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1.
Head Neck Pathol ; 18(1): 86, 2024 Sep 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39312022

RESUMO

PURPOSE: DEK::AFF2 fusion-associated squamous cell carcinoma (DEK::AFF2 SCC), also reported in the literature as low-grade papillary sinonasal (Schneiderian) carcinoma (LGPSC), is a rare, primarily bland-appearing, but locally aggressive neoplasm. Morphologically, these tumors can closely resemble sinonasal papilloma (SP), especially on small or limited biopsy, often leading to misdiagnosis. DEK::AFF2 SCC is devoid of the underlying mutually exclusive EGFR or KRAS driver mutations of SP, suggesting it may represent a distinct unique entity. METHODS: In this study, we conducted a retrospective search of "unusual" SP reported either as atypical, dysplastic, or suspicious for malignant transformation at our institution in the last 13 years (2010-2023), to identify potential cases of DEK::AFF2 SCC. RESULTS: Of the 201 SP cases during this time period, 30 "unusual" SP cases were identified. On morphologic review of these 30 cases, 6 were worrisome for DEK::AFF2 SCC and were selected for AFF2 immunohistochemical stain (IHC), of which 3 cases were positive. All 3 AFF2 IHC positive cases were also positive for DEK::AFF2 fusion by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), thereby, confirming IHC results. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that AFF2 IHC can be an invaluable surrogate marker to FISH in identifying DEK::AFF2 SCC in challenging cases to avoid misdiagnosis. Detailed clinical and pathologic data were collected to gain a better understanding of this emerging challenging entity. A literature review was performed to enrich our knowledge of DEK::AFF2 SCC.


Assuntos
Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona , Proteínas Oncogênicas , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Proteínas Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Idoso , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/patologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/genética , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética
2.
Signal Transduct Target Ther ; 9(1): 227, 2024 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39218995

RESUMO

Patients carrying mutations in polymerase epsilon/polymerase delta have shown positive responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Yet, prospective trials exploring the efficacy in those with polymerase epsilon/polymerase delta mutations are still lacking. A phase II clinical trial was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of toripalimab, a humanized IgG4K monoclonal antibody to human PD-1, in patients with advanced solid tumors with unselected polymerase epsilon/polymerase delta mutations but without microsatellite instability-high. A total of 15 patients were enrolled, 14 of whom were assessed for treatment efficacy. There was a 21.4% overall response rate, with a disease control rate of 57.1%. The median overall survival and median progression-free survival were 17.9 (95% CI 13.5-not reach) months and 2.5 (95% CI 1.4-not reach) months, respectively. For patients with exonuclease domain mutations, the objective response rate was 66.7% (2/3), with a disease control rate of 66.7% (2/3). For those with non-exonuclease domain mutations, the rates were 9.1% (1/11) and 54.5% (6/11), respectively. Notably, patients with PBRM1 gene mutations exhibited a high response rate to toripalimab at 75.0% (3/4). This study showed that neither the exonuclease domain mutations nor non-exonuclease domain mutations could fully predict the efficacy of immunotherapy, urging the need for more investigations to clarify potential immune sensitization differences within polymerase epsilon/polymerase delta mutation variants.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , DNA Polimerase II , Mutação , Neoplasias , Humanos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , DNA Polimerase II/genética , DNA Polimerase III/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
3.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 7847, 2024 Sep 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39245668

RESUMO

In eukaryotes, the leading strand DNA is synthesized by Polε and the lagging strand by Polδ. These replicative polymerases have higher processivity when paired with the DNA clamp PCNA. While the structure of the yeast Polε catalytic domain has been determined, how Polε interacts with PCNA is unknown in any eukaryote, human or yeast. Here we report two cryo-EM structures of human Polε-PCNA-DNA complex, one in an incoming nucleotide bound state and the other in a nucleotide exchange state. The structures reveal an unexpected three-point interface between the Polε catalytic domain and PCNA, with the conserved PIP (PCNA interacting peptide)-motif, the unique P-domain, and the thumb domain each interacting with a different protomer of the PCNA trimer. We propose that the multi-point interface prevents other PIP-containing factors from recruiting to PCNA while PCNA functions with Polε. Comparison of the two states reveals that the finger domain pivots around the [4Fe-4S] cluster-containing tip of the P-domain to regulate nucleotide exchange and incoming nucleotide binding.


Assuntos
Microscopia Crioeletrônica , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/química , Humanos , Holoenzimas/química , Holoenzimas/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , DNA Polimerase II/metabolismo , DNA Polimerase II/química , DNA Polimerase II/genética , DNA/metabolismo , DNA/química , Ligação Proteica , Domínio Catalítico , Replicação do DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose
4.
Life Sci Alliance ; 7(11)2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39209536

RESUMO

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a premature ageing condition characterized by microcephaly, growth failure, and neurodegeneration. It is caused by mutations in ERCC6 or ERCC8 encoding for Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) and A (CSA) proteins, respectively. CSA and CSB have well-characterized roles in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, responsible for removing bulky DNA lesions, including those caused by UV irradiation. Here, we report that CSA dysfunction causes defects in the nuclear envelope (NE) integrity. NE dysfunction is characteristic of progeroid disorders caused by a mutation in NE proteins, such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. However, it has never been reported in Cockayne syndrome. We observed CSA dysfunction affected LEMD2 incorporation at the NE and increased actin stress fibers that contributed to enhanced mechanical stress to the NE. Altogether, these led to NE abnormalities associated with the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway. Targeting the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex was sufficient to rescue these phenotypes. This work reveals NE dysfunction in a progeroid syndrome caused by mutations in a DNA damage repair protein, reinforcing the connection between NE deregulation and ageing.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Cockayne , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA , Reparo do DNA , Membrana Nuclear , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose , Membrana Nuclear/metabolismo , Humanos , Síndrome de Cockayne/genética , Síndrome de Cockayne/metabolismo , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/genética , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Dano ao DNA/genética , DNA Helicases/genética , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , Mutação , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Progéria/genética , Progéria/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Fatores de Transcrição
5.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 52(16): 9745-9759, 2024 Sep 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39106168

RESUMO

Cellular stress pathways that inhibit translation initiation lead to transient formation of cytoplasmic RNA/protein complexes known as stress granules. Many of the proteins found within stress granules and the dynamics of stress granule formation and dissolution are implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Whether stress granule formation is protective or harmful in neurodegenerative conditions is not known. To address this, we took advantage of the alphavirus protein nsP3, which selectively binds dimers of the central stress granule nucleator protein G3BP and markedly reduces stress granule formation without directly impacting the protein translational inhibitory pathways that trigger stress granule formation. In Drosophila and rodent neurons, reducing stress granule formation with nsP3 had modest impacts on lifespan even in the setting of serial stress pathway induction. In contrast, reducing stress granule formation in models of ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia largely exacerbated disease phenotypes. These data support a model whereby stress granules mitigate, rather than promote, neurodegenerative cascades.


Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica , Demência Frontotemporal , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Neurônios , Grânulos de Estresse , Animais , Grânulos de Estresse/metabolismo , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/genética , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/metabolismo , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/genética , Humanos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Demência Frontotemporal/metabolismo , Demência Frontotemporal/genética , Proteínas com Motivo de Reconhecimento de RNA/metabolismo , Proteínas com Motivo de Reconhecimento de RNA/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Camundongos , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , RNA Helicases/metabolismo , RNA Helicases/genética , Ataxia/genética , Ataxia/metabolismo , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , DNA Helicases/genética , Alphavirus/genética , Alphavirus/metabolismo , Ratos , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Drosophila/metabolismo , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA
6.
Cell Rep ; 43(8): 114617, 2024 Aug 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39120973

RESUMO

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) mediated by G3BP1/2 proteins and non-translating mRNAs mediates stress granule (SG) assembly. We investigated the phylogenetic evolution of G3BP orthologs from unicellular yeast to mammals and identified both conserved and divergent features. The modular domain organization of G3BP orthologs is generally conserved. However, invertebrate orthologs displayed reduced capacity for SG assembly in human cells compared to vertebrate orthologs. We demonstrated that the protein-interaction network facilitated by the NTF2L domain is a crucial determinant of this specificity. The evolution of the G3BP1 network coincided with its exploitation by certain viruses, as evident from the interaction between viral proteins and G3BP orthologs in insects and vertebrates. We revealed the importance and divergence of the G3BP interaction network in human SG formation. Leveraging this network, we established a 7-component in vitro SG reconstitution system for quantitative studies. These findings highlight the significance of G3BP network divergence in the evolution of biological processes.


Assuntos
DNA Helicases , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas , RNA Helicases , Proteínas com Motivo de Reconhecimento de RNA , Grânulos de Estresse , Humanos , Proteínas com Motivo de Reconhecimento de RNA/metabolismo , Proteínas com Motivo de Reconhecimento de RNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , RNA Helicases/metabolismo , RNA Helicases/genética , Grânulos de Estresse/metabolismo , Animais , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , DNA Helicases/genética , Filogenia , Células HeLa , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal
7.
Virol J ; 21(1): 186, 2024 Aug 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39135075

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The global outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has led to millions of deaths. This unanticipated emergency has prompted virologists across the globe to delve deeper into the intricate dynamicity of the host-virus interface with an aim to identify antiviral targets and elucidate host and viral determinants of severe disease. AIM: The present study was undertaken to analyse the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in regulating SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: Gradual increase in HDAC6 expression was observed in different SARS-CoV-2-permissive cell lines following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein) was identified as the primary viral factor responsible for upregulating HDAC6 expression. Downregulation of HDAC6 using shRNA or a specific inhibitor tubacin resulted in reduced viral replication suggesting proviral role of its deacetylase activity. Further investigations uncovered the interaction of HDAC6 with stress granule protein G3BP1 and N protein during infection. HDAC6-mediated deacetylation of SARS-CoV-2 N protein was found to be crucial for its association with G3BP1. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the disruption of cytoplasmic stress granules during SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlights the significance of HDAC6 in the process.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus , Desacetilase 6 de Histona , SARS-CoV-2 , Replicação Viral , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/metabolismo , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/genética , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus/metabolismo , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus/genética , COVID-19/virologia , COVID-19/metabolismo , Proteínas com Motivo de Reconhecimento de RNA/metabolismo , Acetilação , Linhagem Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Células Vero , Animais , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose , DNA Helicases , RNA Helicases
8.
Int J Gynecol Pathol ; 43(5): 515-526, 2024 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39164940

RESUMO

Among the 4 molecular subgroups of endometrial carcinoma, the p53 abnormal (copy number high) subgroup has the worst prognosis; however, the histologic characteristics of this subgroup are not well established. Also, it is not well established whether low-grade tumors can belong to the p53 abnormal molecular subgroup and if so, what is the prognostic significance of the p53-mutated molecular subgroup in low-grade tumors. In the current study, we included 146 p53-mutated endometrial carcinomas and performed molecular subgrouping either based on a combination of immunohistochemical studies for p53 and MMR protein expression and POLE mutation testing (81 cases) or based on array-based and sequencing-based technologies (65 cases). We excluded cases that belonged to the POLE mutant or MSI molecular subgroups and only studied p53 abnormal (molecular subgroup) endometrial carcinomas (125 cases). In 71 cases, the molecular subgroup was determined by a combination of immunohistochemical studies and POLE mutation testing, and in 54 cases by array-based and sequencing-based methods. We reviewed 1 to 2 representative digital slides from each case and recorded the morphologic characteristics as well as clinical, treatment, and survival follow-up data. Overall, 47 cases were classified as endometrioid carcinoma, 55 serous carcinoma, and 23 other histotypes. Eight cases were FIGO 1, 21 were FIGO 2, and 91 were FIGO 3. A significant proportion of the cases (24.2%) were histologically classified as low-grade (FIGO 1 or 2) endometrioid carcinoma. There was no morphologic characteristic that showed prognostic implication. There was no significant difference in survival among different histotypes (P=0.60). There was no significant difference in survival among low-grade endometrioid (FIGO 1 or 2) versus high-grade (FIGO 3) tumors (P=0.98). Early-stage (stage I), low-grade tumors showed no significant survival advantage over early-stage, high-grade tumors (P=0.16) and this was more evident in FIGO 2 tumors. Although not statistically significant, the FIGO 2 tumors showed a trend toward worse survival than FIGO 3 tumors. Among the cases with available treatment data, more patients with early-stage high-grade tumors received adjuvant treatment, compared to patients with early-stage low-grade tumors, possibly explaining this trend (P=0.03). In conclusion, the findings of our study suggest that low-grade p53 abnormal endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (especially FIGO 2 tumors) have an aggressive course, with a prognosis similar to high-grade tumors. Furthermore, our study suggests that patients who had early-stage low-grade p53 abnormal disease might have been undertreated because of the "low-grade" histotype.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Endometrioide , Neoplasias do Endométrio , Imuno-Histoquímica , Mutação , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/genética , Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Endométrio/mortalidade , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patologia , Carcinoma Endometrioide/genética , Carcinoma Endometrioide/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Endometrioide/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/patologia , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/genética , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/diagnóstico , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/mortalidade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto , DNA Polimerase II/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética
9.
Gynecol Oncol ; 189: 138-145, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39126895

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The treatment for stage IB grade 3 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma is challenging with variable practice. Molecular characterization may help identify adjuvant therapy strategies beyond stage. We aimed to better understand the molecular features of these tumors by characterizing them by ProMisE classification, mutational signature, and commonly mutated genes. METHODS: Patients with stage IB grade 3 EEC at two institutions were included. Immunohistochemistry and whole exome sequencing were performed on archival FFPE tissue sections to determine ProMisE classification. Personal Cancer Genome Reporter was used for somatic variant annotation, and mutational signatures were generated based on COSMIC single base substitution mutational signatures. RESULTS: 46 patients were included with variable adjuvant treatment. Nine patients recurred (19.6%), most with extra-abdominal disease (n = 5, or 55.6%). 10 had POLE mutations (21.7%), 18 were MMR deficient (39.1%), 6 had abnormal p53 (13.0%), and 12 were p53 wildtype (26.1%). There were no recurrences in the POLE subgroup. A dominant mutational signature was identified in 38 patients: 17 SBS5 signature (44.7%), 10 SBS15 or SBS44 signature (26.3%), 7 SBS10a or SBS10b signature (18.4%), 3 SBS14 signature (7.9%), and 1 SBS40 signature (2.6%). The six patients that recurred had a SBS5 signature. Frequently mutated genes included ARID1A (n = 30, 65%), PTEN (n = 28, 61%), MUC16 (n = 27, 59%), and PIK3CA (n = 25, 54%). CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive evaluation found a molecularly diverse cohort of tumors, despite the same histology, stage and grade. Mutational signature SBS5 correlated with a high risk of recurrence. Further refining of endometrial cancer classification may enable more precise patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Endometrioide , Neoplasias do Endométrio , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias do Endométrio/genética , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Endometrioide/genética , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patologia , Idoso , Mutação , Adulto , Sequenciamento do Exoma , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , DNA Polimerase II/genética , Classe I de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética
10.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1438198, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39136009

RESUMO

Background: Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is a prevalent gynecological malignancy associated with high recurrence rates and mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages. Despite advances in immunotherapy, immune exhaustion remains a significant challenge in achieving optimal tumor control. However, the exploration of intratumoral heterogeneity of malignant epithelial cells and the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment is still limited, hindering our comprehensive understanding of the disease. Materials and methods: Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we comprehensively investigated the cellular composition across six ovarian cancer patients with omental metastasis. Our focus centered on analysis of the malignant epithelial cells. Employing CytoTRACE and slingshot pseudotime analyses, we identified critical subpopulations and explored associated transcription factors (TFs) influencing ovarian cancer progression. Furthermore, by integrating clinical factors from a large cohort of bulk RNA sequencing data, we have established a novel prognostic model to investigate the impact of the tumor immune microenvironment on ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, we have investigated the condition of immunological exhaustion. Results: Our study identified a distinct and highly proliferative subgroup of malignant epithelial cells, known as C2 TOP2A+ TCs. This subgroup primarily consisted of patients who hadn't received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ovarian cancer patients with elevated TOP2A expression exhibited heightened sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Moreover, the transcription factor MYBL2 in this subgroup played a critical role in ovarian cancer development. Additionally, we developed an independent prognostic indicator, the TOP2A TCs Risk Score (TTRS), which revealed a correlation between the High TTRS Group and unfavorable outcomes. Furthermore, immune infiltration and drug sensitivity analyses demonstrated increased responsiveness to Paclitaxel, Cisplatin, and Gemcitabine in the Low TTRS Group. Conclusion: This research deepens our understanding of malignant epithelial cells in ovarian cancer and enhances our knowledge of the ovarian cancer immune microenvironment and immune exhaustion. We have revealed the heightened susceptibility of the C2 TOP2A+ TCs subgroup to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and emphasized the role of MYBL2 within the C2 subgroup in promoting the occurrence and progression of ovarian cancer. These insights provide valuable guidance for the management of ovarian cancer treatment.


Assuntos
Progressão da Doença , Células Epiteliais , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Análise de Célula Única , Microambiente Tumoral , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Transativadores/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Prognóstico , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , RNA-Seq , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II
11.
Pathologie (Heidelb) ; 45(5): 347-354, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39141093

RESUMO

The molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma defines four main groups: polymerase­É›(PolE) gene mutated, microsatellite unstable (MSI), p53 abnormal tumors and tumors with no specific molecular profile (NSMP). This classification provides significant insights into the prognosis and therapeutic decisions. Each group exhibits unique genetic profiles identified through immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics, enabling personalized treatment. The identification of these molecular signatures necessitates precise analytical methods, selected based on the local circumstances at each site. The approach to molecular classification highlights the critical role of pathology in the diagnosis and emphasizes the necessity of collaboration between the clinic and pathology.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Endométrio , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Humanos , Neoplasias do Endométrio/genética , Neoplasias do Endométrio/classificação , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico , Feminino , Mutação , Imuno-Histoquímica , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , DNA Polimerase II/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética
12.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B ; 25(8): 686-699, 2024 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês, Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39155781

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The present study used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the cellular composition of ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) and identify its molecular characteristics. METHODS: scRNA-seq was performed in resected primary OCS for an in-depth analysis of tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry staining was used for validation. The scRNA-seq data of OCS were compared with those of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) tumors and other OCS tumors. RESULTS: Both malignant epithelial and malignant mesenchymal cells were observed in the OCS patient of this study. We identified four epithelial cell subclusters with different biological roles. Among them, epithelial subcluster 4 presented high levels of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein homolog (BRCA1) and DNA topoisomerase 2-α (TOP2A) expression and was related to drug resistance and cell cycle. We analyzed the interaction between epithelial and mesenchymal cells and found that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and pleiotrophin (PTN) signalings were the main pathways contributing to communication between these cells. Moreover, we compared the malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells of this OCS tumor with our previous published HGSOC scRNA-seq data and OCS data. All the epithelial subclusters in the OCS tumor could be found in the HGSOC samples. Notably, the mesenchymal subcluster C14 exhibited specific expression patterns in the OCS tumor, characterized by elevated expression of cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1), collagen type XXIII α1 chain (COL23A1), cholecystokinin (CCK), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), PTN, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). Moreover, this subcluster showed distinct characteristics when compared with both another previously published OCS tumor and normal ovarian tissue. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the single-cell transcriptomics signature of human OCS, which constitutes a new resource for elucidating OCS diversity.


Assuntos
Carcinossarcoma , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Análise de Célula Única , Transcriptoma , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Carcinossarcoma/genética , Carcinossarcoma/metabolismo , Carcinossarcoma/patologia , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/genética , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA1/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/genética , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/patologia , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose
13.
Int J Biol Sci ; 20(10): 3923-3941, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39113695

RESUMO

About 20% of breast cancer patients are positive for HER2. The efficacy of current treatments is limited by primary and secondary resistance to trastuzumab. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) have shown crucial regulatory roles in various cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the role of tRF-27 in regulating the resistance of HER2-positive breast cancer against trastuzumab. tRF-27 was highly expressed in trastuzumab-resistant cells, and its expression level could predict the resistance to trastuzumab. High expression of tRF-27 promoted the growth and proliferation of trastuzumab-exposed cells. RNA-pulldown assay and mass spectrometry were performed to identify Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding proteins 1 and 2 (G3BPs) (two proteins targeted by tRF-27); RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP) to confirm their bindings; co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and RNA-pulldown assay to determine the binding domains between G3BPs and tRF-27.tRF-27 bound to the nuclear transport factor 2 like domain(NTF2 domain) of G3BPs through a specific sequence. tRF-27 relied on G3BPs and NTF2 domain to increase trastuzumab tolerance. tRF-27 competed with lysosomal associated membrane protein 1(LAMP1) for NTF2 domain, thereby inhibiting lysosomal localization of G3BPs and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Overexpression of tRF-27 inhibited phosphorylation of TSCs and promoted the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(MTORC1) to enhance cell proliferation and entice the resistance of HER2-positive breast cancer against trastuzumab.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina , Trastuzumab , Humanos , Trastuzumab/farmacologia , Trastuzumab/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/metabolismo , RNA de Transferência/metabolismo , Camundongos , RNA Helicases/metabolismo , Camundongos Nus , Proteínas com Motivo de Reconhecimento de RNA/metabolismo
14.
Cell Mol Life Sci ; 81(1): 368, 2024 Aug 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39179905

RESUMO

Cockayne Syndrome B (CSB) is a hereditary multiorgan syndrome which-through largely unknown mechanisms-can affect the brain where it clinically presents with microcephaly, intellectual disability and demyelination. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural 3D models generated from CSB patient-derived and isogenic control lines, we here provide explanations for these three major neuropathological phenotypes. In our models, CSB deficiency is associated with (i) impaired cellular migration due to defective autophagy as an explanation for clinical microcephaly; (ii) altered neuronal network functionality and neurotransmitter GABA levels, which is suggestive of a disturbed GABA switch that likely impairs brain circuit formation and ultimately causes intellectual disability; and (iii) impaired oligodendrocyte maturation as a possible cause of the demyelination observed in children with CSB. Of note, the impaired migration and oligodendrocyte maturation could both be partially rescued by pharmacological HDAC inhibition.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Cockayne , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Oligodendroglia , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/patologia , Síndrome de Cockayne/genética , Síndrome de Cockayne/metabolismo , Síndrome de Cockayne/patologia , Oligodendroglia/metabolismo , Oligodendroglia/citologia , Movimento Celular , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/metabolismo , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/genética , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Autofagia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , DNA Helicases/genética , Microcefalia/patologia , Microcefalia/metabolismo , Microcefalia/genética , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular
15.
DNA Repair (Amst) ; 141: 103726, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096697

RESUMO

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease and a peculiar eukaryote with unique biological characteristics. DNA damage can block RNA polymerase, activating transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), a DNA repair pathway specialized in lesions that compromise transcription. If transcriptional stress is unresolved, arrested RNA polymerase can activate programmed cell death. Nonetheless, how this parasite modulates these processes is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that T. cruzi cell death after UV irradiation, a genotoxic agent that generates lesions resolved by TC-NER, depends on active transcription and is signaled mainly by an apoptotic-like pathway. Pre-treated parasites with α-amanitin, a selective RNA polymerase II inhibitor, become resistant to such cell death. Similarly, the gamma pre-irradiated cells are more resistant to UV when the transcription processes are absent. The Cockayne Syndrome B protein (CSB) recognizes blocked RNA polymerase and can initiate TC-NER. Curiously, CSB overexpression increases parasites' cell death shortly after UV exposure. On the other hand, at the same time after irradiation, the single-knockout CSB cells show resistance to the same treatment. UV-induced fast death is signalized by the exposition of phosphatidylserine to the outer layer of the membrane, indicating a cell death mainly by an apoptotic-like pathway. Furthermore, such death is suppressed in WT parasites pre-treated with inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR), a key DDR kinase. Signaling for UV radiation death may be related to R-loops since the overexpression of genes associated with the resolution of these structures suppress it. Together, results suggest that transcription blockage triggered by UV radiation activates an ATR-dependent apoptosis-like mechanism in T. cruzi, with the participation of CSB protein in this process.


Assuntos
Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia , Dano ao DNA , Reparo do DNA , Estruturas R-Loop , Transcrição Gênica , Trypanosoma cruzi , Raios Ultravioleta , Trypanosoma cruzi/metabolismo , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/metabolismo , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , DNA Helicases/genética , Morte Celular , Apoptose , Humanos
16.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1402334, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39007151

RESUMO

Genetic sequencing has revolutionized immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent clinical trials have revealed a positive response to immunotherapy-based systemic therapies in CRC patient subgroups with microsatellite instability (MSI)-High or DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutation. However, the unsatisfactory response rates was the major limitation in real-world practice of the precision immunotherapy in CRC. Adding photodynamic therapy (PDT) to systemic immunotherapy has showed synergetic anti-tumor effect by modulating tumor microenvironment, while the eligible patient's subgroups which would benefit from this combination remained equivocal. Here we reported a synchronous colorectal cancer patient with MSI-High and POLE mutation who had accelerated response in less than 2 cycles (42 days) of immunotherapy-based systemic therapies after tumor-directed PDT and has remained progression-free by far. This case enlightened the synergetic effect of PDT in immunotherapy-treated CRC patients, with the MSI and POLE-mutation status as predictors of survival benefits.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , DNA Polimerase II , Imunoterapia , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Mutação , Fotoquimioterapia , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , DNA Polimerase II/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Imunoterapia/métodos , Terapia Combinada , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/terapia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino
17.
J Int Med Res ; 52(7): 3000605241258171, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39053449

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Apart from the role of the retinoblastoma gene, the genomic events associated with poor outcomes in patients with ophthalmic tumors are poorly understood. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 48 patients with six types of ophthalmic tumors. We searched for high-frequency mutated genes and susceptibility genes in these patients using combined exome and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS: We identified four clearly causative genes (TP53, PTCH1, SMO, BAP1). Susceptibility gene analysis identified hotspot genes, including RUNX1, APC, IDH2, and BRCA2, and high-frequency gene analysis identified several genes, including TP53, TTN, and MUC16. Transcriptome analysis identified 5868 differentially expressed genes, of which TOP2A and ZWINT were upregulated in all samples, while CFD, ELANE, HBA1, and HBB were downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and Transcriptional misregulation in cancer signaling pathways may be involved in ophthalmic tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS: TP53 is clearly involved in ophthalmic tumorigenesis, especially in basal cell carcinoma, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be an essential pathway involved in ophthalmic tumorigenesis. RUNX1, SMO, TOP2A, and ZWINT are also highly likely to be involved in ophthalmic tumorigenesis, but further functional experiments are needed to verify the mechanisms of these genes in regulating tumorigenesis.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Oculares , Genômica , Mutação , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Genômica/métodos , Neoplasias Oculares/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Receptor Patched-1/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Receptor Smoothened/genética , Receptor Smoothened/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Idoso , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Adulto , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase , Subunidade alfa 2 de Fator de Ligação ao Core
18.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 5727, 2024 Jul 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38977669

RESUMO

DNA replication and transcription generate DNA supercoiling, which can cause topological stress and intertwining of daughter chromatin fibers, posing challenges to the completion of DNA replication and chromosome segregation. Type II topoisomerases (Top2s) are enzymes that relieve DNA supercoiling and decatenate braided sister chromatids. How Top2 complexes deal with the topological challenges in different chromatin contexts, and whether all chromosomal contexts are subjected equally to torsional stress and require Top2 activity is unknown. Here we show that catalytic inhibition of the Top2 complex in interphase has a profound effect on the stability of heterochromatin and repetitive DNA elements. Mechanistically, we find that catalytically inactive Top2 is trapped around heterochromatin leading to DNA breaks and unresolved catenates, which necessitate the recruitment of the structure specific endonuclease, Ercc1-XPF, in an SLX4- and SUMO-dependent manner. Our data are consistent with a model in which Top2 complex resolves not only catenates between sister chromatids but also inter-chromosomal catenates between clustered repetitive elements.


Assuntos
DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II , Heterocromatina , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/metabolismo , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/genética , Heterocromatina/metabolismo , Animais , Inibidores da Topoisomerase II/farmacologia , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/genética , Replicação do DNA , DNA Super-Helicoidal/metabolismo , DNA Super-Helicoidal/química , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , DNA/metabolismo , DNA/química , Interfase
19.
Int J Biol Sci ; 20(9): 3393-3411, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38993566

RESUMO

Chronic prostatitis is one of the most common urologic diseases that troubles young men, with unclear etiology and ineffective treatment approach. Pyroptosis is a novel model of cell death, and its roles in chronic prostatitis are unknown. In this study, P2X7R, NEK7, and GSDMD-NT expression levels were detected in prostate tissues from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients and experiment autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mice. P2X7R agonist, antagonist, NLRP3 inhibitor, and disulfiram were used to explore the roles of the P2X7R-NEK7-NLRP3 axis in prostate epithelial cell pyroptosis and chronic prostatitis development. We found that P2X7R, NEK7, and GSDMD-NT were highly expressed in the prostate epithelial cells of BPH patients with prostatic inflammation and EAP mice. Activation of P2X7R exacerbated prostatic inflammation and increased NLRP3 inflammasome component expressions and T helper 17 (Th17) cell proportion. Moreover, P2X7R-mediated potassium efflux promoted NEK7-NLRP3 interaction, and NLRP3 assembly and activation, which caused GSDMD-NT-mediated prostate epithelial cell pyroptosis to exacerbate EAP development. Disulfiram could effectively improve EAP by inhibiting GSDMD-NT-mediated prostate epithelial cell pyroptosis. In conclusion, the P2X7R-NEK7-NLRP3 axis could promote GSDMD-NT-mediated prostate epithelial cell pyroptosis and chronic prostatitis development, and disulfiram may be an effective drug to treat chronic prostatitis.


Assuntos
Células Epiteliais , Quinases Relacionadas a NIMA , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Proteínas de Ligação a Fosfato , Próstata , Prostatite , Piroptose , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Doenças Autoimunes/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Gasderminas , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Quinases Relacionadas a NIMA/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Fosfato/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/metabolismo , Próstata/metabolismo , Prostatite/metabolismo , Piroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/metabolismo
20.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 52(16): 9788-9802, 2024 Sep 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39077950

RESUMO

The ability to catalyze reversible DNA cleavage and religation is central to topoisomerases' role in regulating DNA topology. In type IIA topoisomerases (Top2), the formation of its DNA cleavage-religation center is driven by DNA-binding-induced structural rearrangements. These changes optimally position key catalytic modules, such as the active site tyrosine of the WHD domain and metal ion(s) chelated by the TOPRIM domain, around the scissile phosphodiester bond to perform reversible transesterification. To understand this assembly process in detail, we report the catalytic core structures of human Top2α and Top2ß in an on-pathway conformational state. This state features an in trans formation of an interface between the Tower and opposing TOPRIM domain, revealing a groove for accommodating incoming G-segment DNA. Structural superimposition further unveils how subsequent DNA-binding-induced disengagement of the TOPRIM and Tower domains allows a firm grasp of the bound DNA for cleavage/religation. Notably, we identified a previously undocumented protein-DNA interaction, formed between an arginine-capped C-terminus of an α-helix in the TOPRIM domain and the DNA backbone, significantly contributing to Top2 function. This work uncovers a previously unrecognized role of the Tower domain, highlighting its involvement in anchoring and releasing the TOPRIM domain, thus priming Top2 for DNA binding and cleavage.


Assuntos
Clivagem do DNA , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/metabolismo , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/química , Humanos , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/química , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose/metabolismo , DNA/química , DNA/metabolismo , Domínio Catalítico , Modelos Moleculares , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/química , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Cristalografia por Raios X
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