The saga of psychoanalysis in Eastern Europe: repression and rebirth in Hungary, and in former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia / A saga da psicoanálise no leste eutopeu: repressão e renascimento na Hungria e nas antigas Tchecoslováquia e Iugoslávia

Abstract The paper shortly presents the early roles of Budapest, Prague, and Belgrade in the development of psychoanalytic movement in Central-Europe before the Second World War. Mapping this historical heritage, it suggests how psychoanalysts of former Soviet Bloc countries could restore their own psychoanalytic communities. The study investigates the consequences of these dictatorial and authoritarian regimes for psychoanalysis and for psychoanalysts focusing on similarities and differences in Hungary, in former Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Furthermore, it emphasizes the contribution of the international professional organizations - the International Psychoanalytic Association, and the European Psychoanalytic Federation - for reintegration of Budapest, Prague, and Belgrade to the international psychoanalytic community.

Resumo O artigo apresenta brevemente os papéis de Budapeste, Praga e Belgrado no desenvolvimento do movimento psicoanalítico na Europa central antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Mapeando essa herança histórica, o artigo sugere como psicanalistas do antigo bloco soviético puderam restaurar suas próprias comunidades psicoanalíticas. O estudo investiga as consequências desses regimes ditatoriais e autoritários para a psicanálise e para os psicanalistas focalizando as semelhanças e diferenças na Hungria e nas antigas Tchecoslováquia e Iugoslávia. Além disso, destaca a contribuição das organizações profissionais internacionais - a International Psychoanalytic Association e a European Psychoanalytic Federation - na reintegração de Budapeste, Praga e Belgrado à comunidade psicoanalítica internacional.

Manifest and latent relations between intracranial capacity and cephalofacial indexes / Relaciones manifiestas y latentes entre la capacidad intracraneal e índices cefalofaciales

The goals of this study were to find the average intracranial capacity of the living male-entities of Kosovo Albanian population, to define cephalofacial indexes and their interrelations with intracranial capacity and to explore their latent structure. Eight cephalofacial variables have been measured in 571 male entities of the Kosovo Albanian population, aged 18-35 years old. Of these measurements, 6 cephalofacial indexes and intracranial capacity were calculated. According to the results of Table it can be concluded that most of Albanian males from Kosovo have long, wide and average height head, as well as most of them have brachiocephalic head, low hypsicephalic, and tapeinocephalic head, with intracranial capacity 1379.2cc. Regression Analyzes show that among other cephalofacial indexes, vertical cephalic index and transversal cephalic index have higher predictive influence on size of the intracranial capacity (VCI=1.764; TCI=-1.45).The possibility of the prediction of Intracranial Capacity (ICC) based on the values of VCI and TCI argues their joint projection on the first extracted latent factor, which has been nominated as factor of the head volume. The latent structure of the cephalofacial indexes consists of three latent factors: 1) factor of the head volume; 2) facial factor; 3) cephalic factor...

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron conocer la capacidad intracraneal (CIC) media en hombres de población Albanesa de Kosovo, para definir los índices cefalofaciales y sus interrelaciones con la CIC, así como para explorar su estructura latente. Ocho variables cefalofaciales fueron medidas en 571 hombres de población Albanesa de Kosovo, con edades entre 18-35 años. A partir de estas mediciones se calcularon 6 índices cefalofaciales y CIC. De acuerdo con el primer objetivo, la mayoría de los hombres Albaneses de Kosovo tienen una cabeza larga, ancha y de altura media, así como la mayoría de ellos son braquiocefálicos, hipsicefálicos leves y de cabeza tapeinocefálica, con CIC de 1379,2cc. El análisis de regresión muestra que entre otros índices cefalofaciales, el índice cefálico vertical (ICV) e índice cefálico transversal (ICT) tienen la mayor influencia de predicción del tamaño de la capacidad intracraneal (ICV = 1,764; ICT = -1,45). La posibilidad de la predicción del ICV e ICT sobre la CIC, argumentan su proyección (junto con CIC) sobre el primer factor latente extraído, el cual ha sido denominado factor del volumen de la cabeza. La estructura latente de los índices cefalofaciales está constituida por tres factores latentes: 1) el factor del volumen de la cabeza, 2) el factor facial y 3) el factor cefálico...

Physical characteristics at different ages / Características físicas en diferentes edades

The purpose of this study was to study, observe, and clarify the dynamics of physical growth, as well as changes of some morphometrical and physiological variables of Kosovo population. 17,894 males from Kosovo between 6 and 51 years of age and older, were measured: body height, body weight, BMI, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, and VO max were recorded. The measurement data were processed through these descriptive statistical parameters: Mean, Standard-Deviation and the Coefficient of Variation, SD shows the similar dispersion of results between one age and another. CV signifies the reliability of the measurements that were carried out. The curve of body height for individuals between 6 and 17 years of age shows increases, for individuals between 18 and 40 years of age shows stable values, while for indiividuals above 40 years of age indicate a decrease.Body height difference between adults shows that adultsbetween 18 and 30 years old have the higher body height values, compared with the other two groups of tested adults. Body weight for individualsbetween 6 and 50 years old shows consistent increase of value. In individuals above 51 years of age, body weight decreases rapidly. According to BMIvalues individuals between 6 and 13 years of age were underweight. Those between 14 and 35 years of age, as well as those above 51 years of age showed normal weight. On the other hand, those between 36 and 50 years of age were slightly overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were higher as age increased, however were not above normal values. The best results of HR and VO2max were reported in adults between 19 and 27 years of age.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar, observar, y para aclarar la dinámica de crecimiento físico, así como los cambios de algunas variables morfométricas y fisiológicas de la población de Kosovo. En 17.894 hombres en Kosovo, de entre 6 y 51 años, se tomaron las siguientes medidas: Altura y peso corporal, IMC, presiones sistólica y diastólica, frecuencia cardíaca, VO2 máx. Los datos fueron procesados a través de los siguientes parámetros estadísticos descriptivos: media, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación. La DS muestra la dispersión de los resultados de acuerdo a la edad. CV determina la fiabilidad de las mediciones que se hicieron. La curva de la altura del cuerpo entre 6-17 años de edad aumentó entre los 18 y 40 años de edad, mientras que para individuos de más de 40 años la curva disminuye. La altura corporal mostró que los adultos entre 18-30 años son más altos, en comparación con otros dos grupos. El peso corporal aumenta desde los 6 a los 50 años edad, mientras que después de los 51 años se produce rápidamente su disminución. De acuerdo a los valores de IMC, los individuos entre 6-13 años de edad presentaban bajo peso. Los individuos entre 14-35 años y superiores a 51 años presentaban un peso normal. Los individuos entre 36-50 años, presentaron un ligero sobrepeso. Aumentaron las presiones sistólica y diastólica de acuerdo a la edad, pero no por encima del valor normal. Los mejores resultados de la frecuencia cardiaca y VO2máx se alcanzaron en los adultos entre 19 y 27 años.

Implementation of monitoring for genetically modified rapeseed in Serbia

Genetically modified (GMO) rapeseed (Brassica napus) is not grown commercially in European Union, but several lines have been approved for production and use as food and feed. A case-specific monitoring of herbicide-tolerant rapeseed, events RT73, RF3 and T45 was established by Ministry of Agriculture of Republic of Serbia. The objectives of the present study were to introduce methods for detection of herbicide-tolerant GM oilseed rape, investigate occurrence and monitor the presence of GM rapeseed in seed and the feed products, as well as to develop a protocol for quantification. The study was based on 48 samples, rapeseed (33) and feed (15) products, imported from EU countries (Germany, Belgium, France, Czech Republic, Austria) and from domestic market. Seven positive feed samples and no positive seed samples have found. The percent of GMO in feed samples, estimated on semi-quantitative way, was below labelling threshold. Adventitious presence of GM materials in non-GM grain, derived food and feedstuffs is a concern to international grain trade and needs continuous monitoring.

Molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in central intensive care unit in Kosova teaching hospital

Infections caused by bacteria of genus Acinetobacter pose a significant health care challenge worldwide. Information on molecular epidemiological investigation of outbreaks caused by Acinetobacter species in Kosova is lacking. The present investigation was carried out to enlight molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacterbaumannii in the Central Intensive Care Unit (CICU) of a University hospital in Kosova using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). During March - July 2006, A. baumannii was isolated from 30 patients, of whom 22 were infected and 8 were colonised. Twenty patients had ventilator-associated pneumonia, one patient had meningitis, and two had coinfection with bloodstream infection and surgical site infection. The most common diagnoses upon admission to the ICU were politrauma and cerebral hemorrhage. Bacterial isolates were most frequently recovered from endotracheal aspirate (86.7 percent). First isolation occurred, on average, on day 8 following admission (range 1-26 days). Genotype analysis of A. baumannii isolates identified nine distinct PFGE patterns, with predominance of PFGE clone E represented by isolates from 9 patients. Eight strains were resistant to carbapenems. The genetic relatedness of Acinetobacter baumannii was high, indicating cross-transmission within the ICU setting. These results emphasize the need for measures to prevent nosocomial transmission of A. baumannii in ICU.

Cephalofacial morphological characteristics of Albanian Kosova population

Although the human race must be regarded as a unit intellectually and physically, from the anthropologists' viewpoint the particular set of bones most often measured for purposes of racial classification are those of the head. The aim of the present work was to determine some relevant cephalofacial parameters, particularly in relation to sex and to study the distribution of basic head and face types of a Kosova Albanian population. The study sample comprised 754 subjects of both sex (561 male and 193 female) aged 18 to 35 from Kosova. Five basic cephalofacial variables were measured to obtain the head and face indexes. Statistically significant differences between two treated groups, according to sex, were found almost in all measured cephalofacial variables. Such proportional differences did not influence only the Total Facial index. According to the horizontal cephalic Index the head of the treated subjects (51.9 percent males, 46.1 percent females) mainly belongs to brachiocephalic type; According to the vertical cephalic Index 48.4 percent of the treated male entities and 40.4 percent of the female entities belongs to the type with low hypsicephalic head. According to the transverse cephalic Index both treated entities mainly (male 66.8 percent and female 75.1 percent) belongs to the group with tapeinocephalic type of the head. According to the total facial index the treated male entities are mainly distributed in two types of the face: leptoprosop type (31.2 percent) and hyperleptoprosop type (31.6 percent), whereas the female entities are mostly (48.7 percent) concentrated in hyperleptoprosop facial type.

A pesar que la raza humana debe considerarse como una unidad intelectual y físicamente hablando, desde el punto de vista de los antropólogos, la particular serie de huesos que con mayor frecuencia son medidos para efectos de clasificación racial, son los de la cabeza. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar algunos parámetros cefalofaciales pertinentes, en particular los relacionados con el sexo, para estudiar la distribución básica del tipo de cabeza y cara en una población albanesa de Kosovo. La muestra del estudio fue de 754 sujetos, de ambos sexos (561 varones y 193 mujeres), entre 18 y 35 años, de Kosovo. Cinco variables cefalofaciales básicas fueron medidas para obtener índices de la cabeza y cara. Diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos estudiados, de acuerdo al sexo, se encontraron casi en todas las variables cefalofaciales medidas. Estas diferencias proporcionales no sólo influyen en el índice facial total. Según el índice cefálico horizontal de la cabeza de los sujetos estudiados (51,9 por ciento hombres, 46,1 por ciento mujeres), principalmente pertenecen al tipo braquiocefálico. De acuerdo con el índice cefálico vertical el 48,4 por ciento de los varones estudiados y el 40,4 por ciento de las mujeres pertenecen al tipo de cabeza con hipsicefalia baja. Según el índice cefálico transversal ambos grupos de sujetos estudiados (66,8 por ciento varones y mujeres 75,1 por ciento) presentan principalmente cabeza tapeinocefálica. Según el índice facial total de los varones estudiados se distribuyen principalmente en dos tipos de cara: tipo leptoprosopo (31,2 por ciento) y tipo hiperleptoprosopo (31,6 por ciento), mientras que la mayoría de las mujeres (48,7 por ciento) se concentraron en el tipo facial hiperleptoprosopo.

Evaluación del Programa de Educación para la Salud en el tratamiento estomatológico de mujeres embarazadas en la ciudad de Nis, Serbia / Evaluation of the Health Education Program for the dental treatment of pregnant women in the Nis city, Serbia

Introducción: Para mantener y mejorar la salud oral en pacientes embarazadas es necesario implementar programas de educación para la salud. El presente estudio trata de evaluar los resultados obtenidos en un programa de educación para la salud bucal en mujeres durante el segundo trimestre de embarazo. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la implementación de un programa de educación para la salud bucal en mujeres embarazadas. Material y métodos: El estudio fue realizado en el Centro de Salud del Distrito de Nis-Serbia, en pacientes embarazadas durante el segundo trimestre de embarazo. Se formaron 3 grupos de estudio; 1 grupo experimental y 2 grupos control. Resultados: El programa demostró resultados estadísticamente significativos en cuanto a prevención y actividades educativas. Las pacientes cambiaron su conducta, hábitos y actitudes en relación a nutrición, higiene oral, prevención de caries y visitas al odontólogo. Conclusión: Los programas de educación para la salud pueden lograr cambios no sólo en las mujeres embarazadas en cuanto a comportamiento, hábitos y actitudes sino también en sus descendientes.

Introduction: In order to maintain and improve oral health in pregnant woman it is needed to implement health educational programs. This study evaluates obtained results of an educational program for oral health in pregnant woman in their second trimester of their gestational period. Purpose. To evaluate the effect of the educational oral health program in pregnant woman: Material and methods: the study was carried out at the Nis Health Centre, Serbia, in pregnant woman in their second trimester of their gestational period. Three study groups of 60 each were assigned one experimental and two control groups. Results: The obtained data was statistically significant in respect to prevention and educational activities. The participants changed their behavior, habits and attitude towards nutrition, oral hygiene, caries prevention and dental visits. Conclusion: Health educational programs can achieve change not only in pregnant women behavior, habits, and attitude but also are benefical to their offspring.