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1.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc ; 324: 124989, 2025 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39154403

RESUMO

A newly developed 2H5MA-MOF sensor by covalently linking NH2-MIL-53(Al) with 2'-Hydroxy-5'-methylacetophenon, designed for highly sensitive and selective detection of Cd2+ ions using fluorometric methods. Detailed structural and morphological analyses confirmed the sensor's unique properties. It demonstrated an impressive linear detection range from 0 to 2 ppm, with an exceptionally low detection limit of 5.77 × 10-2 ppm and a quantification limit of 1.75 × 10-1 ppm, indicating its high sensitivity (R2 = 0.9996). The sensor also responded quickly, detecting Cd2+ within just 30 s at pH 4. We successfully tested it on real samples of tap water and human blood plasma, achieving recovery rates between 96 % and 104 %. The accuracy of these findings was further validated by comparison with ICP-OES. Overall, the 2H5MA-MOF sensor shows great potential for fast, ultra-sensitive, and reliable detection of Cd2+ ions, making it a promising tool for environmental and biomedical applications.


Assuntos
Cádmio , Água Potável , Limite de Detecção , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Cádmio/sangue , Cádmio/análise , Humanos , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Água Potável/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/sangue , Íons/sangue , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio
2.
J Environ Sci (China) ; 147: 582-596, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39003073

RESUMO

As an emerging environmental contaminant, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in tap water have attracted great attention. Although studies have provided ARG profiles in tap water, research on their abundance levels, composition characteristics, and potential threat is still insufficient. Here, 9 household tap water samples were collected from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. Additionally, 75 sets of environmental sample data (9 types) were downloaded from the public database. Metagenomics was then performed to explore the differences in the abundance and composition of ARGs. 221 ARG subtypes consisting of 17 types were detected in tap water. Although the ARG abundance in tap water was not significantly different from that found in drinking water plants and reservoirs, their composition varied. In tap water samples, the three most abundant classes of resistance genes were multidrug, fosfomycin and MLS (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin) ARGs, and their corresponding subtypes ompR, fosX and macB were also the most abundant ARG subtypes. Regarding the potential mobility, vanS had the highest abundance on plasmids and viruses, but the absence of key genes rendered resistance to vancomycin ineffective. Generally, the majority of ARGs present in tap water were those that have not been assessed and are currently not listed as high-threat level ARG families based on the World Health Organization Guideline. Although the current potential threat to human health posed by ARGs in tap water is limited, with persistent transfer and accumulation, especially in pathogens, the potential danger to human health posed by ARGs should not be ignored.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Metagenômica , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genética , Água Potável/microbiologia , China , Monitoramento Ambiental , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Microbiologia da Água
3.
PLoS One ; 19(9): e0308424, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39240952

RESUMO

Hardness is one of the basic parameters of water, and a high-level hardness of drinking water may be harmful to human health. Thus, it is very important to monitor drinking water hardness. In this work, a portable lateral flow distance-based paper sensor for the semi-quantitative detection of drinking water hardness is demonstrated. In the presence of Ca2+/Mg2+, the hydrogel can be formed via the chelation between sodium alginate and Ca2+/Mg2+, inducing a phase separation process. The viscosity change of the sodium alginate solution is directly related to the Ca2+/Mg2+ concentration and can be determined by the water lateral flow distance on test strips. The sensor successfully realizes the quantification of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the range of 0-10 mmol L-1 and 4-20 mmol L-1, respectively. The recoveries are found varied from 95% to 108.9%. The water hardness is acceptable for drinking if the Cr values lies in the range of 0.259 to 0.419, and it is high with the Cr value above 0.595. Remarkably, the performance of the sensor is comparable with the commercial kit for real water samples, which avoids the subjective judgment. Overall, this method provides a portable approach for semi-quantitative detection of drinking water hardness with the merits of convenience and low cost, which shows great potential for the potential application.


Assuntos
Cálcio , Água Potável , Magnésio , Papel , Água Potável/análise , Água Potável/química , Magnésio/análise , Cálcio/análise , Alginatos/química , Alginatos/análise , Viscosidade , Dureza , Humanos
4.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(10): 880, 2024 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39223339

RESUMO

Good quality water for human consumption, irrigation, and industrial use is very important. Today, around the world, water is contaminated by natural processes and human activities. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation, identify the source of fluoride and nitrate contamination, and assess the human health risks around the Cauvery River basin in southern India. A total of 30 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for hydrochemical parameters, including EC, TDS, pH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, and F-. The majority of groundwater samples in the study area are used for drinking and irrigation. The pH of groundwater in the study area was observed to be dominantly alkaline. The levels of TDS, Ca, Na, K, F, and TH exceeded the permissible limits recommended by BIS and WHO. Fluoride and nitrate levels in groundwater exceeded the permissible limits for drinking purposes in 43% and 50% of the samples, respectively. The excessive concentration of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater could pose serious human health problems. Fluoride and nitrate concentrations in groundwater vary between 0.1 and 2 mg/l and 12 and 95 mg/l, respectively. Based on the computation of the drinking water quality index, about 73% of groundwater samples were classified as excellent to good. Health risk was assessed for infants, children, and adults using non-carcinogenic risk indices such as hazard quotients (HQ), hazard indexes (HI), total hazard indices (THI), and carcinogenic risk indices (CR). Infants, children, and adults have different total hazards indexes ranging from 1.508 to 5.733, 1.579 to 6.003, and 0.011 to 0.046, respectively. Health risk assessment results indicated that the hazard index and hazard quotient were above the recommended limit of > 1 in most of the samples for infants and children. Non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risks were more likely to affect infants and children rather than adults through ingestion of contaminated water.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Fluoretos , Água Subterrânea , Nitratos , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Qualidade da Água , Índia , Humanos , Fluoretos/análise , Nitratos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Água Subterrânea/química , Medição de Risco , Rios/química , Água Potável/química
5.
PLoS One ; 19(9): e0310420, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39283869

RESUMO

AIM: To evaluate the association between the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in 8-12-year-old schoolchildren living in an area with a high concentration of fluoride in the drinking water. METHODS: The present cross­sectional study was conducted on Mexican children (n = 573) selected from one community presenting a drinking water fluoride concentration of 1.39 ppm/F. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was ascertained using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI). The presence and severity of MIH was evaluated using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. A multinomial regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI), using the severity of MIH as the result. RESULTS: The prevalence of MIH was 37.7% and, by severity, was 16.1% mild, 14.3% moderate, and 7.3% severe. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in permanent dentition was 70.9% (TFI ≥1) and, by severity, was 29.2% (TFI = 0), 45.6% (TFI 1-3) and 25.3% (TFI ≥4), while 54.5% of subjects were found to have poor oral hygiene. Schoolchildren with fluorosis (TFI ≥4) were 49% less likely [OR = 0.51; p = 0.025] to present mild MIH than children with fluorosis (TFI <4). Similarly, children with fluorosis (TFI ≥4) were 53% [OR = 0.47; p = 0.019] and 62% [OR = 0.38; p = 0.036] less likely to present moderate and severe MIH than children with fluorosis (TFI <4). CONCLUSION: An inverse relationship between the presence of fluorosis and MIH was found. The results obtained by the present study may contribute to both the early identification of disorders affecting the enamel and the creation and implementation of long-term oral health prevention, promotion, and intervention programs in the affected population.


Assuntos
Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário , Água Potável , Fluoretos , Fluorose Dentária , Humanos , Fluorose Dentária/epidemiologia , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , México/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Água Potável/análise , Água Potável/química , Fluoretos/análise , Fluoretos/efeitos adversos , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/induzido quimicamente , Prevalência , Hipomineralização Molar
6.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 2511, 2024 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39285409

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ensuring the availability of safe drinking water remains a critical challenge in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the prevalence of fecal coliform and E. coli bacteria and, geographical, children availability, and seasonal exposure assessment through a meta-analysis. METHODS: Two independent review groups extensively searched internet databases for English-language research articles published between 2013 and 2023. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of each included study was evaluated using the STROBE guidelines. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of a funnel plot and then tested by the Egger regression test, and meta-analysis was performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models with inverse variance weighting. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to explore heterogeneity. RESULTS: Out of 48 potentially relevant studies, only 21 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of fecal coliform and E. coli was 64% (95% CI: 56.0-71.0%, I2 = 95.8%) and 54% (95% CI: 45.7-62.3%, I2 = 94.2%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of fecal coliform bacteria increased during the wet season (70%) compared to the dry season (60%), particularly in households with under-five children (74%) compared to all households (61%), in rural (68%) versus urban (66%) areas, and in regions with high prevalence such as Amhara (71%), Gambela (71%), and Oromia (70%). Similarly, the prevalence of E. coli was higher in households with under-five children (66%) than in all households (46%). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis highlights the higher prevalence of fecal coliform and E. coli within households drinking water, indicating that these bacteria are a significant public health concern. Moreover, these findings emphasize the critical need for targeted interventions aimed at improving drinking water quality to reduce the risk of fecal contamination and enhance public health outcomes for susceptible groups, including households with under-five children, in particular geographical areas such as the Amhara, Gambela, and Oromia regions, as well as rural areas, at point-of-use, and during the rainy season. REGISTRATION: This review was registered on PROSPERO (registration ID - CRD42023448812).


Assuntos
Água Potável , Escherichia coli , Fezes , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Água Potável/microbiologia , Prevalência , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Características da Família , Estações do Ano , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação
7.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(37): 16475-16487, 2024 Sep 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39235268

RESUMO

Genome-resolved insights into the structure and function of the drinking water microbiome can advance the effective management of drinking water quality. To enable this, we constructed and curated thousands of metagenome-assembled and isolate genomes from drinking water distribution systems globally to develop a Drinking Water Genome Catalog (DWGC). The current DWGC disproportionately represents disinfected drinking water systems due to a paucity of metagenomes from nondisinfected systems. Using the DWGC, we identify core genera of the drinking water microbiome including a genus (UBA4765) within the order Rhizobiales that is frequently detected and highly abundant in disinfected drinking water systems. We demonstrate that this genus has been widely detected but incorrectly classified in previous amplicon sequencing-based investigations of the drinking water microbiome. Further, we show that a single genome variant (genomovar) within this genus is detected in 75% of drinking water systems included in this study. We propose a name for this uncultured bacterium as "Raskinella chloraquaticus" and describe the genus as "Raskinella" (endorsed by SeqCode). Metabolic annotation and modeling-based predictions indicate that this bacterium is capable of necrotrophic growth, is able to metabolize halogenated compounds, proliferates in a biofilm-based environment, and shows clear indications of disinfection-mediated selection.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Água Potável/microbiologia , Desinfecção , Bactérias/genética , Microbiota , Genoma Bacteriano , Metagenoma
8.
Nutrients ; 16(17)2024 Aug 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39275229

RESUMO

Iodine and fluorine, as halogen elements, are often coexisting in water environments, with nearly 200 million people suffering from fluorosis globally, and, in 11 countries and territories, adolescents have iodine intakes higher than that required for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders. It has been suggested that excess iodine and/or fluorine can affect thyroid health and intellectual development, especially in children, but their combined effect has been less studied in this population. This study investigated 399 school-age children in Tianjin, China, collected drinking water samples from areas where the school-age children lived, and grouped the respondents according to iodine and fluorine levels. Thyroid health was measured using thyroid hormone levels, thyroid volume, and the presence of thyroid nodules; intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed using the Raven's Progressive Matrices (CRT) test; and monoamine neurotransmitter levels were used to explore the potential relationship between thyroid health and intelligence. Multiple linear regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses showed that iodine and fluorine were positively correlated with thyroid volume and the incidence of thyroid nodules in school-age children, and negatively correlated with IQ; similar results were obtained in the secondary subgroups based on urinary iodine and urinary fluoride levels. Interaction analyses revealed a synergistic effect of iodine and fluorine. A pathway analysis showed that iodine and fluorine were negatively associated with the secretion of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), which in turn were negatively associated with the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Iodine and fluorine may affect IQ in school-aged children through the above pathways that affect thyroid hormone secretion; of these, FT3 and TSH were negatively correlated with IQ, whereas FT4 was positively correlated with IQ. The relationship between thyroid hormones and monoamine neurotransmitters may involve the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, with FT4 hormone concentrations positively correlating with dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) concentrations, and FT3 hormone concentrations positively correlating with DA concentrations. Monoamine neurotransmitters may play a mediating role in the effects of iodine and fluoride on intelligence in schoolchildren. However, this study has some limitations, as the data were derived from a cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China, and no attention was paid to the reciprocal effects of iodine and fluorine at different doses on thyroid health and intelligence in schoolchildren in other regions.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Flúor , Inteligência , Iodo , Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Criança , Iodo/urina , Iodo/deficiência , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Inteligência/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Potável/química , Água Potável/análise , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , China , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangue , Adolescente , Testes de Inteligência
9.
Nutrients ; 16(17)2024 Aug 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39275162

RESUMO

In Bangladesh, groundwater, the principal source of drinking water, contains predominantly high levels of iron. Drinking groundwater is associated with good iron status in populations. Against this backdrop, iron supplementation is often associated with side effects, which reduces its intake compliance. However, the level of iron in groundwater is not consistent, and low levels exist in many areas of the country. In the present study, we examined the role of groundwater with a low concentration of iron in the prevention of anemia in Bangladeshi children. In 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangladesh among children aged 2-5 years (n = 122) who drank groundwater containing a low level of iron (0-<2 mg/L). The combined intake of iron was calculated from the key sources-diet, groundwater, and the simulated intake of MNPs. The intakes of iron were compared against the standard reference intake. The children's hemoglobin levels were measured using a photometer. The combined intake of iron from diet, groundwater with low levels of iron, and the simulated consumption of low-iron MNP in children was 5.8 ± 2.0 and 6.9 ± 2.5 mg/day, comprising 193% and 169% of the Estimated Average Requirements in the 2-3-year-old and 4-5-year-old subgroups, respectively. The combined intake of bioavailable iron from dietary and low-iron groundwater was 0.42 ± 0.023 and 0.22 ± 0.019 mg/day in children exposed to groundwater concentrations of 0.8-<2.0 mg/L and 0.0-<0.8 mg/L, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean concentration of hemoglobin in the respective groups was 12.17 ± 0.94 g/dL and 11.91 ± 0.91 g/dL (p = 0.30). The combined intake of iron from diet and the low-iron groundwater was associated with maintenance of hemoglobin concentration at the non-anemic level in > 90% of the children. The findings highlight the protective influence of the low concentration of iron in the drinking groundwater against childhood anemia in Bangladesh.


Assuntos
Água Subterrânea , Ferro , População Rural , Humanos , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Água Subterrânea/química , Água Subterrânea/análise , Estudos Transversais , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Feminino , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Ferro/sangue , Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Água Potável/química , Água Potável/análise , Hemoglobinas/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais , Dieta
10.
Nutrients ; 16(17)2024 Aug 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39275197

RESUMO

This study looked at how desalinated seawater, which has low minerals and high boron, could affect bone health. Prior research suggests that low mineral water may harm bone health and boron could be beneficial, but the overall impact on bone health is still unclear. Eighty-nine-week-old male Balb/C mice were allocated into eight groups and administered either tap water or purified water with varying boron concentrations (0, 5, 40, and 200 mg/L). They were kept in an environment mimicking tropical conditions (35-40 °C, 70-80% humidity) and underwent daily treadmill exercise for 13 weeks. At the 14th week, serum, femora, and lumbar vertebrae were collected for mineral metabolism, bone biomarker, microstructure, and biomechanics evaluation. Boron exposure improved bone formation, microstructure, and biomechanics initially but the benefits weakened with higher levels of exposure (p < 0.05). Co-exposure to purified water elevated serum boron but weakened the promotion of boron on bone minerals and the bone benefits of boron compared to tap water (p < 0.05). Thus, when studying the health effects of boron in desalinated seawater, it is crucial to look at various health effects beyond bone health. Furthermore, it is important to consider the mineral composition of drinking water when using boron for bone health benefits.


Assuntos
Osso e Ossos , Boro , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Águas Minerais , Água do Mar , Animais , Boro/farmacologia , Masculino , Água do Mar/química , Camundongos , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Potável , Biomarcadores/sangue , Vértebras Lombares/efeitos dos fármacos , Fêmur/efeitos dos fármacos
11.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 391, 2024 Sep 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39232745

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Plasma-activated water (PAW) is an innovative promising technology which could be applied to improve poultry health. The current study investigated the effects of drinking water supply with PAW on quail behaviour, performance, biochemical parameters, carcass quality, intestinal microbial populations, and internal organs histopathology. A total of 54 twenty-one-day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly allotted to three treatments provided with PAW at doses 0, 1 ml (PAW-1), and 2 ml (PAW-2) per one litter drinking water. Each treatment contained 6 replicates (3 birds/ cage; one male and two females). RESULTS: The results clarified that there were no significant (P > 0.05) changes in behaviour, and performance. For the biochemical indicators, the PAW-1 group showed significantly higher serum H2O2, total protein and globulin levels compared with the other groups (P = 0.015, < 0.001, and 0.019; respectively). PAW groups had significantly lower serum creatinine and urea levels than the control (P = 0.003). For the carcass quality, the internal organs relative weight between different treatments was not changed. In contrast, there was a significant increase in the meat colour, taste, and overall acceptance scores in PAW groups compared with the control one (P = 0.013, 0.001, and < 0.001; respectively). For the intestinal microbial population, lactobacilli count was significantly higher in PAW-2 compared with the control group (P = 0.014), while there were no changes in the total bacterial count between different treatment groups. Moreover, mild histological changes were recorded in the intestine, liver, and spleen of PAW groups especially PAW-2 compared with the control one. CONCLUSIONS: PAW offered benefits, such as reducing creatine and urea levels, improving meat characteristics, and increasing lactobacilli count, all of which are crucial for sustainable quail farming. Therefore, further research is needed.


Assuntos
Coturnix , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Comportamento Animal , Carne/análise , Carne/normas , Água Potável/microbiologia , Água Potável/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal
12.
Appetite ; 202: 107645, 2024 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39179109

RESUMO

The study objective was to identify correlates of tap water consumption among adolescents. French-speaking adolescents from the province of Québec (Canada) were recruited in person and online from March to July 2023 using diverse recruitment strategies. Water consumption was measured using the validated French version of a questionnaire specifically designed to measure adolescents' beverage intake. Participants answered an online survey on their attitude towards tap and bottled water which also measured individual and environmental factors that can influence tap water consumption. A total of 218 adolescents (14-17 years; 55.5% female) completed the survey. On average, 79.2% of adolescents' water intake came from tap and 33.5% of them consumed exclusively tap water. Thinking that bottled water is more convenient than tap water was a significant correlate of adolescents' tap water consumption (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.95; p = 0.0219). Adolescents who believed that bottled water is more convenient than tap water were less likely to consume exclusively tap water. Public health interventions aimed at promoting adolescents' tap water should strive to make tap water intake be perceived as convenient as bottled water, such as encouraging teenagers to always carry along a reusable water bottle, installing drinking fountains in popular public areas, and increasing the visibility of such fountains.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Quebeque , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ingestão de Líquidos , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/psicologia , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia
13.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 283: 116800, 2024 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096691

RESUMO

The exposure of organic UV filters has been increasingly confirmed to induce adverse effects on humans. However, the critical exposure pathway and the vulnerable population of organic UV filters are not clearly identified. This paper attempts to evaluate the health risk of commonly used organic UV filters from various exposure routes based on comprehensive analysis strategy. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) values of organic UV filters through four pathways (dermal exposure, indoor dust, indoor air, and drinking water) for various age groups were determined. Although the total HQ values (0.01-0.4) from comprehensive exposure of organic UV filters were below risk threshold (1.0), infants were identified as the most vulnerable population, with EDI (75.71 ng/kg-bw/day) of 2-3 times higher than that of adults. Additionally, the total EDI values of individual exposure pathways were estimated and ranked as follows: indoor air (138.44 ng/kg-bw/day) > sunscreen application (37.2 ng/kg-bw/day) > drinking water (21.87 ng/kg-bw/day) > indoor dust (9.24 ng/kg-bw/day). Moreover, we successfully tailored the Sankey diagram to depict the EDI proportion of individual organic UV filters from four exposure pathways. It was noted that EHMC (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate) and EHS (ethylhexyl salicylate) dominated the contribution of EDI (72 %) via indoor air exposure routes. This study serves as a crucial reference for enhancing public health risk awareness concerning organic UV filters, with a special focus on the vulnerable populations such as infants and children.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Protetores Solares , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Protetores Solares/análise , Protetores Solares/toxicidade , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactente , Criança , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Raios Ultravioleta , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/estatística & dados numéricos , Água Potável/química , Poeira/análise , Cinamatos/análise , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Salicilatos/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
14.
Acta Parasitol ; 69(3): 1517-1521, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39162924

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to determine the presence of Entamoeba histolytica in water sources of Nigde province in Turkey, between June and November 2021. METHODS: A total of 90 water samples were taken from 15 different water sources (drinking water, well water, spring water, wastewater and dam water) every month and the presence of E. histolytica antigens in the samples was examined by ELISA. RESULTS: The positivity for E. histolytica was determined in 7 (7.7%) of 90 samples. While no antigens were found in any of the samples in June and September, E. histolytica was positive for three samples (20%) in July, one sample (6.6%) in August and October and two samples in November (13.3%). One of 24 dam samples (4.1%), 1 of 12 wastewater samples (8.3%), 1 of 12 well samples (8.3%), and 4 of 24 fountain samples (16.6%) that examined by ELISA were found positive. On the other hand, none of the examined 18 spring samples were positive. In addition, 4 (8.8%) of 45 samples that examined in summer and 3 (6.6%) of 45 samples that examined in autumn were detected positive by using ELISA. Entamoeba histolytica positivity in samples was statistically insignificant in terms of months, water resources and seasons (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result, the presence of E. histolytica, which is an important public health problem in water sources, was determined for the first time in Nigde province of Türkiye with this study.


Assuntos
Entamoeba histolytica , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Estações do Ano , Entamoeba histolytica/isolamento & purificação , Turquia/epidemiologia , Água Potável/parasitologia , Antígenos de Protozoários/análise , Águas Residuárias/parasitologia , Entamebíase/parasitologia , Entamebíase/epidemiologia , Humanos , Abastecimento de Água
15.
Euro Surveill ; 29(35)2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39212061

RESUMO

On 22 April 2024, a locally-acquired case of cholera was confirmed in Mayotte. Subsequently, local transmission resulted in eight outbreak clusters with 221 notified cases in densely populated neighbourhoods with limited or no access to drinking water. The last case was detected on 12 July. A case-area targeted intervention strategy was applied to contain the outbreak. However, improving access to drinking water and basic sanitation is crucial to prevent further exposure.


Assuntos
Cólera , Surtos de Doenças , Vibrio cholerae , Humanos , Cólera/epidemiologia , França/epidemiologia , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Idoso , Água Potável/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Adulto Jovem , Lactente , Saneamento
16.
J Water Health ; 22(8): 1491-1515, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39212283

RESUMO

This review explores our understanding of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis distribution in Middle East and North African (MENA) water resources. Results emphasize that Cryptosporidium species (sp.) and G. duodenalis (oo)cysts are present in distinct categories of water in ten MENA countries. Cryptosporidium sp. proportional prevalence in the MENA region was 24.5% (95% CI 16.3-33.8), while G. duodenalis prevalence was 37.7% (95% CI 21.9-55.1). Raw wastewater and surface water were the water categories most significantly impacted. Both parasites were reported in the various types of MENA drinking waters. The most frequent species/genotypes reported were C. hominis, C. parvum, and G. duodenalis assemblage A. Despite the high prevalence of (oo)cysts reported, we should consider the absence of waterborne outbreaks. This indicates significant underestimation and underreporting of both parasites in MENA. Stakeholders should apply water contamination legislation to eradicate Cryptosporidium sp. and G. duodenalis (oo)cysts from water resources/categories.


Assuntos
Cryptosporidium , Giardia lamblia , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Giardia lamblia/isolamento & purificação , Oriente Médio/epidemiologia , África do Norte/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/parasitologia , Humanos , Recursos Hídricos , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Giardíase/parasitologia , Água Potável/parasitologia , Abastecimento de Água
17.
Environ Res ; 260: 119753, 2024 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39127331

RESUMO

SHORT: and ultra-short chain perfluoroalkyl substances (S- and US-PFAS) are alternatives for the long-chain PFAS which have been more regulated over time. They are highly mobile in the environment and can easily reach drinking water sources which can become an important human exposure route. Furthermore, there have been growing concerns about the presence of PFAS in Flanders. Because of this, human exposure to S- and US-PFAS through Flemish drinking water was evaluated in this study. For this purpose, the presence of 2 S-PFAS (PFBS and PFBA) and 5 US-PFAS (PFPrS, PFEtS, TFMS, PFPrA and TFA) was investigated in 47 tap water samples, collected from different Flemish provinces, and 16 bottled waters purchased in Flanders. Out of the 7 target PFAS, 4 (PFBA, PFBS, PFPrS and PFEtS) were detected at concentrations above LOQ in tap water. In bottled water, only TFMS was present above its LOQ. PFAS concentrations in all analyzed water samples ranged from <0.7 to 7.3 ng/L for PFBS, <0.03-15.0 ng/L for TFMS and <0.9-12.0 ng/L for PFBA. PFPrS was only detected once above its LOQ, at 0.6 ng/L. No value could be reported for PFPrA due to high procedural blanks resulting in a high LOQ, nor for TFA due to high matrix effect. No significant differences in PFAS concentrations were seen in tap water among different drinking water companies, provinces, nor between the two types of analyzed bottled water (natural mineral water vs spring water). The use of a commercial carbon filter significantly reduced the median concentrations of the studied compounds in tap water. Finally, it was estimated that the presence of S- and US-PFAS in Flemish drinking water does not pose an immediate threat to human health, as concentrations were at least two orders of magnitude below the available guidance values.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Fluorocarbonos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Bélgica , Água Potável/química , Água Potável/análise , Humanos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Fluorocarbonos/análise , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental
18.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 110(3): 116478, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39146636

RESUMO

Tularemia is a widespread bacterial disease caused by Francisella tularensis. Iran is an endemic country for this zoonosis. In this report, we present a 2020 tularemia outbreak in a village in northwestern Iran involving 15 patients with the oropharyngeal form of the disease. This outbreak was probably linked to the consumption of contaminated drinking water.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Água Potável , Francisella tularensis , Tularemia , Tularemia/epidemiologia , Tularemia/microbiologia , Tularemia/transmissão , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Água Potável/microbiologia , Francisella tularensis/isolamento & purificação , Francisella tularensis/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Adulto , Orofaringe/microbiologia , Idoso , Microbiologia da Água , Adulto Jovem
19.
Anal Chem ; 96(35): 14248-14256, 2024 Sep 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39167046

RESUMO

Precise and rapid identification of pesticides is crucial to ensure a green environment, food safety, and human health. However, complex sample environments often hinder precise identification, especially for simultaneous differentiation of multiple pesticides. Herein, we first synthesize a Eu(III)-functionalized HOF-on-HOF composite (Eu@PFC-1@MA-TPA) and then utilize principal component analysis (PCA) and a machine learning (ML) algorithm to achieve simultaneous identification of the pesticides 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline (DCN) and thiabendazole (TBZ) and their mixtures. Eu@PFC-1@MA-TPA displays high quantitative identification ability, which can distinguish single DCN and TBZ as low as 1 µM and their mixtures at 5 µM through PCA. In addition, the hydrogel film Eu@PFC-1@MA-TPA/AG is fabricated to monitor DCN and TBZ in drinking water, tap water, river water, and apple juice with high sensitivity. Furthermore, based on the obvious fluorescence color variance of pesticides, Eu@PFC-1@MA-TPA/AG achieves visual and in situ imaging detection of single DCN and TBZ and their mixtures. More importantly, we construct an intelligent artificial vision platform integrating Eu@PFC-1@MA-TPA/AG with a DenseNet algorithm, which can identify the concentrations and types of DCN and TBZ and their mixtures within 1 s with over 98% accuracy. This work develops a precise and rapid analysis method for simultaneous identification of multiple pesticides through combining a visualized fluorescence sensor and an ML algorithm.


Assuntos
Európio , Aprendizado de Máquina , Praguicidas , Praguicidas/análise , Európio/química , Tiabendazol/análise , Água Potável/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Análise de Componente Principal , Fluoretos/química , Fluoretos/análise
20.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(35): 15816-15826, 2024 Sep 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39166926

RESUMO

Recently, seven dihalohydroxybenzonitriles (diHHBNs) have been determined as concerning nitrogenous aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. Herein, eight new monohalohydroxybenzonitriles (monoHHBNs), including 3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, 5-iodo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, and 3-iodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, were detected and identified in drinking water for the first time. Thereafter, the relative concentration-cytotoxicity contribution of each HHBN was calculated based on the acquired occurrence level and cytotoxicity data in this study, the genome-scale cytotoxicity mechanism was explored, and a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed. Results indicated that new monoHHBNs were present in drinking water at concentrations of 0.04-1.83 ng/L and exhibited higher cytotoxicity than some other monohalogenated aromatic DBPs. Notably, monoHHBNs showed concentration-cytotoxicity contribution comparable to diHHBNs, which have been previously identified as potential toxicity drivers in drinking water. Transcriptomic analysis revealed immunotoxicity and genotoxicity as dominant cytotoxicity mechanisms for HHBNs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells, with potential carcinogenic effects. The QSAR model suggested oxidative stress and cellular uptake efficiency as important factors for their cytotoxicity, highlighting the importance of potential iodinated HHBNs in drinking water, such as 3,5-diiodo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, for future studies. These findings are meaningful for better understanding the health risk and toxicological significance of HHBNs in drinking water.


Assuntos
Desinfecção , Água Potável , Água Potável/química , Animais , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Cricetulus , Células CHO , Desinfetantes/toxicidade , Nitrilas/toxicidade , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-Atividade , Purificação da Água
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