Medication adherence and quality of life among the elderly with diabetic retinopathy / Adesão medicamentosa e qualidade de vida em idosos com retinopatia diabética / Adhesión a la medicación y calidad de vida en ancianos con retinopatía diabética

METHOD: one hundred (n=100) elderly outpatients with diabetic retinopathy taking antihypertensives and/or oral antidiabetics/insulin were interviewed. Adherence was evaluated by the adherence proportion and its association with the care taken in administrating medications and by the Morisky Scale. The National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) was used to evaluate HRQoL. RESULTS: most (58%) reported the use of 80% or more of the prescribed dose and care in utilizing the medication. The item "stopping the drug when experiencing an adverse event", from the Morisky Scale, explained 12.8% and 13.5% of the variability of adherence proportion to antihypertensives and oral antidiabetics/insulin, respectively. CONCLUSION: there was better HRQoL in the Color Vision, Driving and Social Functioning domains of the NEI VFQ-25. Individuals with lower scores on the NEI VFQ-25 and higher scores on the Morisky Scale presented greater chance to be nonadherent to the pharmacological treatment of diabetes and hypertension. .

OBJETIVO: investigar os fatores relacionados à adesão medicamentosa e sua relação com a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em idosos com retinopatia diabética. MÉTODO: foram entrevistados 100 idosos, em acompanhamento ambulatorial, em uso de anti-hipertensivos e/ou antidiabéticos orais/insulina. A adesão foi avaliada pela proporção de adesão e sua associação com os cuidados no uso dos medicamentos e pela Escala de Morisky. O National Eye Institute Visual Funcioning Questionnaire foi utilizado para avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. RESULTADOS: A maioria (58%) relatou o uso de 80% ou mais das doses prescritas e os cuidados na tomada dos medicamentos. O item "interromper o uso dos medicamentos por se sentir pior", da Escala de Morisky, explicou 12,8 e 13,5% da variabilidade da proporção de adesão aos anti-hipertensivos e aos antidiabéticos orais/insulina, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: observou-se melhor qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde nos domínios visão de cores, dirigir automóvel e apectos sociais do National Eye Institute Visual Funcioning Questionnaire. Indivíduos com menor pontuação na National Eye Institute Visual Funcioning Questionnaire e maiores escores na Escala de Morisky apresentaram maiores chances de serem não aderentes aos medicamentos do diabetes e da hipertensão arterial. .

OBJETIVO: investigar los factores relacionados a la adhesión a la medicación y su relación con la Calidad de Vida Relacionada a la Salud (CVRS) de ancianos con retinopatía diabética. MÉTODO: fueron entrevistados cien (n=100) pacientes ancianos de ambulatorio con retinopatía diabética que toman medicamentos antihipertensivos y/o antidiabéticos orales/insulina. La adhesión fue evaluada mediante la proporción de adhesión y su asociación con el cuidado tomado en la administración de medicamentos y mediante la Escala de Morisky. El National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) fue usado para evaluar la CVRS. RESULTADOS: la mayoría (58%) relató el uso de 80% o más de la dosis prescrita y cuidado con el uso de la medicación. El ítem "suspender la droga cuando vivencia un evento adverso", de la Escala de Morisky, explicó 12.8% y 13.5% de la variabilidad en la proporción de adhesión a los antihipertensivos y antidiabéticos orales/insulina, respectivamente. CONCUSIÓN: fue encontrada mejor CVRS en los dominios de Visión Cromática, Dirección y Funcionamiento Social del NEI VFQ-25. Individuos con puntuaciones menores en el NEI VFQ-25 y puntuaciones mayores en la Escala de Morisky revelaron mayor chance de no adhesión al tratamiento farmacológico de la diabetes y hipertensión. .

Análisis fitoquímico de Jatropha dioica y determinación de su efectoantioxidante y quimioprotector sobre el potencial genotóxico deciclofosfamida, daunorrubicina y metilmetanosulfonato evaluadomediante el ensayo cometa / Phytochemical analysis of Jatropha dioica and determination of its antioxidant and chemopreventive effect on the genotoxic potential of cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin and methyl methane-sulfonate evaluated by the comet assay

Dragon ́s blood root (Jatropha dioica) underwent a phytochemical screening showing the presence of flavonoids and terpenes responsible for the antioxidant potential observed in DPPH model for the decoction, aqueous and methanolic extracts. The chemoprotective effect of the root decoction was evaluated in liver, kidney and bone marrow cells of mice using the comet assay. Mutagens were administered via IP: cyclophosphamide (CCF) 50 mg/kg, daunorubicin (DAU) 10 mg/kg, and metyl metanesulfonate (MMS) 40 mg/kg, were co-administered with three doses of decoction 3.72 ml/kg, 10.71 ml/kg, and 21.42 ml/kg orally. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 9, 15 and 21 h after inoculation. The chemoprotective effect decreased DNA breaks at 3 hours in all organs, and longer against CCF and DAU, this effect probably being related to the antioxidant capacity of the decoction.

La raíz de Sangre de Drago (Jatropha dioica) se sometió a un tamizaje fitoquímico destacando la presencia de flavonoides y terpenos, posibles responsables del efecto antioxidante observado en el modelo de DPPH para la decocción, extracto acuoso y metanólico de la raíz. El efecto quimioprotector de la decocción, se evaluó en células hepáticas, renales y de médula ósea de ratón, mediante el ensayo cometa. Los mutágenos administrados vía I.P.: ciclofosfamida (CCF) 50 mg/kg, daunorrubicina (DAU) 10 mg/kg y metilmetanosulfonato (MMS) 40 mg/kg, se co-administraron con tres dosis de decocción 3,72 ml/kg, 10,71 ml/kg y 21,42 ml/kg, vía oral. Los animales fueron sacrificados a las 3, 9, 15 y 21 h posteriores a la aplicación. El efecto quimioprotector disminuyó las rupturas del DNA a las 3 horas en todos los órganos con los tres mutágenos, y permaneció por más tiempo frente a CCF y DAU, dicho efecto está relacionado con la capacidad antioxidante de la decocción.

Clavulanic acid production by the MMS 150 mutant obtained from wild type Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064

Clavulanic acid (CA) is a powerful inhibitor of the beta-lactamases, enzymes produced by bacteria resistants to penicillin and cefalosporin. This molecule is produced industrially by strains of Streptomyces clavuligerus in complex media which carbon and nitrogen resources are supplied by inexpensive compounds still providing high productivity. The genetic production improvement using physical and chemical mutagenic agents is an important strategy in programs of industrial production development of bioactive metabolites. However, parental strains are susceptible to loss of their original productivity due genetic instability phenomenona. In this work, some S. clavuligerus mutant strains obtained by treatment with UV light and with MMS are compared with the wild type (Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064). The results indicated that the random mutations originated some strains with different phenotypes, most divergent demonstrated by the mutants strains named AC116, MMS 150 and MMS 54, that exhibited lack of pigmentation in their mature spores. Also, the strain MMS 150 presented a larger production of CA when cultivated in semi-synthetics media. Using other media, the wild type strain obtained a larger CA production. Besides, using the modifed complex media the MMS 150 strain showed changes in its lipolitic activity and a larger production of CA. The studies also allowed finding the best conditions for a lipase activity exhibited by wild type S. clavuligerus and the MMS150 mutant.