and psychomotor developmental delay are two public health problems that cause high childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, which can be related to social, economic, cultural and health factors that affect the environment where children and their family live. Objective: To determine the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and psychomotor development in children aged 2 to 4 years treated at the Cuyumalca Clinic, Chota. Materials and methods: Relational, cross-sectional study conducted on 48 children, who underwent hemoglobin testing through a portable hemoglobinometer and were subjected to the Psychomotor Development Test. Results: 31.2% of the children displayed some type of anemia, with the most common being moderate anemia (17.7%). On average, 10.9% showed some type of psychomotor developmental delay, including coordination (6.3%), language (8.4%), motor skills (16.7%), and overall development (12.5%). 4.2% of the children who had minor to moderate anemia showed developmental delay risks in the three assessed areas as well as in their overall development. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia and several domains of psychomotor development, including coordination, language, motor skills as well as overall development.

Introducción: La deficiencia de hierro y las alteraciones en el desarrollo psicomotor son dos problemas de salud pública que causan una alta morbimortalidad infantil alrededor del mundo. Los estudios apuntan a que esto se relaciona con los factores sociales, económicos, culturales y sanitarios en los que el niño y su familia vive. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre anemia ferropénica y desarrollo psicomotor en niños de 2 a 4 años atendidos en el Puesto de Salud de Cuyumalca, Chota. Materiales y métodos: Estudio relacional, transversal, desarrollado con 48 niños a quienes se les realizó un dosaje de hemoglobina con hemoglobinómetro portátil y se les aplicó el Test de Desarrollo Psicomotor. Resultados: El 31,2% de niños presentaron algún tipo de anemia, siendo la anemia moderada la más frecuente (16,7%); en promedio 10,9% evidenciaron alguna alteración en el desarrollo psicomotor en coordinación (6,3%), lenguaje (8,4%), motricidad (16,7%) y desarrollo global (12,5%). El 4,2% de niños con riesgo para el desarrollo presentaron anemia leve o moderada en las tres áreas evaluadas, al igual que en el desarrollo global. Conclusión: No existe relación estadística significativa entre anemia ferropénica y desarrollo psicomotor para las áreas de coordinación, lenguaje y motricidad; además del desarrollo global.

Introdução: A deficiência de ferro e as alterações no desenvolvimento psicomotor são dois problemas de saúde pública que causam elevada morbidade e mortalidade infantil em todo o mundo. Estudos sugerem que isso está relacionado aos fatores sociais, econômicos, culturais e de saúde em que vivem a criança e sua família. Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre anemia ferropriva e desenvolvimento psicomotor em crianças de 2 a 4 anos atendidas no Posto de Saúde Cuyumalca, Chota. Materiais e métodos: Estudo relacional, transversal, desenvolvido com 48 crianças que realizaram dosagem de hemoglobina com hemoglobinômetro portátil e foi aplicado o Teste de Desenvolvimento Psicomotor. Resultados: 31,2% das crianças apresentaram algum tipo de anemia, sendo a anemia moderada a mais frequente (16,7%); em média, 10,9% apresentaram alguma alteração no desenvolvimento psicomotor na coordenação (6,3%), linguagem (8,4%), motricidade (16,7%) e desenvolvimento global (12,5%). 4,2% das crianças em risco de desenvolvimento apresentaram anemia leve ou moderada nas três áreas avaliadas, bem como no desenvolvimento global. Conclusão: Não há relação estatística significativa entre anemia ferropriva e desenvolvimento psicomotor para as áreas de coordenação, linguagem e motricidade; bem como o desenvolvimento global.

Comparison of characteristics and laboratory tests of COVID-19 hematological patients from France and Brazil during the pre-vaccination period: identification of prognostic profiles for survival

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 disease presentation is heterogeneous, from asymptomatic up to severe life-threatening forms. Getting further insights into patients with specific diseases is of particular interest. We aimed to identify profiles of hematology patients hospitalized with COVID-19 that would be associated with survival and to assess the differences between cohorts Methods: A binational cohort of 263 patients with COVID-19 and hematological disease was studied in Paris, France and São Paulo, Brazil. Patient profiles were based on age, comorbidities, biological measurements, COVID-19 symptoms and hematological disease characteristics. A semi-supervised learning method with a survival endpoint was first used, following which, a classifier was identified to allow the classification of patients using only baseline information Main results: Two profiles of patients were identified, one being young patients with few comorbidities and low C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine levels, and the other, older patients, with several comorbidities and high levels of the 4 biology markers. The profiles were strongly associated with survival (p < 0.0001), even after adjusting for age (p = 0.0002). The 30-day survival rate was 77.1% in the first profiles, versus 46.7% in the second. The Brazilian analysis emphasized the importance of age, while the French focused on the comorbidities Conclusion: This analysis showed the importance of CRP, LHD and creatinine in the COVID-19 presentation and prognosis, whatever the geographic origin of the patients.

Oral Mucositis in Children with Leukemia Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Case Series

ABSTRACT Objective: To report nine cases of pediatric patients with Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL) or Acute Myeloid Leukemia who developed severe oral mucositis (SOM) at the first week of chemotherapy. Material and Methods: The cases were selected from a sample of 105 children followed for 10 consecutive weeks. Hematological and personal data were obtained from the patient's medical records. The oral cavity was examined weekly using the modified Oral Assessment Guide. Results: More of the patients were male (55.6%), had black/brown skin (55.6%), with ALL (66.7%), and the mean age was 5.55. Two patients had values below normal for leukocytes, platelets, and creatinine over the follow-up. However, all patients showed changes in the normality of hematological data in most weeks. The most used chemotherapeutic agents were aracytin, etoposide, and methotrexate, known for their high stomatotoxic potential. Patients had 2 to 6 (mean of 4) episodes of SOM and 4 to 7 (mean of 5.5) episodes of OM. One patient at week 7, one patient at week 5, and one patient at weeks 2 and 10 did not have OM. Saliva (84 times) and lips (44 times) were the most affected items. Conclusion: The patients showed oscillations in the severity of oral mucositis and hematological parameters over the follow-up. All patients were exposed to stomatotoxic drugs during the initial phase of cancer treatment.

Polimorfismos genéticos implicados en el desarrollo de la purpura trombocitopénica inmune / Genetic polymorphisms involved in the development of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Introducción: los cambios en el ácido desoxirribonucleico se conocen como mutaciones, estas dan lugar a los polimorfismos, los cuales generan variación alélica entre individuos y diversidad de la misma especie. Se ha sugerido que los polimorfismos genéticos en los mediadores inmunitarios desempeñan un papel fundamental en la patogénesis de muchos trastornos autoinmunes, como en la púrpura trombocitopénica inmune, siendo esta el tipo más común de púrpura trombocitopénica y, a menudo, se diagnostica como un tipo de trastorno autoinmune, debido a la destrucción de las plaquetas mediadas por el sistema inmunitario. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el papel de los polimorfismos genéticos y su influencia en el desarrollo de la púrpura trombocitopénica inmune. Métodos: se realizó revisión literaria en inglés y español en PubMed y Elsevier, desde marzo hasta mayo del 2021, con el uso de combinación de palabras clave y términos MeSH, como púrpura trombocitopénica y polimorfismos genéticos. Se realizó análisis y resumen de la literatura encontrada. Conclusión: la púrpura trombocitopénica inmune es considerada como una patología multifactorial, causada por factores ambientales y genéticos, dentro de los cuales se encuentran los polimorfismos para los mediadores inmunitarios que pueden llevar a una exacerbación de la enfermedad o no intervenir en la misma.

Introduction: Changes in deoxyribonucleic acid are known as mutations, these give place to polymorphisms, which generate allelic variation between individuals and provide diversity among same species. Genetic polymorphisms in immune mediators have been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune disorders, such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, this being the most common type of thrombocytopenic purpura and is often diagnosed as a type of autoimmune disorder, due to the destruction of platelets mediated by the immune system. Objective: To execute a bibliographic review on the role of genetic polymorphisms and their influence on the development of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Methods: A literary review in English and Spanish was performed in PubMed and Elsevier from March to May 2021, with the use of a combination of keywords and MeSH terms such as Thrombocytopenic Purpura and genetic polymorphisms. Analysis and summary of the literature found was executed. Conclusion: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura is considered a multifactorial pathology, caused by environmental and genetic factors, among which are polymorphisms for immune mediators that can lead to an exacerbation of the disease or not intervene in the same.

D-Dimer trend in a long-term rheumatoid arthritis patient with tofacitinib treatment and recent COVID-19 infection

The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first identified in December 2019, the infection was named COVID-19. The initial symptoms and evolution of the disease have been described over the past year. The virus has been shown to increase the risk of thromboembolic events due to the hypercoagulable state triggered by systemic endothelial inflammation. We present the case of a patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis under prolonged treatment with tofacitinib, who presented COVID-19 and subsequently developed a hypercoagulable state of approximately 6 months' duration. The possible association between viral infection and the use of tofacitinib is debated.

El virus SARS-CoV-2 se identificó por primera vez en diciembre de 2019; la infección se denominó COVID-19. Los síntomas iniciales y la evolución de la enfermedad se han descrito durante el último anno. Se ha demostrado que el virus aumenta el riesgo de eventos trom-boembólicos debido al estado de hipercoagulabilidad desencadenado por la inflamación endotelial sistêmica. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con antecedente de artritis reuma-toide en tratamiento prolongado con tofacitinib, que presentó COVID-19 y posteriormente desarrolló un estado de hipercoagulabilidad de aproximadamente seis meses de duración. Se debate la posible asociación entre la infección viral y el uso de tofacitinib.

IgG4-related disease associated with immune thrombocytopenia: A clinical case report

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a characteristic manifestation of the spectrum of the disease related to IgG4, a rare autoimmune disorder that presents clinically with obstructive jaundice due to the infiltration of plasma cells and fibrosis in the pancreas. There may be other symptoms in case of involvement of other organs, and in very rare cases there is hematological involvement. We present the case of an adult man with signs of cholestasis secondary to type I autoimmune pancreatitis, with involvement of other organs and associated with thrombocytopenia that improved with systemic corticosteroid-based immunosuppressive treatment, after which the patient showed favorable clinical and analytical evolution over time.

La pancreatitis autoimmune es una manifestación característica del espectro de la enfermedad relacionada con IgG4, trastorno raro de tipo autoinmune que se presenta clínicamente con ictericia obstructiva debido a la infiltración de células plasmáticas y fibrosis en el páncreas; puede presentarse con otra sintomatología en caso de afectación de otros órganos y en muy raras ocasiones hay compromiso hematológico. Se presenta el caso de un hombre adulto con signos de colestasis secundaria a una pancreatitis autoinmune tipo i, con compromiso de otros órganos y asociada con trombocitopenia que mejoró con el tratamiento inmunosupresor a base de corticoide sistémico, luego del cual se observó una evolución favorable en cuanto a la clínica y analítica en el transcurso del tiempo.

Expansion of cord blood stem cells in fibronectin-coated microfluidic bioreactor

ABSTRACT Background: Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplantation is the main treatment option for hematological malignancies and disorders. One strategy to solve the problem of low stem cell doses used in transplantation is pre-transplant expansion. We hypothesized that using fibronectin-coated microfluidic channels would expand HSPCs and keep self-renewal potential in a three-dimensional environment, compared to the conventional method. We also compared stem cell homing factors expression in microfluidic to conventional cultures. Materials and methods: A microfluidic device was created and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The CD133+ cells were collected from cord blood and purified. They were subsequently cultured in 24-well plates and microfluidic bioreactor systems using the StemSpan serum-free medium. Eventually, we analyzed cell surface expression levels of the CXCR4 molecule and CXCR4 mRNA expression in CD133+ cells cultured in different systems. Results: The expansion results showed significant improvement in CD133+ cell expansion in the microfluidic system than the conventional method. The median expression of the CXCR4 in the expanded cell was lower in the conventional system than in the microfluidic system. The CXCR4 gene expression up-regulated in the microfluidic system. Conclusion: Utilizing microfluidic systems to expand desired cells effectively is the next step in cell culture. Comparative gene expression profiling provides a glimpse of the effects of culture microenvironments on the genetic program of HSCs grown in different systems.

HIV-positive patients presenting with peripheral blood cytopenias: is bone marrow assessment a priority?

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hematologic abnormalities are frequent among persons living with HIV (PLWH). The bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and biopsy (BMB) are commonly performed in the diagnostic approach of patients with unexplained cytopenias. Changes in antiretrovirals, supportive therapy and increased life expectancy have modified the distribution and etiology of cytopenias, questioning their use. Our aim was to analyze the diagnostic yield of BMA, BMB and marrow cultures for the evaluation of cytopenias in PLWH. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of ≥ 18-year-old PLWH undergoing bone marrow assessment (MA) for the evaluation of cytopenias between January 2002 and December 2015. Results: A total of 236 cytopenic events were analyzed, 47.9% being PLWH who had a longstanding diagnosis (≥ 1 year). Adherence to antiretrovirals was 63.5%. Anemia was seen in 91.9% and pancytopenia in 39%. Common presentations included fever (52.1%), weight loss (42.8%) and adenopathies (28.8%). Median days from detection to MA was 5 (0 - 63 days). Most common etiologies were non-HIV infectious diseases (31.4%) and benign/malignant hematologic diseases (26.3%). The diagnostic yield was 16.1% for BMA, 20.3% for BMB, 30.5% for both and 35.6% when cultures were added. Patients most likely to have conclusive MA were those with moderate/severe thrombocytopenia (p = 0.007). Fever, splenomegaly, and low CD4+ counts were associated with infectious etiologies, while hematologic diagnoses were related to the presence of adenopathies. Conclusion: As a minimally invasive intervention, the MA has a high yield for identifying the etiology of cytopenic events in PLWH, being conclusive in one in three patients. Early performance could lead to prompt diagnosis and timely therapy initiation.

Diferentes formas de presentación de la anemia megaloblástica en el lactante / Different forms of presentation of megaloblastic anemia in the infant

Introducción: La anemia megalobástica es un trastorno madurativo de los precursores eritroides y mieloides causado por déficit de vitamina B12, ácido fólico, o ambos. Es poco común en la infancia y su prevalencia se desconoce por ser una enfermedad poco frecuente. Objetivo: Describir diferentes formas de presentación de la anemia megaloblástica en el lactante. Presentación de casos: Se presentan dos casos de lactantes, en el caso 1 la madre tuvo una alimentación precaria durante el embarazo y la lactancia, prolongó la lactancia materna exclusiva más de 6 meses. La paciente comenzó a perder las habilidades ganadas en el desarrollo psicomotor y presentó trastornos neurológicos graves, por lo que se consideró que se trataba de una enfermedad progresiva del sistema nervioso central. En el caso 2, en el que se prolongó la lactancia materna exclusiva, apareció trombocitopenia, por lo que se sospechó una enfermedad hematológica maligna. Resultados: En ambos casos después de realizar diversas pruebas para descartar enfermedades neurológicas (caso 1) y enfermedades hematológicas (caso 2) se diagnosticó anemia megaloblástica por déficit de vitamina B12 por disminución en la ingesta y una reserva limítrofe en la madre que lacta. En ambos casos los síntomas desaparecieron con el tratamiento vitamínico sustitutivo. Conclusiones: En el lactante la anemia megaloblástica se puede presentar de diferentes formas clínicas a pesar de tener la misma causa, un déficit en la ingesta y una reserva escasa de la madre durante el embarazo y lactancia(AU)

Introduction: Megaloblastic anemia is a maturing disorder of the erythroid and myeloid precursors caused by deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid, or both. It is uncommon in childhood and its prevalence is unknown because it is a rare disease. Objective: To describe different forms of presentation of megaloblastic anemia in infants. Presentation of cases: Two cases of infants are presented, in case 1 the mother had a precarious diet during pregnancy and lactation, and prolonged exclusive breastfeeding more than 6 months. The patient began to lose the skills gained in psychomotor development and presented severe neurological disorders, so it was considered that it was a progressive disease of the central nervous system. In case 2, in which exclusive breastfeeding was prolonged, thrombocytopenia appeared, so a malignant hematological disease was suspected. Results: In both cases, after performing various tests to rule out neurological diseases (case 1) and hematological diseases (case 2), megaloblastic anemia was diagnosed due to vitamin B12 deficiency due to a decrease in intake and a borderline reserve in the breastfeeding mother. In both cases the symptoms disappeared with vitamin replacement therapy. Conclusions: In the infant, megaloblastic anemia can occur in different clinical ways despite having the same cause, a deficit in intake and a low reserve of the mother during pregnancy and lactation(AU)

Alterações na qualidade de vida de adultos com câncer hematológico em cinco anos após o transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas / Changes in the quality of life of adults with hematological cancer in five years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Resumo: O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar as alterações da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos pacientes adultos com câncer hematológico, submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas, nos primeiros cinco anos após o procedimento. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, observacional e analítico, realizado em hospital público do sul do Brasil, referência na América Latina para esta modalidade de tratamento. Foram incluídos 55 participantes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, que se submeteram a esta terapia. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2021, com avaliações em dez etapas: pré-transplante (antes de iniciar o condicionamento), pancitopenia, pré-alta hospitalar, após 100 dias, após 180 dias, Follow up 1 (após 360 dias), e anualmente até completar cinco anos da realização do procedimento. Foram aplicados um instrumento para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e os questionários de Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30 e Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Bone Marrow Transplant, ambos traduzidos, adaptados e validados para o português - Brasil. Em relação ao diagnóstico, as leucemias estão presentes em 65% dos casos; quanto à modalidade de tratamento, o transplante de células-tronco alogênico foi realizado em 71% dos pacientes. No que diz respeito aos óbitos, a causa de maior incidência foi por recidiva da doença (44%), e o maior número ocorreu no primeiro ano (37%). A qualidade de vida global (56,6/100) e geral (90,7/148) apresentou os menores escores na etapa de pancitopenia, com melhores índices no quinto ano, (80,4/100) e (116,1/148), respectivamente. A análise com o modelo linear generalizado misto evidenciou alterações significativas nos escores dos domínios de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde entre as etapas ao longo do tempo. Foi comprovada a hipótese de que os pacientes com melhores escores nos domínios de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde observados no início do tratamento têm maior sobrevida. Os resultados do estudo inferem as correlações entre os domínios mensurados e encontram, assim, sustentação no modelo conceitual teórico utilizado. As contribuições consistem em reafirmar a dimensionalidade do constructo qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, além de agregar conhecimento acerca das alterações autopercebidas pelos pacientes durante o tratamento.

Abstract: The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the changes in the health-related quality of life of adult patients with hematological cancer undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the first five years after the procedure. This is a quantitative, longitudinal, observational and analytical study carried out in a public hospital in southern Brazil, a reference in Latin America for this treatment modality. We included 55 participants aged 18 years and over, who underwent this therapy. Data collection took place from September 2013 to January 2021, with evaluations in ten stages: pre-transplantation (before starting conditioning), pancytopenia, pre-hospital discharge, after 100 days, after 180 days, Follow up 1 ( after 360 days), and annually until completing five years of the procedure. An instrument for collecting sociodemographic and clinical data and the Health-related Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30 and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Bone Marrow Transplant questionnaires were applied, both translated, adapted and validated for Portuguese - Brazil. Regarding diagnosis, leukemias are present in 65% of cases; regarding the treatment modality, allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed in 71% of the patients. With regard to deaths, the cause of highest incidence was disease recurrence (44%), and the highest number occurred in the first year (37%). The global (56.6/100) and general (90.7/148) quality of life had the lowest scores in the pancytopenia stage, with better rates in the fifth year (80.4/100) and (116.1/148), respectively. The analysis with the mixed generalized linear model showed significant changes in the scores of the health-related quality of life domains between the stages over time. The hypothesis was confirmed that patients with better scores in the domains of health-related quality of life observed at the beginning of treatment have greater survival. The study results infer the correlations between the measured domains and thus find support in the theoretical conceptual model used. The contributions consist of reaffirming the dimensionality of the health-related quality of life construct, in addition to adding knowledge about the self-perceived changes by patients during treatment.

Resumen: El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar los cambios en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes adultos con cáncer hematológico, sometidos a trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas, en los primeros cinco años después del procedimiento. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, longitudinal, observacional y analítico realizado en un hospital público del sur de Brasil, referencia en América Latina para esta modalidad de tratamiento. Se incluyeron 55 participantes mayores de 18 años que se sometieron a esta terapia. La recolección de datos ocurrió de septiembre de 2013 a enero de 2021, con evaluaciones en diez etapas: pretrasplante (antes de iniciar el acondicionamiento), pancitopenia, alta prehospitalaria, después de 100 días, después de 180 días, Seguimiento 1 (después de 360 días), y anualmente hasta completar cinco años del procedimiento. Se aplicó un instrumento de recolección de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos y los cuestionarios Health-related Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30 y Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Bone Marrow Transplant, ambos traducidos, adaptados y validados para portugués - Brasil. En cuanto al diagnóstico, las leucemias están presentes en el 65% de los casos; en cuanto a la modalidad de tratamiento, se realizó trasplante alogénico de células madre en el 71% de los pacientes. En cuanto a las defunciones, la causa de mayor incidencia fue la recidiva de la enfermedad (44%) y el mayor número se produjo en el primer año (37%). La calidad de vida global (56,6/100) y general (90,7/148) tuvieron las puntuaciones más bajas en la etapa de pancitopenia, con mejores tasas en el quinto año (80,4/100) y (116,1/148), respectivamente. El análisis con el modelo lineal generalizado mixto mostró cambios significativos en las puntuaciones de los dominios de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre las etapas a lo largo del tiempo. Se confirmó la hipótesis de que los pacientes con mejores puntajes en los dominios de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud observados al inicio del tratamiento tienen mayor sobrevida. Los resultados del estudio infieren las correlaciones entre los dominios medidos y así encuentran apoyo en el modelo teórico conceptual utilizado. Los aportes consisten en reafirmar la dimensionalidad del constructo calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, además de sumar conocimientos sobre los cambios autopercibidos por los pacientes durante el tratamiento.

Hematological changes in SARS-COV-2 positive patients

Abstract Introduction The novel SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spreading around the world since January 2020 causing the Corona Virus Disease 2019. Leukopenia, lymphopenia and hypercoagulability with elevated D- Dimers have been described in COVID-19 patients to date. This study aimed to clarify if some blood parameters can be used as biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and establish prognosis. Methods: We selected patients who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had had a hemogram performed between the March 15 and April 15, 2020. Socio-demographic and analytical data were obtained from 274 patients at admission in two Portuguese public hospitals. We then analyzed the hemogram parameters at admission in the intensive care and collected data on patient survival during the SARS-CoV-2 disease follow-up. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Patients requiring the intensive care unit (ICU) present an increase in leukocytes and neutrophils (+3.1 × 109/L and +6.4 × 109/L, respectively), a lymphocyte decrease and a platelet rise (-1.6 × 109/L and +60.8 × 109/L, respectively). The erythrocytes, hemoglobin and median globular volume tend to decrease (-0.5 × 1012, - 1.2 g/dL; -3 fL, respectively). The lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) at admission was significantly higher (+58.1 U/L). The age, sex, platelets, lymphocyte count neutrophil counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, erythrocytes and cell hemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM) are independently associated with mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.046, p < 0.001; OR = 0.2364, p= 0.045; OR = 9.106, p= 0.001; OR = 0.194, p= 0.033; OR = 0.062, p= 0.003; OR = 0.098, p= 0.002; OR = 9.021, p < 0.001; OR = 7.016, p= 0.007, respectively). Conclusion The hematological data at admission in the health care system can predict the mortality of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and we recommend its use in the clinical decisions and patient prognosis evaluation.

Dysregulation in erythrocyte dynamics caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection: possible role in shuffling the homeostatic puzzle during COVID-19

Abstract Introduction The evolving COVID-19 pandemic became a hallmark in human history, not only by changing lifestyles, but also by enriching scientific knowledge on viral infection and its consequences. Objective Although the management of cardiorespiratory changes is pivotal to a favorable prognosis during severe clinical findings, dysregulation of other systems caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection may imbalance erythrocyte dynamics, such as a bidirectional positive feedback loop pathophysiology. Method and Results Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of affecting the genetics and dynamics of erythrocytes and this coexists with a non-homeostatic function of cardiovascular, respiratory and renal systems during COVID-19. In hypothesis, SARS-CoV-2-induced systematical alterations of erythrocytes dynamics would constitute a setpoint for COVID-19-related multiple organ failure syndrome and death. Conclusion The present review covers the most frequent erythrocyte-related non-homeostatic findings during COVID-19 capable of providing mechanistic clues of SARS-CoV-2-induced infection and inspiring therapeutic-oriented scientific evidence.

Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in pediatric patients with oncohematological diseases

Abstract Introduction Invasive fungal diseases represent important causes of morbidity and mortality among pediatric oncohematological patients. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare and aggressive disease that occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients. The mortality rate is high and therefore, accurate and early diagnosis is essential. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis among pediatric oncohematological patients and characterize them with confirmed diagnoses. Methods This was a retrospective study that analyzed the medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with oncohematological diseases and suspected fungal infections, who were included after obtaining informed consent, from January to December 2017, in the pediatric unit of a tertiary university hospital. Data collected from medical record analysis included the following: underlying diagnosis, absolute neutrophil count, clinical presentation, culture and biopsy results, surgical procedures performed, survival and mortality. Results A total of 27 patients were evaluated, with three suspected cases of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Histopathological and microbiological analyses confirmed two cases. In both cases, the pathogen isolated in the culture was Fusarium sp. The two confirmed cases were female, aged 12 and 14 years, both with an absolute neutrophil count of 10 cells/μL. The underlying disease of the first patient was acute myeloid leukemia (subtype M5), whereas the second patient presented idiopathic bone marrow aplasia. Conclusion Both confirmed cases of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis presented with constitutional symptoms and signs of nasal and sinusital inflammation. This demonstrates the importance of fever as a symptom in immunocompromised patients and it should prompt otorhinolaryngological investigation.

Enfermedades hematológicas y no hematológicas relacionadas con el fenotipo ABO en pacientes de una unidad hospitalaria de Medellín / Hematological and non-hematological diseases related to the ABO phenotype in patients at a Medellín hospital unit

Resumen Introducción. El sistema sanguíneo ABO está compuesto por los antígenos A y B, los cuales varían de acuerdo a las sustituciones de nucleótidos, que determinan la especificidad de la enzima para la cual codifican. Su importancia clínica se extiende más allá de los procesos transfusionales, aparentemente está involucrado en la fisiopatología de varias enfermedades, como cáncer, infecciones, alteraciones cardiovasculares, entre otras. Metodología. estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, con 2708 datos de clasificación de grupo sanguíneo ABO en pacientes hospitalizados. Se realizó la prueba de Chi2 de independencia para determinar la relación entre enfermedades hematológicas y no hematológicas y el grupo sanguíneo. Resultados. El grupo sanguíneo O se presentó en el 59,2% y el AB en el 18% de los pacientes; las entidades clínicas que predominaron fueron las no hematológicas; entre ellas las más frecuentes la hemorragia gastrointestinal, diabetes mellitus y las fracturas tanto para el grupo A como el B. En el grupo AB se presentó la tuberculosis y hemorragia gastrointestinal. Para las enfermedades de la sangre y de los órganos hematopoyéticos, en los grupos sanguíneos A, AB y O predominó la anemia de tipo no especificada, por su parte en el grupo B se presentó la anemia falciforme en crisis. Conclusión. en el presente estudio no se pudo establecer desde el análisis estadístico la relación entre los antígenos de grupo sanguíneo y el desarrollo de una entidad clínica en particular, pero desde el punto de vista clínico si se pudo notar la tendencia de una frecuencia más alta de una enfermedad en un grupo sanguíneo específico.

Abstract Introduction. The ABO blood system is composed of A and B antigens, which vary according to nucleotide substitutions, which determine the specificity of the enzyme for which they code. Its clinical importance extends beyond transfusion processes, apparently it is involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as cancer, infections, cardiovascular disorders, among others. Methodology. retrospective descriptive study, with 2708 ABO blood group classification data in hospitalized patients. The Chi2 test of independence was performed to determine the relationship between hematological and non-hematological diseases and blood group. Results. Blood group O was present in 59.2% and AB in 18% of the patients; the clinical entities that predominated were non-hematological ones; Among them the most frequent were gastrointestinal bleeding, diabetes mellitus and fractures for both group A and B. In group AB, tuberculosis and gastrointestinal bleeding occurred. For diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs, anemia of unspecified type predominated in blood groups A, AB and O, while in group B there was sickle cell anemia in crisis. Conclusion. in the present study, the relationship between blood group antigens and the development of a particular clinical entity could not be established from the statistical analysis, but from the clinical point of view, the trend of a higher frequency could be observed. of a disease in a specific blood group.

Lípidos anormales y síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida: asociación de lípidos séricos con el estado del VIH / Abnormal Lipids and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Association of Serum Lipids with HIV Status

Contexto y objetivo: las anomalías hematológicas se encuentran entre las complicaciones más comunes de la infección por el VIH. También se han realizado bastantes estudios sobre las alteraciones en el perfil de lípidos, aunque los resultados en gran medida no han sido concluyentes. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo para evaluar el recuento de células CD4 y el perfil de lípidos en los pacientes infectados por el VIH y el SIDA en la población india y los correlaciona con los controles sero-negativos. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio fue diseñado como un estudio transversal, con base en un hospital, para evaluar el recuento de células CD4 y el perfil de lípidos en los pacientes infectados por VIH y SIDA en la población india y los correlaciona con los controles sero-negativos. La evaluación del perfil de lípidos se realizó utilizando Erba EM 360, un analizador automático impulsado por un fotómetro de rejilla de difracción, mientras que los recuentos de células CD4 se evaluaron utilizando el Contador de ciclo de Partec. Análisis estadístico utilizado: Los datos se analizaron con SPSS versión 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, EE. UU.). La comparación de dichos parámetros se realizó mediante el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba post-hoc de Games-Howell. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p <0,05. Resultados: Los niveles de colesterol total y lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) disminuyeron significativamente, mientras que los triglicéridos y las lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDL) aumentaron significativamente en los pacientes infectados por VIH y SIDA en comparación con los controles sero-negativos. Conclusión: El colesterol total, las LDL, los triglicéridos y las VLDL se alteraron significativamente en los pacientes infectados por VIH y con SIDA en comparación con los controles sero-negativos

Context and Aim: Hematological abnormalities are amongst the most common complications of infection with HIV.There have been quite a few studies on the alterations in lipid profile, too, though the results have largely been inconclusive. The present study was carried-out to assess CD4 cell counts and lipid profile in the HIV infected and AIDS patients in the Indian population and correlates them with the sero-negative controls. Materials and Methods: The present study was designed as a cross-sectional, hospital-based study to assess CD4 cell counts and lipid profile in the HIV infected and AIDS patients in the Indian population and correlates them with the sero-negative controls. Evaluation of lipid profile was done using Erba EM 360, an automated analyzer powered by a diffraction grating photometer while CD4 cell counts were evaluated using Partec Cyflow Counter. Statistical analysis used: The data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Comparison of the said parameters was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Games-Howell test. p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were significantly decreased while triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) were significantly increased in the HIV infected and AIDS patients when compared with the sero-negative controls. Conclusion: Total cholesterol, LDLs, triglycerides and VLDLs were significantly altered in the HIV infected and AIDS patients when compared with the sero-negative controls

Elementos de las competencias en medicina transfusional para la especialidad Anestesiología y Reanimación / Elements of transfusion medicine competencies in Anesthesiology and Reanimation

Introducción: El desempeño competente del personal médico en medicina transfusional implica profundos conocimientos que no recibe durante el proceso formativo. Objetivo: Identificar elementos para la normalización de la competencia en medicina transfusional para la especialidad Anestesiología y Reanimación. Métodos: Estudio educacional de corte transversal. Se realizó un análisis documental sobre normalización de las competencias profesionales en Cuba y sobre los componentes de la competencia en medicina transfusional para la especialidad. Asimismo, se examinaron los contenidos y habilidades de medicina transfusional en el programa de la residencia. Finalmente, fueron entrevistados profesores de la especialidad. Resultados: La competencia abarca conocimientos sobre riesgos de transmisión de infecciones al paciente, prescripción segura de componentes sanguíneos, reconocimiento de las reacciones transfusionales, ejecución y enseñanza al no graduado de los procedimientos para la transfusión de sangre alogénica. Implica conocer y actualizarse en los aspectos éticos, científicos y legales involucrados. Incluye demostrar conocimientos, habilidades y valores para la preparación preoperatoria de los pacientes con anemia, riesgo hemorrágico y otras enfermedades hematológicas, para el empleo de alternativas y para el ahorro de componentes sanguíneos. Los profesores reconocieron que al comenzar la residencia es necesario un entrenamiento, para luego poder realizar una práctica transfusional segura. Conclusiones: Ser competente en medicina transfusional, subdisciplina de la especialidad Anestesiología y Reanimación, demanda movilizar un conjunto de conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y valores de manera simultánea, interrelacionada y oportuna para transfundir menos y mejor, con más seguridad y menor costo(AU)

Introduction: Competent performance by the health care personnel in transfusion medicine implies deep knowledge not received during training. Objective: Identify elements of competence standardization in transfusion medicine for the specialty of anesthesiology and resuscitation. Methods: A cross-sectional educational study was conducted. A document analysis was carried out about standardization of professional competences in Cuba and about the components of competence in transfusion medicine for the specialty. Examination was also performed of transfusion medicine contents and skills in the residency program. Finally, professors from the specialty were interviewed. Results: Competence comprises knowledge about risks for the transmission of infections to patients, safe prescription of blood components, identification of transfusion reactions, and performance of and undergraduate training in allogeneic blood transfusion procedures. It implies knowledge and updated awareness of the ethical, scientific and legal aspects involved. It includes demonstrating knowledge, skills and values related to preoperative preparation of patients with anemia, hemorrhagic risk and other hematologic diseases, to use alternatives and save blood components. The professors recognized that training is required at the start of the residency program to ensure the performance of safe transfusion practices. Conclusions: Being competent in transfusion medicine, a subdiscipline of the specialty of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, requires mobilization of a set of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values in a simultaneous, interrelated and timely fashion to transfuse less but better, with greater safety and at a lower cost(AU)

Análisis de las temáticas y enfoques de los artículos publicados en la Revista NOVA en el periodo comprendido entre 2014 y 2019 / Analysis of the topics and approaches of the articles published in the Scientific Publication NOVA in the period between 2014 and 2019

Resumen Objetivo. Identificar los enfoques y temáticas publicadas en la Revista Nova en los últimos 5 años y realizar una descripción narrativa de los mismos. Metodología. Revisión documental y análisis de las contribuciones teóricas y empíricas producidas durante el periodo comprendido entre 2014 y 2019 de publicación de la Revista NOVA. Resultados. Se identificaron dos enfoques: área médica y ciencias biológicas y seis temáticas relevantes: 1. Enfermedades infecciosas y resistencia bacteriana, 2. Enfermedades raras y neurodegenerativas, 3. Enfermedades tropicales, 4. Enfermedades metabólicas y diagnóstico prenatal, 5. Enfermedades cardiovasculares y hematológicas, 6. Biotecnología y calidad del agua. Conclusiones. La Revista NOVA ha realizado importantes contribuciones a la divulgación científica desde las áreas de la salud y biológicas, particularmente en seis temáticas de relevancia para el país y el mundo.

Abstract Objective. Identify the approaches and topics published in Nova in the last 5 years and make a narrative description of them. Methodology. Documentary review and analysis of the theoretical and empirical contributions produced during the period of the last 5 years of publication of the NOVA. Results. Two approaches were identified: medical and biological sciences area and six relevant topics: 1. Infectious diseases and bacterial resistance, 2. Rare and neurodegenerative diseases, 3. Tropical diseases, 4. Metabolic diseases and prenatal diagnosis, 5. Cardiovascular and hematological diseases, 6. Biotechnology and water quality. Conclusions. NOVA Scientific Publication has made important contributions to scientific dissemination from the health and biological areas, particularly on six topics of relevance to the country and the world.