Identification of messenger RNA of fetoplacental source in maternal plasma of women with normal pregnancies and pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction / Identificacion de RNA mensajero de origen fetoplacentario en plasma materno de mujeres con embarazos normales y gestantes con restriccion de crecimiento intrauterino

Objective: to quantify placenta-specific RNA in plasma of women carrying foetuses with intrauterine growth restriction and pregnant women with normal pregnancies. Materials and methods: 8 pregnant women with foetuses with intrauterine growth restriction were studied as well as 18 women with uncomplicated pregnancies in the third pregnancy trimester. Total free RNA was quantified in maternal plasma by spectrophotometry and the gene expression of hPL (Human Placental Lactogen) at the messenger RNA level through technical Real Time-Chain Reaction Polymerase. Results: plasma RNA of fetoplacental origin was successfully detected in 100% of pregnant women. There were no statistically significant differences between the values of total RNA extracted from plasma (p = 0.5975) nor in the messenger RNA expression of hPL gene (p = 0.5785) between cases and controls. Conclusion: messenger RNA of fetoplacental origin can be detected in maternal plasma during pregnancy.(AU)Objective: to quantify placenta-specific RNA in plasma of women carrying foetuses with intrauterine growth restriction and pregnant women with normal pregnancies. Materials and methods: 8 pregnant women with foetuses with intrauterine growth restriction were studied as well as 18 women with uncomplicated pregnancies in the third pregnancy trimester. Total free RNA was quantified in maternal plasma by spectrophotometry and the gene expression of hPL (Human Placental Lactogen) at the messenger RNA level through technical Real Time-Chain Reaction Polymerase.Results: plasma RNA of fetoplacental origin was successfully detected in 100% of pregnant women. There were no statistically significant differences between the values of total RNA extracted from plasma (p = 0.5975) nor in the messenger RNA expression of hPL gene (p = 0.5785) between cases and controls.Conclusion: messenger RNA of fetoplacental origin can be detected in maternal plasma during pregnancy

Objetivo: cuantificar RNA específico de placenta en el plasma de mujeres con embarazos con fetos con Restricción de Crecimiento Intrauterino y gestantes con embarazos normales. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 8 mujeres con embarazos con fetos con Restricción de Crecimiento Intrauterino y 18 mujeres con embarazos sin complicaciones, en el tercer trimestre de embarazo. Se cuantificó el RNA total libre en plasma materno por espectrofotometría y la expresión del gen hPL (Lactógeno Placentario Humano) a nivel de RNA mensajero por medio de la técnica Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa en Tiempo Real. Resultados: se logró detectar RNA en plasma de origen fetoplacentario en el 100% de las gestantes. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de RNA total extraído de plasma (p=0,5975) ni en la expresión del RNA mensajero del gen hPL (p=0,5785) entre casos y controles. Conclusión: es posible detectar RNA mensajero de origen fetoplacentario en plasma materno durante el embarazo.

Immunological distribution of the placental lactogene and IGF-1 receptor on free-chorionic villi of the newborns small for gestational age placentae

The aim of this study was observe differences in the immunological distribution of the placental lactogene and IGF-1 receptor on free-chorionic villi, between studied groups and to relate the neonatal diagnosis of PEG with morphometric and immunohystochemical characteristics of the placenta. A total of, twelve placentas from AEG newborn and twelve from PEG newborn were obtained from the Maternity Ward of Temuco, Chile. H&E, Alcian blue and Masson's trichromic stains, as well as Hematoxilyn-PAS. In the immunoperoxidase technique, were used: 1) placental lactogen (polyclonal, dilution 1:200, NCL-PLP, Novocastra) 2) Insuline-1 like growth factor (monoclonal, dilution 1:200, NCL-GHR, Novocastra). Differences between PEG and AEG placentae in the immnunostaing for placental lactogen and IGF-1 receptor in the sincitial throphoblast were not observed.

El objetivo de este estudio fue observar diferencias en la distribución del lactogeno placentario y receptor del factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina, entre placentas de recién nacidos normales para la edad gestacional AEG y pequeños para la edad gestacional PEG. Un total de 12 placentas de recién nacidos AEG y 12 PEG obtenidas de la maternidad del Hospital de Temuco, Chile fueron procesadas con técnicas histológicas H&E, azul de Alcián y un método de tinción tricrómico. La técnica de inmunoperoxidasa utilizada fue: 1) lactogeno placentario (pohclonal, dilución 1:200, NCL-PLP, Novocastra) 2) Factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina (monoclonal, dilución 1:200, NCL-GHR, Novocastra). No se observaron diferencias en la distribución de lactogeno placentario ni factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina entre las placentas provenientes de recién nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional y adecuados para la edad gestacional.

Histological and morphometric investigations of changes induced by the RAL strain of Trypanosoma cruzi in the mouse placenta

Pregnant Swiss mice (Mus musculus) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 2 x `1O POT. 5ï trypomastigotes of the RAL strain of Trypanosoma cruzi on the 7th day of pregnancy and sacrificed on the 19th day of pregnancy. The placenta was sectioned for the assessment of histological and morphometric changes. The RAL strain showed intense tropism for the placenta, with parasitism reaching the three placental layers. There was involvement of the maternal and fetal portions of the placentas, and also of giant cells and spongioblasts. The placentas of infected animals presented sparse areas of degeneration and necrosis, with mild dystrophic calcification of the decidua. The inflammatory process consisted of plasmocytes and lymphocytes, revealing involvement of the decidua...

The influence of the smoke habit on maternal chronic gonadotropin (hCG) and placental lactogen (hPL) blood levels during the first trimester of pregnancy

Smoking habit is quite common in our society. It is well-known that this is harmful to adult health. We have worried about the effects of smoking upon fetuses of smoking mothers, suspecting that it could responsible for placental changes at the beginning of pregnancy. The influence of smoking on the maternal hCG and hPL blood levels was investigated, determining these hormones in blood samples during the first trimester of pregnancy. A comparison between smoking and nonsmoking groups showed significantly lower hCG blood levels in the smoking group. There was no difference of hPL values between the smoking and nonsmoking groups.

Influências das condiçöes maternas nos níveis sangüíneos da HCG e HPL no primeiro trimestre da gestaçäo / The influence of the maternal environment in the peripherical blood levels of GCH and LPH during first trimester of pregnancy

Com a finalidade de avaliar a influência do meio ambiente materno nos níveis sangüíneos dos hormônios gonadotrófico (HCG) e lactogêncio plancentário (HPL) no início da gestaçäo, foram estudadas 326 gestantes de primeiro trimestre. O HCG e o HPL foram dosados e padronizados para o dia 70 da gestaçäo para permitir a comparaçäo dos resultados. O meio ambiente materno foi avaliado através das dosagens de hemoglobina (Hb), hematócrito (Ht), volume corpuscular médio (VCM), contagem de glóbulos vermelhos (CGV), ferro (Fe), ferritina (Fer), capacidade total de ligaçäo do ferro (TIBC) e índice de massa corpórea (IMC). Concluiu-se que existe uma correlaçäo inversa estatisticamente significativa entre o IMC, Hb e Ht e os níveis sangüíneos maternos do HCG

Lactogênese e reflexo ejecto-láctil / Lactogenesis and milk-ejection reflex

Apresenta-se uma revisäo näo exaustiva sobre os processos fisiológicos envolvidos com a produçäo e a ejeçäo de leite, bem como fatores que interferem em tais processos.

Coriocarcinoma: guías para el diagnóstico y tratamiento / Coriocarcinoma: guides for the diagnosis and processing

Hace una revisión sobre los nuevos avances en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del coriocarcinoma. El coriocarcinoma es una enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional maligna, que se origina por lesión epitelial de las células del trofoblasto, se puede presentar después de un embarazo molar, un aborto espontáneo o después de un embarazo normal y es altamente mortal cuando no se lo diagnostica a tiempo. En efecto, antes de 1956 el temido diagnóstico de Coriocarcinoma representaba para toda mujer joven una sentencia de muerte, pero ahora el índice de curaciones de esta enfermedad es de un 80 por ciento incluso en su forma metastásica. Estos resultados son primeramente debidos al tratamiento con agentes quimioterapéuticos y al avance de estos últimos 50 años de la ciencia médica.

Expression of human placental lactogen and variant growth hormone genes in placentas

Previous studies comparing the expression levels of human placental lactogen (hPL) genes have shown varying results, due to, perhaps, the fact that in all of them only one placenta was being analyzed. Here, the expression of hPL and growth hormone variant (hGH-V) genes in fifteen term placentas was comparatively analyzed at the RNA level, using reverse transciption coupled to polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The abundance of the combined RNA transcripts derived from these genes varied from one placenta to another. The authors found that hPL-4 transcripts were more abundant than those of hPL-3 in most samples (ratio from 1:1 to 6:1), transcripts from the putative hPL-1 pseudogene were more abundant at the unprocessed stage while those of the hGH-V gene were mostly processed. Again, the authors of this study observed wide variation from placenta to placenta to placenta in the abundance of both of these types of transcripts. The same was observed when a group of six placentas from abortuses and nine from pregnancies complicated by preclampsia, diabetes and hypertension was studied. The authors conclude that the disagreeing results reported in the literature which are not in agreement concerning the expression levels of hPL gene could be explained by normal variations of their expression levels among the different placentas analyzed

Condiçöes maternas interferentes nas concentraçöes plasmáticas da gonadotrofina coriônica e lactogênio placentário no primeiro trimestre de gravidez / Maternal conditions interfering with the plasmatic concentrations of chorionic gonadotropin and placental lactogen in the first quarter of pregnancy

Partindo de estudos epidemiológicos que demonstraram haver associaçöes entre baixo peso ao nascer, hipertrofia placentária e hipertensäo arterial na vida adulta, nós estudamos um grupo de mulheres no primeiro trimestre da gestaçäo, para verificar se existem indícios de interferências entre as condiçöes maternas e a funçäo placentária. Analisamos as relaçöes as relaçöes entre o hormônio gonadotrófico coriônico e o hormônio lactogênio placentário e idade materna, paridade, índice de massa corpórea, pressäo arterial, hemoglibina materna, hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio, contagem de glóbulos vermelhos, ferro, ferritina, capacidade total de ligaçäo do ferro, 2,3-difosfoglicerato, carbóxihemoglobina, pressäo parcial do oxigênio para a hemoglobina saturada em 50 por cento, pressäo parcial do hidrogênio, pressäo parcial do oxigênio, pressäo parcial do dióxido de carbono e saturaçäo do oxigênio.

Studies of the immediate postpartum diabetes remission and/or hypoglycemia after cesarean section in diabetic pregnancy

Five non-diabetic subjects, 5 gestational diabetics (GDM) treated with diet and 4 non-insulin dependent pregestational diabetics (NIDDM) treated with beef-pork insulin during their pregnancy, undergoing elective cesarean section (C-s), were given dextrose infusions without insulin for 7 hours (h) starting lh before the operation. Multiple blood samples were drawn up to 72 h after the C-s. The lowest glucose levels were observed at 3 3 or 6 h after surgery in all but two subjects. Plasma glucose below 2.75 mmol/l (49.5 mg/dl) were observed in 2 NIDDM patients. While in the non-diabetics and GDM the free (total) insulin and C-peptide values fell to very low levels, coinciding with the fall in plasma glucose, in the NIDDM there was a negative correlation between nadir glucose and free insulin levels with the progressive fall of antibody-bound insulin. In 3 out of NIDDM patients the antibodybound insulin fell to 57 to 73 per cent of the preoperative values. IGF-I/SmC, lower in the NIDDM, hGH immunoreactivity and hPL fell after C-s. The results suggest increased glucose utilization insulin-independent in the immediate postpartum in the non-diabetic pregnancy and GDM. However, in the NIDMM, in the presence of significant levels of free insulin, they tend to develop lower plasma glucose levels, sometimes hypoglycemia. Furthermore, lower IGF-I/Smc levels in the NIDDM in comparison to the non-diabetics and GDM would discard their role in the induction of hypoglycemia.

Participación de hormonas y factores reguladores de la implantación y el desarrollo de la unidad fetoplacentaria / Hormonal participation and regulating factors of implantation and the fetoplacentary unity development

Si bien el embrión tiene un programa genético de su propio desarrollo, para que se lleven a cabo el desarrollo y diferenciación embrionaria, así como la gestación normal, deben establecerse una serie de interacciones coordinadas entre el concepto y la madre, las cuales son mediadas por mensajeros químicos mediante mecanismo autocrinos, paracrinos y endocrinos. En el presente trabajo se analiza la participación de hormonas y factores réguladores de la implantación y el desarrollo de la unidad feto-placentaria

Evaluación hormonal del estado fetal: estriol total y somatomamotropina coriónica / Hormonal evaluation of fetal status: total estrioland chronic somatomanmotropin

Se presentan los resultados de 1,104 determinaciones de estriol total (E3) y 1,099 de somatomatropina coriónica (SMC) realizadas en forma seriada en el suero de embarazadas sanas (grupo testigo) y con gestaciones complicadas, en diferentes semanas del proceso reproductivo. Analizadas como grupo se obtuvieron significativamente menores valores en casos en que existió óbito fetal y toxemia, o cuando los recién nacidos fueron catalogados como hipotróficos; sin embargos, el valor pronóstico predicativo en el mejor de los casos fue de 39%. Los resultados se comentan en base a la fisiología de esas hormonas y a otros estudios previos, y se cuestiona la utilidad de solicitar esos análisis como parámetros de bienestar fetal

Importancia de las determinaciones seriadas de estriol total, progesterona y hormona lactogeno placentaria sérica: mujeres con gestosis / Importance of the serial determinations of total estriol, progesterone and placental serous lactogen hormone: women with gestosis

Se presenta un estudio prospectivo realizado en nueve mujeres embarazadas con hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, en las que se realizaron mediciones de estriol total, progesterona y HPL, por métodos de RIA, a las 32, 34 y semanas de gestación. Los valores obtenidos en las tres hormonas dosadas resultaron significativamente más bajas que los habituales para el mismo laboratorio utilizado, por lo que se concluye que resultan de valor en la prevención, pronóstico y manejo de la patología gestósica del embarazo