As startups no contexto da organização capitalista financeira e as subjetividades empreendedoras / Startups in the context of financial capitalist organization and entrepreneurial subjectivities / Startups en el contexto de la organización capitalista financiera y subjetividades emprendedoras

As startups são empresas que apresentam modelos de negócios marcados pela inovação, rapidez, flexibilidade e alta capacidade de adaptação aos mercados. Atuando em diferentes setores socioeconômicos, elas prometem criar e transformar produtos e serviços. A emergência e disseminação dessas empresas ocorrem em um momento histórico de mudanças iniciadas a partir de 1970 e marcadas pelas crises geradas com o esgotamento do paradigma da sociedade urbano industrial. No Brasil, o número desse modelo de negócio apresentou uma expansão expressiva, alcançando a marca de 13.374 nos últimos cinco anos. Atento a esse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em compreender como sujeitos, grupos e instituições atribuem sentidos à experiência de trabalho nas chamadas startups. Na parte teórica, as condições sociais e econômicas que possibilitaram a emergência e disseminação das startups são analisadas em uma perspectiva crítica. A parte empírica, por sua vez, apresenta depoimentos de empreendedores relatando o contexto geral de atuação nas startups. Ao final deste artigo, conclui-se que há uma instrumentalização capitalística de componentes subjetivos específicos selecionados e colocados em circulação para fortalecer o modo de produção capitalista financeirizado.(AU)

Startups are companies that have business models characterized by innovation, speed, flexibility, and a high capacity to adapt to markets. Operating in different socioeconomic sectors, they promise to create and transform products and services. The emergence and dissemination of these companies occur at a historical moment of changes that began from 1970 and are marked by the crises generated by the exhaustion of the paradigm of industrial urban society. In Brazil, the number of businesses in this model showed a significant expansion, reaching 13,374 companies in the last five years. Attentive to this scenario, the objective of this research was to understand how subjects, groups, and institutions attribute meanings to the work experience in so-called startups. In the theoretical part, the social and economic conditions that enabled the emergence and dissemination of startups are analyzed in a critical perspective. The empirical part presents entrepreneurs reporting the general context of action in startups. At the end of this article, it is concluded that there is a capitalistic instrumentalization of specific subjective components that are selected and put into circulation to strengthen the financed capitalist production.(AU)

Las startups son empresas que tienen modelos de negocio marcados por la innovación, la velocidad, la flexibilidad y una alta capacidad de adaptación a los mercados. Desde diferentes sectores socioeconómicos, las startups prometen crear y transformar productos y servicios. La aparición y difusión de estas empresas se produce en un momento histórico de cambios que comenzó a partir de 1970 y que está marcado por crisis generadas por el agotamiento del paradigma de la sociedad urbana industrial. En Brasil, estas empresas se expandieron significativamente alcanzando la marca de 13.374 empresas en los últimos cinco años. En este escenario, el objetivo de esta investigación fue entender cómo los sujetos, grupos e instituciones atribuyen significados a la experiencia laboral en las startups. En la parte teórica, se analizan las condiciones sociales y económicas que permitieron el surgimiento y la difusión de las startups en una perspectiva crítica. La parte empírica presenta testimonios de emprendedores que informan sobre el trabajo en startups. La investigación concluye que hay una instrumentalización capitalista de componentes subjetivos específicos que se seleccionan y ponen en circulación para fortalecer el modo de producción capitalista financiero.(AU)

A disciplina psicologia do esporte nos cursos de psicologia e educação física / Sports psychology in psychology and physical education courses / La materia psicología del deporte en los cursos de psicología y educación física

Este discute a representatividade da disciplina Psicologia do Esporte nos cursos de Psicologia e Educação Física em instituições de ensino superior reconhecidas pelo MEC e situadas na região Sul do país. Foi realizado um estudo documental, com base nos currículos das Instituições. Os resultados revelaram que no Sul do Brasil 21,02% dos cursos de Psicologia, 41,96% dos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física e apenas 14,83% dos cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física apresentam a disciplina Psicologia do Esporte em sua grade curricular. Observou-se que a disciplina é ofertada mais frequentemente em regime obrigatório nos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física. Nos cursos de Psicologia, quando ofertada, costuma ser optativa. Os resultados evidenciam uma maior oferta da disciplina para os estudantes de Educação Física, em relação aos de Psicologia, o que pode estar relacionado ao próprio contexto de surgimento da disciplina e sua popularização no meio acadêmico. Para que esse panorama possa mudar e se possa oferecer uma formação adequada no curso de Psicologia para fomentar essa opção de carreira, há necessidade de se repensar o currículo e o próprio perfil do egresso, de forma a dar mais oportunidade aos estudantes para que conheçam as bases teóricas e os campos de aplicação da Psicologia do Esporte. Tal lacuna pode acarretar a fragilização da disseminação desse conhecimento aos estudantes de graduação e a consequente ocupação do mercado de trabalho.(AU)

This study discusses the representativeness of Sports Psychology in Psychology and Physical Education courses at higher education institutions from Southern Brazil. A documentary study was conducted based on the institutions' curricula. Results show that 21.02% of the Psychology major, 41.96% of the bachelor's in Physical Education, and only 14.83% of the license in Physical Education offer Sports Psychology in their curricula. Sports Psychology is most often offered as a compulsory subject in the bachelor's program in Physical Education, whereas Psychology courses offer it mainly as an elective. Physical Education students have greater contact with the discipline when compared with Psychology students, which may be explained by its context of development and popularization in the academic environment. To change this scenario and offer adequate education in the Psychology programs to foster this career option, institutions must rethink their curriculum and the graduate profile itself. This would give students better opportunity to get to know its theoretical bases and fields of application. Such a gap can hinder the dissemination of this knowledge to undergraduate students and the consequent labor market occupation.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es discutir la representatividad de la materia Psicología del Deporte en los cursos de Psicología y Educación Física en instituciones de educación superior de la región Sur de Brasil, reconocidas por el Ministerio de Educación (MEC). Se realizó un estudio documental, basado en los planes de estudio de las instituciones. Los resultados revelaron que, en el Sur de Brasil, el 21,02% de los cursos de Psicología, el 41,96% de los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física y sólo el 14,83% de los cursos de profesorado en Educación tienen la materia Psicología del Deporte en sus planes de estudio. Se observó que la materia Psicología del Deporte se ofrece con mayor frecuencia como asignatura obligatoria en los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física. Cuando se ofrece en los cursos de Psicología, es una materia optativa. Los resultados muestran una mayor oferta para los estudiantes de Educación Física en comparación con Psicología, lo que puede estar relacionado con el contexto del surgimiento de la Psicología del Deporte como materia y su popularización en el ámbito académico. Para que este escenario cambie y sea posible ofrecer una formación adecuada en el curso de Psicología con el fin de fomentar esta opción de carrera, es necesario repensar el plan de estudios y el perfil del egresado, así los estudiantes tendrán más oportunidades de conocer sus bases teóricas y sus campos de actuación. Tal brecha puede debilitar la difusión de este conocimiento a los estudiantes de grado y la consecuente ocupación en el mercado laboral.(AU)

Planejamento, síntese e avaliação biológica de candidatos a fármacos: busca de inibidores epigenéticos da Sirtuína 2 Sir2 / Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of drug candidates: search for Sirtuin 2 (Sir 2) epigenetic inhibitors

As doenças negligenciadas são causadas por agentes infecciosos e parasitários, como vírus, bactérias, protozoários e helmintos. Essas doenças são prevalentes em populações de baixa renda que vivem em países em desenvolvimento e são responsáveis por incapacitar e levar milhares de pessoas à morte. Este nome se dá pois, apesar de sua grande relevância médica, recebem pouca atenção dos governos e indústrias farmacêuticas. Dentre essas doenças podemos destacar a Doença de Chagas, doença infecciosa causada pelo parasita hemoflagelado Trypanosoma cruzi. Endêmica em 21 países, com 6 a 7 milhões de pessoas infectadas resultando em 7500 mortes por ano. A quimioterapia disponível contra essa parasitose é baseada em apenas dois medicamentos, o benznidazol e o nifurtimox, ativos principalmente na fase aguda da doença e com efeitos adversos graves que comprometem a adesão ao tratamento e, além disso, apesar dos enormes esforços na pesquisa de novos agentes antichagásicos em nível nacional e internacional, na maioria realizada academicamente, ainda não foram encontradas alternativas terapêuticas para a doença, persistindo, assim, a necessidade de descoberta e desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. O início de um planejamento de um novo fármaco se dá pela definição de um alvo bioquímico a ser utilizado na busca de moléculas que possam exercer a função de inibidores ou moduladores, conforme a atividade biológica desejada. Neste sentido, as sirtuínas 2 (Sir2) são enzimas que se mostraram essenciais para o crescimento in vitro do T. cruzi em suas formas amastigota e epimastigota. No caso de tripanossomatídeos, em geral, a superexpressão de Sir2 está relacionada à sobrevivência de formas amastigotas. Assim, essas evidências indicam que a Sir2 de tripanosomatídeos tem grande potencial como alvo biológico na busca e desenvolvimento de novos fármacos antichagásicos. O objetivo principal deste projeto foi identificar moléculas que apresentaram atividade inibitória para a sirtuína 2 de T. cruzi por meio da utilização da estratégia de Planejamento de Fármacos Baseada no Ligante - Ligand Based Drug Design (LBDD) e o desenvolvimento de análogos dos inibidores da Sir2. A modificação molecular está entre algumas das técnicas tradicionais usadas no desenvolvimento racional de um fármaco, e é usada principalmente no desenvolvimento de análogos, e busca melhorar as propriedades farmacocinéticas e/ou farmacodinâmicas de um protótipo, obter propriedades de interação semelhantes ao alvo e, em alguns casos, revelar uma atividade biológica. Com este intuito, análogos do sirtinol e da salermida foram sintetizados e uma nova rota sintética utilizando o microrreator em fluxo contínuo foi desenvolvida e apresentou rendimento superior quando comparado à síntese em bancada. A partir desta metodologia foram obtidos 20 compostos. Os ensaios in vitro contra formas amastigotas do T. cruzi indicaram que 8 compostos inibiram a atividade parasitária em mais de 50%, na dose de 10 µM, sendo que alguns destes apresentaram maior inibição parasitária quando comparados ao benznidazol, o fármaco de referência e único disponível no Brasil. Com estes resultados preliminares, novos ensaios estão sendo realizados para identificar potência e mecanismo de ação destes candidatos a agentes tripanomicidas

Neglected diseases are caused by infectious and parasitic agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. These diseases are prevalent in low-income populations living in developing countries and are responsible for disabling and killing thousands of people. They get this name because, despite their great medical relevance, they end up receiving little attention from governments and pharmaceutical industries. Among these diseases, we can highlight Chagas disease, an infectious endemic disease caused by the hemoflagellate parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This disease is endemic in 21 countries, with 6 to 7 million people infected resulting in 7,500 deaths per year. Chemotherapy is based on just two drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are mainly active in the acute phase of the disease. These drugs have adverse effects that compromise adherence, even more, considering that they are not effective from the point of view of the chronic phase of the disease. Despite the enormous efforts in researching new anti-chagasic agents at the national and international level, and mostly carried out academically, therapeutic alternatives for the disease have not yet been found, thus, the need for the discovery and development of new drugs persists. Sirtuins 2 (Sir2) are enzymes that have been shown to be essential for the in vitro growth of T. cruzi in its amastigote and epimastigote forms. In the case of trypanosomatids in general, Sir2 overexpression is related to the survival of amastigote forms. Sir2 inhibitors, such as sirtinol, have shown efficacy in leishmanicides. Thus, these evidences indicate that Sir2 from trypanosomatids can be considered as a biological target in the search and development of new anti-chagasic drugs. The beginning of a new drug planning study is the definition of a biochemical target to be used in the search for molecules that can play the role of inhibitors or modulators, according to the desired biological activity. The main objective of this project was to identify molecules that presented inhibitory activity to sirtuin 2 of T. cruzi using the Ligand Based Drug Design (LBDD) strategy of planning and the development of analogues of Sir2 inhibitors. Molecular modification is a traditional technique used in the rational development of a drug, as well as the use of natural products, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening (HTS), among others. Mainly used in the development of analogues, molecular modification is applied for different purposes, among them, it seeks to improve the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties of a prototype, obtain target-like interaction properties and, in some cases, reveal an activity biological. For this purpose, analogues of sirtinol and salermide were synthesized and a new synthetic route using the microreactor in continuous flow was developed and presented superior yield when compared to benchtop synthesis. From this methodology, 20 compounds were obtained. in vitro assays against amastigote forms of T. cruzi indicated that 8 compounds inhibited parasitic activity by more than 50% at a dose of 10 µM, and some of these showed greater parasitic inhibition when compared to benznidazole, the reference drug, and only available in Brazil. With these preliminary results, new assays are being carried out to identify the potency and mechanism of action of these candidate trypanocidal agents

Compromiso e intención de abandono en adolescentes de selecciones nacionales argentinas: el papel de los agentes sociales y efectos del género / Engagement and intentions of drop-out in adolescents of Argentinean national teams: The role of social agents and gender effects

Resumen Introducción/objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar el poder predictivo de la percepción de los estilos interpersonales de entrenadores/as, padres y madres en el compromiso e intención de abandono de adolescentes deportistas argentinos de alto rendimiento, considerando el papel del género en esta relación. Método. Participaron 234 adolescentes de entre 12 y 16 años (M = 14.48, DT = 1.09) seleccionados para los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud -Buenos Aires 2018-, quienes cumplimentaron cuestionarios para la evaluación de las variables de interés. Resultados. Los varones perciben mayores niveles de compromiso que las mujeres y estas perciben mayor apoyo a la autonomía de la madre. El apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador tuvo mayor capacidad predictiva en el compromiso de los varones y en la intención de abandono del deporte de las mujeres. En ambos géneros, el efecto del apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador fue mayor que el de los padres. Conclusiones. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de los otros significativos en la participación deportiva y contribuyen al conocimiento de los factores que pueden favorecer el desarrollo positivo en deportistas adolescentes de alto rendimiento.

Abstract Introduction/Objective. This research aims to examine the predictive power of perceived interpersonal styles of coaches, fathers and mothers on engagement and intentions to drop-out of Argentinean high-performance adolescent athletes considering the role of gender in this relationship. Method. A total of 234 adolescents aged 12-16 years (M = 14.48, SD = 1.09) selected for the Youth Olympic Games -Buenos Aires 2018- participated in the study, who answered questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. Results. Males perceived higher levels of engagement than females, and females perceived higher autonomy support from the mother. Coaches' autonomy support had greater predictive power on males' engagement and females' intentions to drop-out sport. In both genders, the effect of coach autonomy support was greater than parents. Conclusions. These results show the importance of significant others in sport participation and contribute to the knowledge of factors that may foster positive development in high-performance adolescence athletes.

Determinantes do desempenho esportivo na ginástica de trampolim / Determinants of sport performance in trampoline gymnastics / Determinantes del rendimiento deportivo en la gimnasia de trampolín

Introdução: encontrar crianças com elevado potencial esportivo é uma importante etapa para o processo de formação esportiva, pois é o primeiro passo na descoberta de novos talentos visando o alto rendimento. O objetivo foi investigar os determinantes do desempenho na ginástica de trampolim e sua importância atribuída de acordo com os aparelhos da modalidade. Metodologia: participaram 40 experts(treinadores, gestores e árbitros) de ginástica de trampolim com experiência nacional e internacional. Os experts responderam sobre a importância atribuída aos fatores antropométricos, físico-motor, técnico, tático, psicológico e socioambiental. Avaliaram a importância dos fatores e indicadores de desempenho nos aparelhos trampolim acrobático, tumbling e duplo minitrampolim. Resultados e discussão: os determinantes do desempenho em ordem de importância decrescente foram: físico-motores, técnicos, psicológicos, táticos, antropométricos e socioambientais, com variação entre os aparelhos. Os indicadores de desempenho: massa muscular, velocidade, agilidade, flexibilidade, equilíbrio e força rápida de membros superiores apresentaram diferenças entre os aparelhos. Conclusão: revelou-se a opinião dos experts sobre quais os fatores e indicadores de desempenho são os mais importantes na ginástica de trampolim com implicações na detecção e seleção de talentos.

Introduction: Finding childrenwithhigh sports potential is an important stage in the sports training process, as it is the first step to discover new talents aiming to high performance. The objectivewas to investigate the determinants of performance in trampoline gymnastics, and Its attributed importanceaccording to discipline apparatuses. Methodology: Forty trampoline gymnastics experts (coaches, managersand referees) with national and international experience volunteered. The experts answered aboutthe importance given to the anthropometric, physicomotor, technical, tactical, psychological and social-environmental factors. They evaluated the importance of the factors and performance indicators on the acrobatic, tumbling, and double mini trampoline. Results and discussion:The determinants of performance in descent importance order were the physicomotor, technical, psychological, tactical anthropometric and social-environmental factors. Therefore the indicators of performance: muscle mass, speed, agility, flexibility, balance and upper limbs explosive strength have been differently distinguished among the apparatuses. Conclusion:The expert's opinions were revealedabout which determinants of performance have greater value in the detection and selection of talents.

Introducción: Encontrar niños conelevadopotencial deportivo es una etapa importante en el proceso de formación deportiva, ya que es el primer paso para encontrar nuevos talentos con el objetivo del alto rendimiento deportivo. El objetivofue investigar los determinantes del rendimiento en la gimnasia de trampolín, e la importancia atribuida de acuerdo con los aparatos de la disciplina. Metodología:Han participadocuarentaexpertos en gimnasia en trampolín (entrenadores, gestores y árbitros) conexperiencianacional y internacional. Los expertos respondieron sobre la importancia dada a los factores antropométricos, fisicomotores, técnicos, tácticos, psicológicos y socio-ambientales. Evaluaron la importancia de los factores y los indicadores de rendimiento en el trampolínacrobático, tumbling y el doble mini. Resultados e discusión:Los determinantes del desempeño en orden de importancia decreciente fueron: físico motores, técnicos, psicológicos, tácticos, antropométricos y socio ambientales. Los indicadores de rendimiento, masa muscular, velocidad, agilidad, flexibilidad, equilibrio y fuerza rápida de las extremidades superiores tienen diferencias entre los aparatos. Conclusión: se reveló laopinión de los expertos sobre cualeslos determinantes del desempeño son más importantes e de más valor en la detección y selección de talentos en la gimnasia de trampolín.

In Silico Screening of DNA Gyrase B Potent Flavonoids for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection from PhytoHub Database

Abstract Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common hospital acquired diarrheal disease with its increasing incidence and mortality rate globally. DNA Gyrase B (GyrB) is a key component of DNA replication process across all bacterial genera; thus, this offers a potential target for the treatment of CDI. In the present study, several virtual screening approaches were employed to identify a novel C. difficile GyrB inhibitor. The 139 known metabolites were screened out from the 480 flavonoids in PhytoHub database. Molinspiration and PROTOX II servers were used to calculate the ADME properties and oral toxicity of the metabolites, whereas mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, irritant, and reproductive effect were predicted using DataWarrior program. The binding mode and the binding efficiency of the screened flavonoids against the GyrB were studied using FlexX docking program. From virtual screening of 139 metabolites, we found 25 flavonoids with no mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, irritant, and reproductive effect. Docking study suggested that flavonoids 1030 ((-)-epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate), 1032 ((-)-epicatechin 4'-O-sulfate), 1049 (3'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin 4-O-sulfate), 1051 (3'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin 7-O-sulfate), 1055 (4'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin 7-O-sulfate) and 1317 (quercetin sulfate) have significantly higher binding affinity than the known GyrB inhibitor novobiocin. The results from molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculations based on solvated interaction energy suggested that (-)-epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate could be a potential drug candidate in the management of CDI.

Clinical and biomedical applications of surface plasmon resonance systems

Abstract Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors offer superior analytical features such as simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity when compared to conventional methods in clinical analyses. In addition, they deliver real-time monitoring of label-free analytes with high-throughput approaches requiring little sample pretreatment that allows the analysis of virtually every clinical sample type to determine the amount and/or activity of any molecule of interest. Accordingly, SPR emerges as a novel, efficient, powerful, and relatively low-cost alternative tool for routine clinical analysis, opening also new horizons for developments in personalized medicine applied to diagnostics or therapeutics’ monitoring.

High-throughput micro-phenotyping measurements applied to assess stalk lodging in maize ( Zea mays L. )

BACKGROUND: The biomechanical properties of maize stalks largely determine their lodging resistance, which affects crop yield per unit area. However, the quantitative and qualitative relationship between micro-phenotypes and the biomechanics of maize stalks is still under examined. In particular, the roles of the number, geometry, and distribution of vascular bundles of stalks in maize lodging resistance remain unclear. Research on these biomechanical properties will benefit from high-resolution micro-phenotypic image acquisition capabilities, which have been improved by modern X-ray imaging devices such as micro-CT and the development of micro-phenotyping analysis software. Hence, high-throughput image analysis and accurate quantification of anatomical phenotypes of stalks are necessary. RESULTS: We have updated VesselParser version 1.0 to version 2.0 and have improved its performance, accuracy, and computation strategies. Anatomical characteristics of the second and third stalk internodes of the cultivars 'Jingke968' and 'Jingdan38' were analyzed using VesselParser 2.0. The relationships between lodging resistance and anatomical phenotypes of stalks between the two different maize varieties were investigated. The total area of vascular bundles in the peripheral layer, auxiliary axis diameter, and total area of vascular bundles were revealed to have the highest correlation with mechanical properties, and anatomical phenotypes of maize stalk were better predictors of mechanical properties than macro features observed optically from direct measurement, such as diameter and perimeter. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the utility of VesselParser 2.0 in assessing stalk mechanical properties. The combination of anatomical phenotypes and mechanical behavior research provides unique insights into the problem of stalk lodging, showing that micro phenotypes of vascular bundles are good predictors of maize stalk mechanical properties that may be important indices for the evaluation and identification of the biomechanical properties to improve lodging resistance of future maize varieties.

Omics-based biomarkers: current status and potential use in the clinic / Biomarcadores basados en tecnologías ómicas: estado actual y su potencial uso en la clínica

Abstract: In recent years, the use of high-throughput omics technologies has led to the rapid discovery of many candidate biomarkers. However, few of them have made the transition to the clinic. In this review, the promise of omics technologies to contribute to the process of biomarker development is described. An overview of the current state in this area is presented with examples of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and microbiomics biomarkers in the field of oncology, along with some proposed strategies to accelerate their validation and translation to improve the care of patients with neoplasms. The inherent complexity underlying neoplasms combined with the requirement of developing well-designed biomarker discovery processes based on omics technologies present a challenge for the effective development of biomarkers that may be useful in guiding therapies, addressing disease risks, and predicting clinical outcomes.

Resumen: En los últimos años, el uso de las tecnologías ómicas de alta densidad de datos ha permitido el rápido descubrimiento de posibles biomarcadores. Sin embargo, esto no ha tenido un impacto notable en la clínica ya que se han implementado muy pocos de esos biomarcadores. En el presente documento se describe el potencial de las tecnologías ómicas en el desarrollo de nuevos biomarcadores. Con el objetivo de dar a conocer un panorama general de la situación actual, se comentan algunos ejemplos ilustrativos de biomarcadores genómicos, transcriptómicos, proteómicos, metabolómicos y microbiómicos en el campo de la investigación en oncología. Asimismo, se señalan algunas de las recomendaciones que se han propuesto para acelerar su validación e implementación, y se comenta sobre cómo la complejidad inherente a las enfermedades se combina con la complejidad de las tecnologías ómicas, de tal modo que el desarrollo de biomarcadores predictivos, pronósticos y diagnósticos eficientes plantea retos importantes.

A high-throughput screening assay for distinguishing nitrile hydratases from nitrilases

A modified colorimetric high-throughput screen based on pH changes combined with an amidase inhibitor capable of distinguishing between nitrilases and nitrile hydratases. This enzymatic screening is based on a binary response and is suitable for the first step of hierarchical screening projects.

Manual de monitoramento da qualidade dos registros de enfermagem na assistência domiciliar / Manual de monitoreo de la calidad de los registros de enfermería en la atención domiciliaria / Manual for monitoring the quality of nursing home care records

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar um instrumento para monitorar a qualidade dos registros de enfermagem no Programa de Assistência Domiciliar (PAD) em um hospital universitário. Método: estudo metodológico envolvendo a elaboração de um manual e submetido à validação de conteúdo por seis juízes sob consenso ≥ 80%. A coleta ocorreu em 2012 por meio de questionário contendo: evolução de enfermagem, diagnóstico e prescrição de enfermagem e normas para os registros da equipe de enfermagem preconizadas pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem-SP e pela instituição. Os itens do manual foram julgados de acordo com as variáveis - relevância, pertinência, clareza e simplicidade. Resultados: das 39 proposições 100% atingiram consenso ≥ 80% em relevância, pertinência e clareza; 92,3% em simplicidade. Os itens sono/repouso, mobilidade e checagem nas atividades prescritas não atingiram consenso mínimo favorável, sendo aprimorados pelas sugestões dos juízes. Conclusão: acreditamos que o instrumento possibilitará a melhoria dos processos de trabalho no PAD. .

RESUMEN Objetivo: construir y validar un instrumento para monitorear la calidad del registros de enfermería en Programa de Atención Domiciliaria (PAD) de un Hospital Universitario. Metodo: estudio metodológico. Fue construido un manual y sometió a validación de contenido por seis jueces bajo el consenso ≥80%. La recogida currió en 2012, con un cuestionario que contiene: evolución de enfermería, diagnóstico y prescripción de enfermería y normas para los registros del personal de enfermaria estabelecidas por Consejo Regional de Enfermería-SP y por la institución. Los artículos del manual fueran juzgadso conforme las variables relevancia, pertinencia, claridad y sencillez. Resultados: de las 39 proposiciones 100% alcanzó consenso ≥ 80% en la relevancia, pertinencia y claridad; 92,3% en la simplicidad. Los itens sueño/resto, movilidad y verificar las actividades prescritas no alcanzó consenso favorable, siendo mejoradas por las sugerencias de los jueces. Conclusión: creemos que el instrumento permitirá la mejora de los procesos de trabajo en PAD. .

ABSTRACT Objective: to build and validate an instrument aimed at monitoring the quality of nursing records in the Home Care Program (HCP) of a university hospital. Method: methodological study involving the elaboration of a manual, whose content was later submitted to six experts for validation, reaching a ≥ 80% consensus. The data collection process was carried out in 2012 by means of a questionnaire comprised of the following issues: nursing evolution, nursing diagnosis, and nursing prescription, and standards for the nursing team recommended by the Regional Nursing Council of São Paulo and by the assessed institution. Manual items were judged according to the following variables: relevance, pertinence, clarity and simplicity. Results: of the 39 propositions, 100% achieved ≥ 80% agreement in the relevance, pertinence and clarity variables; 92.3% in the simplicity variable. Sleep/rest, Mobility and Check-out variables did not reach a favorable minimum consensus in the prescribed activities and were improved following suggestions from the experts. Conclusion: we believe that the instrument will enable the improvement of the HCP’s work process. .

El significado del capital social "individual" en diabéticos receptores de cuidado en un contexto urbano colombiano / The meaning of "individual" social capital for diabetics receiving care in a Colombian city / O significado do capital social "individual" em diabéticos que precisam de cuidados dentro de um contexto urbano colombiano

Comprender el significado del capital social de la diabetes tipo 2 según género, dentro un contexto urbano colombiano. Investigación cualitativa del interaccionismo simbólico. 25 mujeres y 16 hombres, diabéticos, familiares, vecinos y personal asistencial participaron en seis grupos focales. Emergieron 850 códigos que se integraron en un set de 142 códigos de códigos para el ego, el alter y alter ego. Tres categorías y veinte subcategorías fueron identificadas para el diseño del "paradigma de la codificación". El significado no es igual para hombres y mujeres. Los vínculos sociales de las redes sociales, creados cotidianamente por la confianza y la solidaridad para el cuidado, son valorados de manera diferente, debido a experiencias y hechos sociales resultantes de la autoconfianza, la autoeficacia para el apoyo social principalmente y, la autoestima frente al manejo y control de la enfermedad. Los recursos sociales de un individuo son reificados para el manejo y cuidado de la enfermedad como estrategia para disminuir las inequidades en salud.

The aim of this study was to understand the meaning of social capital in relation to type 2 diabetes according to gender, within an urban setting in Colombia, based on a qualitative design for symbolic interactionism. Twenty-four women and 16 men with diabetes, family members, and healthcare personnel participated in six focus groups. A total of 850 codes emerged that comprised a set of 142 codes for ego, alter, and alter ego. Three categories and 20 subcategories were identified for the "coding paradigm design". The meaning differed between men and women. Social ties in social networks, created daily through trust and solidarity for care, were valued differently due to the social experiences and events resulting from self-confidence, self-efficacy for social support, and mainly self-esteem vis-à-vis management and control of the disease. An individual's social resources are reified for the management and care of the disease as a strategy to mitigate health inequalities. .

Compreender o significado do capital social, diabetes tipo 2 por sexo, um contexto urbano da Colômbia. pesquisa qualitativa do interacionismo simbólico. 25 mulheres e 16 homens, diabéticos, familiares, vizinhos e cuidadores participaram seis grupos focais. 850 códigos se que foram integrados em um conjunto de 142 codes para o ego, o alter e alter ego. Três categorias e vinte subcategorias foram identificados para o projeto de "codificação de paradigma". O significado não é o mesmo para homens e mulheres. Laços sociais das redes sociais criadas diariamente pela confiança e solidariedade são valorizados cuidado diferente, porque as experiências sociais e fatos resultantes da auto-confiança, auto-eficácia e de apoio social, principalmente, auto-gestão e controle em relação a doença. Os recursos sociais de um indivíduo são reificadas para a gestão o cuidado da doença como uma estratégia para reduzir as desigualdades na saúde.

Sudden Cardiac Death in Brazil: A Community-Based Autopsy Series (2006-2010) / Morte Súbita Cardíaca no Brasil: Análise dos Casos de Ribeirão Preto (2006-2010)

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a sudden unexpected event, from a cardiac cause, that occurs in less than one hour after the symptoms onset, in a person without any previous condition that would seem fatal or who was seen without any symptoms 24 hours before found dead. Although it is a relatively frequent event, there are only few reliable data in underdeveloped countries. Objective: We aimed to describe the features of SCD in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (600,000 residents) according to Coroners’ Office autopsy reports. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 4501 autopsy reports between 2006 and 2010, to identify cases of SCD. Specific cause of death as well as demographic information, date, location and time of the event, comorbidities and whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted were collected. Results: We identified 899 cases of SCD (20%); the rate was 30/100000 residents per year. The vast majority of cases of SCD involved a coronary artery disease (CAD) (64%) and occurred in men (67%), between the 6th and the 7th decades of life. Most events occurred during the morning in the home setting (53.3%) and CPR was attempted in almost half of victims (49.7%). The most prevalent comorbidity was systemic hypertension (57.3%). Chagas’ disease was present in 49 cases (5.5%). Conclusion: The majority of victims of SCD were men, in their sixties and seventies and the main cause of death was CAD. Chagas’ disease, an important public health problem in Latin America, was found in about 5.5% of the cases. .

Fundamento: Morte súbita cardíaca (MSC) é um evento súbito e inesperado, de causa cardiovascular, que ocorre em menos de uma hora após o início dos sintomas, em indivíduo sem qualquer condição clínica prévia potencialmente fatal ou assintomático nas últimas 24 horas antes do óbito, em caso de morte não testemunhada. Apesar de ser um evento relativamente frequente, há poucos dados confiáveis na literatura sobre países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Descrever as características da MSC em Ribeirão Preto (SP 600.000 habitantes) baseando-se nos relatórios de autopsias do Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos do Interior. Métodos: Foram revisados retrospectivamente 4.501 relatórios de autopsias entre 2006 e 2010, para identificar casos de MSC. Foram coletados dados como causa específica do óbito, características demográficas e comorbidades das vítimas, data, local e hora do evento, e se foram realizadas manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP). Resultados: Foram identificados 899 casos de MSC (20%; razão 30/100.000 habitantes por ano). A principal causa de MSC foi doença arterial coronariana (DAC - 64%), acometendo homens (67%) entre a sexta e a sétima década de vida. A maior parte dos eventos ocorreu durante a manhã, no domicílio (53,3%), e a RCP foi realizada em quase metade das vítimas (49,7%). A comorbidade mais prevalente foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica (57,3%). Doença de Chagas foi detectada em 49 casos (5,5%). Conclusão: A maioria dos casos de MSC ocorreu por DAC em homens entre a sexta e a sétima década de vida. Doença de Chagas, um importante problema de saúde pública na América Latina, foi detectada em 5,5% dos casos. .

Evaluation of a multiplex selective enrichment broth SEL for simultaneous detection of injured Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes

Although many rapid and high throughput molecular methods have been developed in the recent years for the multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens, the simultaneous recovery and enrichment of sublethally injured cells is still a problem that needs to be considered. Combined with previous established multiplex real-time PCR assay, the capability of simultaneous recovery and enrichment of sublethally injured Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes cells was evaluated in a multiplex selective enrichment broth SEL. The injured cells were obtained by heat shock. After evaluation of different procedures, 1 h of recovery period prior to 20 h of enrichment was proved to be necessary for the detection of less than 10 CFU/5 mL broth of injured L. monocytogenes. When the detection method was applied to artificially contaminated ground beef, all the three injured pathogens could be simultaneously detected without discrimination by real-time PCR combined with SEL broth, the detection limit was < 5 CFU/10 g ground beef. Comparatively, when BPW was employed as the enrichment broth in the same detection procedure, injured L. monocytogenes could not be detected if the initially spiked level was below 10² CFU/10 g ground beef. Considering the capability of co-enrichment and high detection effectiveness, the real-time PCR assay combined with SEL broth herein appears to be a promising tool for high-throughput screening of a large number of processed food samples, which require either single or multiple pathogen detection. More important, the sublethally injured foodborne pathogen cells were also detectable.

Validation of a modified fluorimetric assay for the screening of trichomonacidal drugs

A fluorimetric microassay that uses a redox dye to determine the viability of the flagellate Trichomonas vaginalis has been optimised to provide a more sensitive method to evaluate potential trichomonacidal compounds. Resazurin has been used in recent years to test drugs against different parasites, including trichomonadid protozoa; however, the reproducibility of these resazurin-based methods in our laboratory has been limited because the flagellate culture medium spontaneously reduces the resazurin. The objective of this work was to refine the fluorimetric microassay method previously developed by other research groups to reduce the fluorescence background generated by the media and increase the sensitivity of the screening assay. The experimental conditions, time of incubation, resazurin concentration and media used in the microtitre plates were adjusted. Different drug sensitivity studies against T. vaginalis were developed using the 5-nitroimidazole reference drugs, new 5-nitroindazolinones and 5-nitroindazole synthetic derivatives. Haemocytometer count results were compared with the resazurin assay using a 10% solution of 3 mM resazurin dissolved in phosphate buffered saline with glucose (1 mg/mL). The fluorimetric assay and the haemocytometer counts resulted in similar percentages of trichomonacidal activity in all the experiments, demonstrating that the fluorimetric microtitre assay has the necessary accuracy for high-throughput screening of new drugs against T. vaginalis.

Avaliação de testes sorológicos de triagem para diagnóstico da brucelose bubalina / Evaluation of screening serological tests for brucellosis diagnosis in buffaloes

The study compared the performance of three screening serological tests: buffered plate antigen (BPA), Rose-Bengal produced with 1119-3 Brucella abortus strain (RB1119-3), and Rose-Bengal produced with 99 Brucella abortus strain (RB99). Sera from 696 adult female animals were submitted to BPA, RB1119-3, RB99, 2-mercaptoethanol test (ME), and complement fixation test (FC). The gold standard was the combination of CF and ME. The Kappa values for BPA, RB99, and RB1119-3 were 0.82, 0.74, and 0.70, respectively. The relative sensitivity and specificity for the same tests were 0.98 and 0.96, 0.92 and 0.94, and 0.95 and 0.92, respectively. These results indicate that BPA is a better screening test than RB for buffalo, regardless of the B. abortus strain in RB.