Pancreatitis crónica: análisis de factores de progresión de la enfermedad / Chronic pancreatitis: analysis of disease progression factors

BACKGROUND: Alcohol and tobacco are important risk factors for chronic pancreatitis (CP). AIM: To analyze the effect of etiological factors such as tobacco and alcohol and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) in the progression of CP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of CP were recruited and grouped according to variables such as tobacco, alcohol and PERT. They were followed for 18 months. Subsequently, different variables and analytical parameters involved in the progression of the disease were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with CP were included. Of these, 28 patients underwent PERT, 39 were smokers and 33 were alcohol users. Compared with patients without PERT, those with PERT had a higher proportion of diabetes (64 and 32%, respectively), had a higher need for endoscopic treatment (25 and 0%, respectively) and a normal body mass index (71 and 27.3%, respectively. The smokers had higher calcium levels and increased lymphocytosis and leukocytosis. The alcohol consumption group had a higher mean age (p = 0.04) CONCLUSIONS: PERT may improve the nutritional status but does not reduce the need for endoscopic or surgical treatment. Smoking and alcohol consumption favored the progression of CP. Also, smoking induced a pro-inflammatory state.

Agenesia del páncreas dorsal: reporte de caso y revisión del tema / Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas: case report and topic review

Complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (ADP) is an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly, compatible with life. It may be asymptomatic and usually incidentally diagnosed. In symptomatic cases, the clinical manifestations vary from abdominal pain, pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus to exocrine insufficiency with steatorrhea. We present a case report of a 28 year old female with ADP, diagnosed incidentally during radiological evaluation for hyperglycemias in SARS COV2 concomitant affection. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography confirmed the absence of, neck, body and tail of the pancreas. Knowing the pancreatic embryogenesis, the clinical presentation of their malformations and the main radiological characteristics is important for the proper diagnosis of these anomalies.

Pancreatitis recurrente en pediatría: serie de casos / Recurrent pancreatitis in children: Case series

La pancreatitis recurrente (PR) ocurre en el 15-36 % de las pancreatitis agudas, en la edad pediátrica. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, para determinar la etiología y la evolución en menores de 18 años con diagnóstico de PR entre 2008-2016 en el Hospital Garrahan. Se incluyeron 10 pacientes, el 90 % de sexo femenino. La mediana de edad fue de 11 años. La mediana del número de episodios fue de nueve. La ecografía abdominal y/o la colangioresonancia iniciales mostraron hallazgos patológicos en cuatro pacientes. De los seis pacientes con estudios iniciales normales, tres desarrollaron signos de pancreatitis crónica (PC), uno con estenosis del Wirsung sugestiva de pancreatitis autoinmune. El 40 % de los pacientes tuvo diagnóstico etiológico. En el seguimiento, tres pacientes con pancreatitis idiopática desarrollaron PC. Los factores genéticos podrían jugar un papel en los casos considerados idiopáticos.

Recurrent pancreatitis (RP) occurs in children between 15-35 % of the cases. To determine the etiology and outcome of RP in children a descriptive, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in children under 18 years of age with RP seen at Hospital Garrahan between 2008-2016. Of 10 patients with RP, 90 % were girls. Median age of the diagnoses of RP was 11. Median number of episodes was 9. Initial abdominal ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were abnormal in four patients. Of six patients with normal studies at onset, three developed signs of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and one stenosis of the duct of Wirsung suggestive of autoimmune pancreatitis. In 40 % of our patients, the etiology was determined. On follow-up, three patients with idiopathic pancreatitis developed CP. Genetic factors may play a role in patients considered to have idiopathic pancreatitis.

Pancreatitis del surco (groove) que imita cáncer de páncreas: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Groove pancreatitis mimicking pancreatic cancer: Case report and literature review

Resumen La pancreatitis del surco (PS) o "groove pancreatitis", es una forma de pancreatitis crónica infrecuente; nombrada así por su localización en el surco pancreatoduodenal. Suele predominar en varones con antecedente de ingesta de alcohol. Es de gran importancia realizar diagnóstico diferencial con cáncer de páncreas, dada su ubicación. Los avances en los métodos diagnósticos, como la ultrasonografía endoscópica, han permitido un abordaje más certero, sin embargo, no se cuenta con guías de manejo y las aproximaciones terapéuticas siguen siendo basadas en patologías similares.

Abstract Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis located in the pancreaticoduodenal groove, hence its name. It is predominant in males with a history of alcohol intake. Making a differential diagnosis between this condition and pancreatic cancer is highly relevant given its location. Advances in diagnostic methods, such as endoscopic ultrasonography, have allowed a more accurate approach. However, no management guidelines are available and therapeutic approaches are still based on similar pathologies.

Descripción clínica y epidemiológica de pacientes con pancreatitis crónica en un hospital de alta complejidad en Cali, 2011 a 2017 / Clinical and epidemiological description of patients with chronic pancreatitis treated at a quaternary care hospital in Cali, 2011-2017

Resumen Introducción: la pancreatitis crónica (PC) es una inflamación progresiva del páncreas que puede llevar a su destrucción e insuficiencia irreversibles. Es una patología desafiante para el médico, debido a que establecer su diagnóstico puede tomar meses e incluso años, el seguimiento de pacientes suele ser problemático y el conocimiento sobre la clínica y epidemiología en Colombia es incompleto. Este estudio pretende hacer una descripción de pacientes con PC en un centro de referencia en gastroenterología de Cali, Colombia. Metodología: estudio de corte transversal de pacientes adultos con PC confirmada por criterios clínicos y radiológicos entre 2011 y 2017. Resultados: se incluyeron 36 pacientes con PC. La mayoría fueron hombres (72,2%) y la media de edad fue 56 (+ 15,1) años. El dolor abdominal crónico fue la presentación clínica más común (83,3%). Cerca de un cuarto de pacientes presentaba diabetes mellitus (22,2%). Se consideró etiología idiopática en 58,3%, alcohólica en el 11,0% y biliar en el 11,0%. La tomografía axial computarizada (TAC), resonancia magnética (RMN) y colangiopancreatografía por RMN fueron los métodos diagnósticos más usados (60,5%), con los que en su mayoría se visualizó atrofia (53,1%), dilatación de conductos (49,0%) y calcificaciones del páncreas (34,7%). Conclusión: los síntomas inespecíficos de la PC en fases iniciales y su largo curso clínico favorecen al subdiagnóstico de esta patología. Los resultados presentados pueden contribuir a la futura creación de escalas clínicas locales que orienten estudios radiológicos y genéticos tempranos, con el fin de lograr un diagnóstico oportuno y mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammation of the pancreas that can lead to irreversible damage and failure. This condition poses great challenges to physicians since its diagnosis can take months or even years. Patient follow-up is often problematic and knowledge about its clinical presentation and epidemiology in Colombia is scarce. This study aims to describe patients with CP treated at a gastroenterology reference center in Cali, Colombia. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in adult patients with CP confirmed based on clinical and radiological criteria between 2011 and 2017. Results: 36 patients with CP were included. The majority were men (72.2%), and the mean age was 56 (+15.1) years. Chronic abdominal pain was the most common clinical presentation (83.3%). About a quarter of patients had diabetes mellitus (22.2%). Etiology was idiopathic in 58.3%, alcoholic in 11.0%, and biliary in 11.0%. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRI cholangiopancreatography were the most commonly used diagnostic methods (60.5%), showing mostly atrophy (53.1%), duct dilation (49.0%), and pancreatic calcifications (34.7%). Conclusion: Nonspecific symptoms of CP in early stages and its long clinical course favor the underdiagnosis of this condition. The results presented may contribute to the future creation of local clinical scales that guide early radiological and genetic studies to achieve a timely diagnosis and improve the quality of life of these patients.

Alcoholic vs. non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis: surgeons' perspective from a tertiary centre in india / Perspectiva dos cirurgiões sobre pancreatite crônica alcoólica vs. não-alcoólica de um centro terciário na índia

ABSTRACT Background: Although alcohol is the most common cause for chronic pancreatitis worldwide, idiopathic type is prevalent in India. Natural history and disease progression are different between these two groups. There is paucity of data comparing surgical outcome and quality of life in these patients. Aim: To evaluate clinical features, surgical outcome and quality of life between these two groups of patients. Method: All patients with chronic pancreatitis who underwent surgery were prospectively reviewed. Results: From 98 patients, 42 were alcoholic. Number of male and the mean age at the time of operation was significantly more in alcoholic patients. Smoking, preoperative hospital admission rate and the prevalence of local complications like inflammatory pancreatic head mass, biliary stricture and left sided portal hypertension were distinctly more common in alcoholic group. Frey procedure was required more commonly in alcoholic group. Mean postoperative hospital stay and overall postoperative complication rate were comparable between the two groups. Over a median follow up of 18 months there was significant improvement in quality of life and pain score in both the groups. Improvement of physical functioning score at follow-up was significantly more in alcoholic group but the requirement for analgesic medications were significantly more in alcoholic group. However, appetite loss was more perceived by non-alcoholic group. Conclusion: Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis presents with more local complications associated with chronic pancreatitis. Frey procedure is a safe and well accepted surgery in this group. Though they required more analgesic requirement in short term follow up, other aspects of quality of life are similar to non-alcoholic group.

RESUMO Racional: Embora o álcool seja a causa mais comum de pancreatite crônica em todo o mundo, a forma idiopática é prevalente na Índia. A história natural e a progressão da doença são diferentes entre esses dois grupos. Há escassez de dados comparando o resultado cirúrgico e a qualidade de vida entre eles. Objetivo: Avaliar as características clínicas, o resultado cirúrgico e a qualidade de vida entre esses dois grupos de pacientes. Método: Todos os pacientes com pancreatite crônica operados foram revisados ​​retrospectivamente. Resultados: Do total de 98 pacientes, 42 eram alcoolistas. O número de homens e a idade média no momento da operação foi significativamente maior nos alcoolistas. Tabagismo, taxa de internação pré-operatória e prevalência de complicações locais como massa inflamatória da cabeça do pâncreas, estenose biliar e hipertensão portal do lado esquerdo foram distintamente mais comuns no grupo de alcoolistas e o procedimento de Frey foi exigido mais comumente neste grupo. A média de internação pós-operatória e a taxa geral de complicações pós-operatórias foram comparáveis ​​entre os dois grupos. Ao longo de acompanhamento médio de 18 meses houve melhora significativa na qualidade de vida e pontuação de dor em ambos os grupos. A melhora no escore de funcionamento físico foi significativamente maior no grupo de alcoolistas, mas a necessidade de medicamentos analgésicos foi significativamente maior nos alcoolistas. No entanto, a perda de apetite foi mais percebida pelo grupo não alcoólico. Conclusão: A pancreatite crônica alcoólica se apresenta com mais complicações locais associadas à pancreatite crônica. O procedimento de Frey é operação segura e bem aceita neste grupo. Embora exigissem mais necessidade de analgésicos no acompanhamento em curto prazo, outros aspectos da qualidade de vida são semelhantes ao grupo não alcoólico.

Estado actual del diagnóstico y manejo de la pancreatitis crónica / The current state of diagnosis and management of chronic pancreatitis

Resumen La pancreatitis crónica (PC) es una condición inflamatoria que lleva a fibrosis, con destrucción y compromiso del parénquima pancreático y de los ductos. Estos cambios permanentes pueden llevar a alteración de la función pancreática tanto exocrina como endocrina, estenosis biliares y pancreáticas, que llevan a su vez a otras consecuencias, como la formación de pseudoquistes, incluso incrementa la posibilidad de desarrollar cáncer de páncreas. La principal característica clínica de estos pacientes es el dolor, el cual altera de forma importante su calidad de vida. Para diagnosticar la PC contamos con pruebas funcionales, las cuales se pueden dividir en directas o indirectas, y pruebas de estructura pancreática. El gran reto de estos métodos consiste en diagnosticar la enfermedad en estadios iniciales, donde la aproximación diagnóstica es más difícil por la sutileza de los cambios. Una vez diagnosticada la PC, el manejo también debe ser escalonado; este se puede dividir a su vez en manejo médico, como paso inicial, manejo endoscópico y manejo quirúrgico o, en los casos más difíciles, la combinación de estos. El objetivo es manejar y entender al paciente y su enfermedad como un todo, con el fin de proporcionarle la mejor calidad de vida posible al paciente. A continuación, se presenta una revisión enfocada en el diagnóstico y manejo de esta entidad a la luz de la evidencia actual disponible.

Abstract Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory condition that leads to fibrosis, damage, and even destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma and ducts. These permanent changes can alter pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functioning, cause biliary and pancreatic stenosis, lead to formation of pseudocysts and even increase the possibility of developing pancreatic cancer. The main clinical characteristic is pain which significantly alters quality of life. To diagnose the CP, we have direct and indirect functional tests and the pancreatic structure test. The great challenge of these methods is early diagnosis, but this is difficult due to the subtlety of changes. Once CP is diagnosed, management must be staggered. Medical management is the initial step which can be followed by endoscopic management, surgical management, and for the most difficult cases a combination of these. The goal is to manage and understand the whole patient and illness to provide the best possible quality of life. This review article focuses on CP diagnosis and management in light of the currently available evidence.

Intervencionismo endoscópico en la pancreatitis crónica / Endoscopic Intervention in Chronic Pancreatitis

Resumen La pancreatitis crónica es un trastorno irreversible y progresivo del páncreas caracterizado por inflamación, fibrosis y cicatrización. Las funciones exocrinas y endocrinas se pierden, lo que a menudo conduce al dolor crónico. La etiología es multifactorial, aunque el alcoholismo es el factor de riesgo más importante en los adultos. Si se sospecha pancreatitis crónica, la tomografía computarizada con contraste es la mejor modalidad de diagnóstico por imágenes. Aunque los narcóticos y los antidepresivos proporcionan el mayor alivio del dolor, más de la mitad de los pacientes eventualmente requiere una intervención por endoscopia o cirugía. La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica es una alternativa eficaz para una variedad de terapias en el tratamiento de enfermedades benignas y malignas del páncreas. En los últimos 50 años, la endoterapia ha evolucionado hasta convertirse en la terapia de primera línea en la mayoría de las enfermedades inflamatorias agudas y crónicas del páncreas. A medida que avanza este campo, es importante que los gastroenterólogos mantengan un conocimiento adecuado de la indicación del procedimiento, mantengan el volumen de procedimiento suficiente para manejar la endoterapia pancreática compleja y comprendan enfoques alternativos a las enfermedades pancreáticas, incluidos el tratamiento médico, la terapia guiada por ecografía endoscópica, el manejo de las estenosis sintomáticas y cálculos, las intervenciones sobre el plexo celíaco y el drenaje de los pseudoquistes pancreáticos.

Abstract Chronic pancreatitis is an irreversible and progressive disorder of the pancreas characterized by inflammation, fibrosis and scarring. Exocrine and endocrine functions are lost often leading to chronic pain. Its etiology is multifactorial, although alcoholism is the most important risk factor in adults. If chronic pancreatitis is suspected, computed tomography with contrast is the best imaging modality. Although narcotics and antidepressants provide the greatest pain relief, more than half of all patients eventually require intervention by endoscopy or surgery. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an effective alternative for a variety of therapies for treating benign and malignant diseases of the pancreas. In the last 50 years, endoscopic treatment has evolved to become the first-line therapy for most acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the pancreas. As this field progresses, it has become important for gastroenterologists to keep their knowledge of indications for this procedure up-to-date and to perform a sufficient volume of procedures to allow them to manage complex pancreatic endoscopic therapy. Keeping up-to-date should include an understanding of alternative approaches to pancreatic diseases including medical treatment, therapy guided by endoscopic ultrasound, management of symptomatic stenoses and stones, interventions on the celiac plexus, and drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts.

Utilidad de la colangiopancreatoscopia directa en el manejo del cálculo pancreático, a propósito de un caso (con video) / Usefulness of Direct Cholangiopancreatoscopy for Management of Pancreatic Calculi: Case Study (with video)

Resumen Se presenta el caso de un paciente con pancreatitis crónica y hallazgo de lesión quística en el ducto pancreático principal, a quien se le realizó colangioscopia directa tipo Spyglass y se encontró un gran cálculo impactado a nivel de la cabeza del páncreas, condicionando una formación pseudoquística. Se realizó litotricia láser y se logró la extracción en su totalidad, con lo cual se logró la remisión sintomática.

Abstract We present the case of a patient with chronic pancreatitis. After finding a cystic lesion in the main pancreatic duct, the patient underwent direct cholangioscopy using the SpyGlass DS System. A large impacted calculus and pseudocyst formation was found in the head of the pancreas. Laser lithotripsy was used to extract the entire calculus and symptomatic remission was achieved.

A pancreatic hemorrhagic pseudocyst with pseudoaneurysm and the role of doppler ultrasonography: a case report

SUMMARY Hemorrhagic pseudocysts with pseudoaneurysms are a rare and fatal complication of chronic pancreatitis due to the erosion of pancreatic to peripancreatic arteries. The timing of the rupture cannot be accurately predicted, but prompt diagnosis and management are essential to prevent further bleeding. We describe the case of a 68-year-old man who presented acute epigastric pain and anemia and had a history of chronic pancreatitis with a pseudocyst. A biliary and pancreas MRI showed an enlarged size of a known pancreatic pseudocyst with internal high signal intensity material. Color-Doppler ultrasonography showed pulsating signals in the pseudocyst, and our final diagnosis was a pseudoaneurysm in the pancreatic hemorrhagic pseudocyst. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated with coil embolization of the feeding artery. We report this case of a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis to show that color-Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive and effective diagnostic tool for pseudoaneurysm, which enables early detection and prompt treatment without the need for invasive diagnostic modalities.

Pancreatitis crónica calcificante en un paciente con enolismo y tabaquismo pesado / Chronic calcifying pancreatitis in a patient with enolism and heavy smoking

Hombre de 62 años con enolismo crónico y tabaquismo pesado activo, síntomas de 3 meses de evolución consistente principalmente en deposiciones diarreicas amarillentas, flotantes, fétidas, 12 diarias, que no mejoran con el ayuno, lo despiertan en la noche, con meteorismo y dolor abdominal, perdida de 12 kg de peso y edemas periféricos. La tomografía de abdomen confirmo la sospecha de pancreatitis crónica e insuficiencia exocrina como causal de la diarrea crónica y esteatorrea (1). La pérdida de peso y malnutrición son hallazgos frecuentes, para el manejo se requiere de enzimas pancreáticas a más de 40.000 U con cada comida(2). El alcoholismo y el tabaquismo activo aceleran y contribuyen al progreso de calcificación (3)(4) y en esta fase hasta el 90 % de los pacientes presentaran diabetes mellitus(5).

Endovascular treatment of pseudoaneurysms secondary to chronic pancreatitis: reports of two cases / Tratamento endovascular de pseudoaneurisma decorrente de pancreatite crônica: relato de dois casos

Abstract Pseudoaneurysm secondary to chronic pancreatitis is a rare complication, but one with a high mortality rate. It is etiologically associated with chronic pancreatitis, and most diagnoses are made after rupture, which manifests with clinical signs of acute hemorrhage. Computed tomography plays an important role in diagnosis, but digital subtraction angiography remains the gold-standard method for diagnostic confirmation and for treatment planning. This article describes two cases of pseudoaneurysm in patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis; one involving the splenic artery and the other the gastroduodenal artery, complicated by thoracic and abdominal bleeding respectively. Both were successfully treated, using minimally invasive endovascular methods to implant coils and stent-grafts.

Resumo O pseudoaneurisma decorrente de pancreatite crônica consiste em complicação rara, porém com alta taxa de mortalidade. Está etiologicamente associado à pancreatite crônica, e seu diagnóstico é feito mais comumente após ruptura, manifestando-se através de sinais clínicos de hemorragia aguda. A tomografia computadorizada desempenha papel importante no diagnóstico; contudo, a angiografia por subtração digital mantém-se como método padrão-ouro para confirmação diagnóstica e direcionamento do tratamento. O presente artigo relata dois casos de pseudoaneurisma em pacientes com pancreatite crônica alcoólica, sendo um da artéria esplênica e outro da artéria gastroduodenal, complicados com sangramento torácico e abdominal respectivamente. Ambos foram submetidos a tratamento endovascular minimamente invasivo com sucesso, através de implante de molas e de stent-grafts.

Efectividad de cirugía de Frey en pacientes con pancreatitis crónica del Hospital General Docente Dr. Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo / Efetividade de cirugía de Frey em pacientes com pancreatite crônica do Hospital General Docente Dr. Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo / Effectiveness of Frey's surgery in patients with chronic pancreatitis of the General Teaching Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto, Guantanamo

Introducción: la pancreatitis crónica es la inflamación de la glándula pancreática de causa múltiple, que produce dolor y daños en el parénquima. Entre sus tratamientos se encuentra la resección local de la cabeza del páncreas (excavación) con pancreaticoyeyunostomía laterolateral, conocida como cirugía de Frey. Objetivo: demostrar la eficacia de la cirugía de Frey para pacientes con dolor por pancreatitis crónica. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en 8 pacientes egresados con pancreatitis crónica intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo, a los cuales se les aplicó cirugía de Frey. Entre las variables que se analizaron se encontraron: promedio de edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos personales, tiempo promedio de la intervención quirúrgica, promedio de sangre transfundida, morbilidad, mortalidad y seguimiento promedio. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 51 años, el sexo predominante fue el masculino y el alcoholismo fue la primera causa de pancreatitis crónica. El tiempo quirúrgico alcanzó un promedio de 282 min y el promedio de transfusión de sangre fue de 506,25 ml. La morbilidad posoperatoria fue de 25,0 por ciento y no hubo mortalidad. El seguimiento de los pacientes obtuvo un promedio de 42,25 meses y el 87,56 por ciento notó ausencia de dolor luego de la intervención. Conclusiones: la cirugía de Frey es segura, eficaz y con buenos resultados para tratar el dolor de la pancreatitis crónica, sobre todo aquellas con una masa inflamatoria en la cabeza del páncreas, por lo que recomendamos su uso(AU)

Introduction: chronic pancreatitis is the inflammation of the multiple-cause pancreatic gland, which produces pain and damage to the parenchyma, progressive and irreversible, with fibrosis and stenosis of the ducts. Among its treatments is the local resection of the head of the pancreas (excavation) with laterolateral pancreaticojejunostomy, known as Frey's surgery. Objective: to demonstrate the efficacy of Frey's surgery for patients with pain due to chronic pancreatitis. Method: a descriptive and prospective study was carried out in 8 patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis operated in the General Surgery Department of the General Teaching Hospital Dr Agostinho Neto, Guantanamo, to whom Frey's surgery was applied. The variables were analyzed: average age, sex, personal pathological history, average time of surgery, average blood transfusion, morbidity, mortality and average follow-up. Results: the average age was 51 years, the predominant sex was male and alcoholism was the first cause of chronic pancreatitis. The main conduit of the pancreas had an average diameter of 13.8 mm and the head of the pancreas had an average measurement of 49 mm; the surgical time averaged 282 min and the average blood transfusion was 506.25 ml. Postoperative morbidity was 25.0 percent and there was no mortality. The follow-up of the patients obtained an average of 42.25 months and 87.56 percent reported absence of pain after the intervention. During follow-up there was no new onset diabetes or steatorrhea. Conclusions: Frey's surgery is safe, effective and with good results to treat the pain of chronic pancreatitis, especially those with an inflammatory mass in the head of the pancreas, so the authors recommend its use(AU)

Introdução: pancreatite crônica é a inflamação da glândula pancreática de múltiplas causas, que produz dor e danifica o parênquima. Entre seus tratamentos está a ressecção local da cabeça do pâncreas (escavação) com pancreaticojejunostomia laterolateral, conhecida como cirurgia de Frey. Objetivo: demonstrar a efetividade da cirurgia de Frey em pacientes com dor por pancreatite crônica. Método: estudo descritivo e prospectivo, realizado em 8 pacientes com pancreatite crônica, submetidos à cirurgia no serviço de cirurgia geral do Hospital Universitário Dr. Agostinho Neto, Guantánamo, aos quais foi aplicada a cirurgia de Frey. Entre as variáveis analisadas estavam: idade média, sexo, histórico patológico pessoal, tempo médio de cirurgia, transfusão sanguínea média, morbidade, mortalidade e tempo médio de seguimento. Resultados: a média de idade foi de 51 anos, o sexo predominante foi masculino e o alcoolismo foi a primeira causa de pancreatite crônica. O tempo cirúrgico foi em média de 282 min e a transfusão de sangue média foi de 506,25 ml. A morbidade pós-operatória foi de 25,0 por cento e não houve mortalidade. O seguimento dos pacientes obteve uma média de 42,25 meses e 87,56 por cento relataram ausência de dor após a intervenção. Conclusões: a cirurgia de Frey é segura, efetiva e com bons resultados no tratamento da dor da pancreatite crônica, principalmente naqueles com massa inflamatória na cabeça do pâncreas, por isso recomendamos seu uso(AU)

Seudoquiste del páncreas. Experiencia quirúrgica en 50 casos / Pseudo cyst of the pancreas. Surgical experience in 50 cases

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo en 50 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo, con el diagnóstico de seudoquiste del páncreas en el período 1997-2016, a los cuales se les efectuó alguna de las técnicas quirúrgicas para su solución. El dato primario fueextraído de las historias clínicas. Para el procesamiento de la información se emplearon como medida de tendencia central: la media aritmética; como medida de dispersión central la desviación estándar y el rango. Hubo prevalencia de la pancreatitis crónica y de pancreatitis aguda. La edad promedio es de 45 años, un rango de 19-72 años. El sexo predominante fue el masculino. El alcoholismo se observó en la mayoría de las pancreatitis. La pancreatitis crónica fue la primera causa del seudoquiste del páncreas. El diámetro promedio del seudoquiste es de 12 cm. Los drenajes internos ocuparon la mayoría de los procederes quirúrgicos realizados, además de la cistoyeyunostomía en Y Roux, la cistoduodenostomía y la cistogastrostomía. No hubo fallecidos y un seguimiento promedio de 71.4 meses sin recurrencia(AU)

A prospective and descriptive study was carried out in 50 patients treated in the General Surgery Service of the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" from Guantánamo, with the diagnosis of pseudocyst of the pancreas in the period 1997-2016, to which some of the surgical techniques for their solution were made. The primary data was extracted from the medical records. For the processing of information, the arithmetic mean was used as a measure of central tendency; as a measure of central dispersion the standard deviation and the range. There was a prevalence of chronic pancreatitis and acute pancreatitis. The average age is 45 years, a range of 19-72 years. The predominant sex was male. Alcoholism was observed in most pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis was the first cause of the pseudocyst of the pancreas. The average diameter of the pseudocyst is 12 cm. The internal drainages occupied most of the surgical procedures performed, in addition to the Roux-en-Y cystojejunostomy, the cystoduodenostomy and the cystogastrostomy. There were no deaths and an average followup of 71.4 months without recurrence(AU)

Management of pancreaticopleural fistulas secondary to chronic pancreatitis / Tratamento das fístulas pancreaticopleurais secundárias à pancreatite crônica

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pancreaticopleural fistula is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis. Objective: To describe pancreaticopleural fistula due to chronic pancreatitis and perform an extensive review of literature on this topic. Methods: Comprehensive narrative review through online research on the databases Medline and Lilacs for articles published over the last 20 years. There were 22 case reports and four case series selected. Results: The main indication for surgical treatment is the failure of clinical and/or endoscopic treatments. Surgery is based on internal pancreatic drainage, especially by means of pancreaticojejunostomy, and/or pancreatic resections. Conclusion: Pancreaticopleural fistula is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis and the Frey procedure may be an appropriate therapeutic option in selected cases when clinical and endoscopic treatments are unsuccessful.

RESUMO Introdução: A fístula pancreaticopleural é complicação rara da pancreatite crônica. Objetivo: Descrever a fístula pancreaticopleural consequente à pancreatite crônica e fazer revisão extensa da literatura sobre o tópico. Métodos: Revisão narrativa abrangente através de pesquisa online nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs para artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos. Resultados: Houve 22 relatos de casos e quatro séries de casos selecionadas. A principal indicação para o tratamento cirúrgico é a falha de tratamentos clínicos e/ou endoscópicos. A cirurgia é baseada na drenagem pancreática interna, especialmente por meio de pancreaticojejunostomias e/ou ressecções pancreáticas. Conclusão: A fístula pancreaticopleural é complicação rara da pancreatite crônica e o procedimento de Frey pode ser opção terapêutica apropriada em casos selecionados quando os tratamentos clínico e endoscópico não obtiverem êxito.

Pseudoaneurisma de aorta abdominal como complicação de pancreatite crônica: relato de caso / Abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm as a complication of chronic pancreatitis: case report

A pancreatite crônica é uma enfermidade associada a diversas complicações vasculares, como pseudocisto hemorrágico, trombose do sistema venoso portal e formações varicosas e pseudoaneurismáticas. O pseudoaneurisma de aorta abdominal secundário à pancreatite crônica é uma complicação rara, de difícil suspeição clínica, que requer tratamento complexo. A fisiopatologia dessa condição envolve a corrosão enzimática tecidual após a liberação e ativação de enzimas exócrinas proteolíticas das células acinares do pâncreas. O presente estudo relata o caso de um paciente de 52 anos, etilista crônico, internado com dor abdominal difusa, cuja propedêutica revelou se tratar de um pseudoaneurisma em aorta infrarrenal. Optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico convencional, levando-se em consideração a idade, as condições clínicas do paciente e a disponibilidade de endopróteses compatíveis com o diâmetro da aorta

Chronic pancreatitis can be complicated by several vascular disorders, such as bleeding pseudocysts, thrombosis of the venous portal system, varicosities, and pseudoaneurysms. Pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta secondary to chronic pancreatitis is a rare complication. It is a challenging clinical situation, demanding a high degree of clinical suspicion, and requires complex therapeutic procedures. The pathophysiology of this condition involves interstitial liberation and activation of enzymes from the exocrine pancreatic glands and subsequent digestion of the surrounding tissues. In the present case report, we describe a 52-year-old patient complaining of diffuse abdominal pains. Clinical investigation revealed chronic alcoholism and imaging examinations showed a pseudoaneurysm of the infrarenal aorta. We decided to perform conventional surgical treatment after considering the patient's age and clinical status and the endoprostheses available at our hospital with diameters compatible with the patient's aorta

Una actualización de pancreatitis crónica: artículo de revisión / Update on chronic pancreatitis: review article

La pancreatitis crónica es una enfermedad fibro-inflamatoria progresiva del páncreas caracterizada por la fibrosis irreversible de la glándula con el eventual fallo de las funciones exocrinas y endocrinas. Las características distintivas de la enfermedad son el dolor abdominal, la malabsorción, la desnutrición, la diabetes mellitus y las calcificaciones pancreáticas. En muchos pacientes el origen de esta enfermedad se debe a una compleja mezcla de factores ambientales (por ejemplo, alcohol, cigarrillos y productos químicos en el trabajo), factores genéticos y en algunos casos origen hereditario o autoinmune. El manejo incluye enfoques médico, endoscópico y quirúrgico con la necesidad de la interacción entre diversas especialidades para dar un enfoque multidisciplinario coordinado. Esta revisión ofrece una visión general de los estudios recientes resumiendo la epidemiología, etiología, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad.

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive fibro-inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by irreversible fibrosis of the gland with eventual failure of exocrine and endocrine functions and hallmark features of abdominal pain, malabsorption, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus and pancreatic calcifications. In many patients this disease results from a complex mix of environmental (eg, alcohol, cigarettes, and occupational chemicals), genetic factors and a few patients with hereditary or autoimmune disease. The management includes medical, endoscopic and surgical approaches with the need for interaction between various specialties, calling for a concerted multidisciplinary approach. This review provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the studies summarizing the epidemiology, etiology, physiopatology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatments of the disease.