Trends, and patterns, of premarital sexual intercourse and its associated factors among never-married young women aged 15-24 in Sierra Leone.

BACKGROUND: Premarital sexual intercourse has essential implications for the sexual and reproductive health and rights of young women. These include increased sexual pleasure and satisfaction as well as exposure to the risks of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. This study examined the trends, patterns, and associations of premarital sexual intercourse among young women aged 15-24 in Sierra Leone. METHODS: Nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2008, 2013, and 2019 Demographic and Health Surveys in Sierra Leone were used for the study. A weighted sample of 9,675 never-married young women was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of premarital sexual intercourse in Sierra Leone. Percentages were used to present the results of the trends and patterns of premarital sexual intercourse. We employed a multilevel binary logistic regression modelling technique to examine the associations of premarital sexual intercourse. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratio with their respective 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of premarital sexual intercourse among the young women in Sierra Leone was 62.9%. Over the survey years, premarital sexual intercourse increased from 59.8% in 2008 to 65.1% in 2013. However, it declined by 3.5% to 61.6% in 2019. Young women aged 20-24 (aOR = 12.47, 95% CI = 10.54-14.76) had higher odds of engaging in premarital sexual intercourse than those aged 15-19. Young women with higher educational levels (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.17-2.99), those who were working (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.44-1.78), those who listened to the radio (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.29-1.60), and those who lived in the Northwestern (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.68-2.84), Eastern (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.23-1.760, Northern (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.25 -, 1.76), and Southern (aOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.36-1.94) regions were more likely to engage in premarital sexual intercourse compared to those with no formal education, those not working, those who did not listen to the radio, and those who lived in the Western region, respectively. Young women in the richest wealth category (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.49-0.78), and residing in rural areas (aOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72-0.98) had lower odds of engaging in premarital sexual intercourse relative to those from the poorest wealth quintile and those living in urban areas. CONCLUSION: Our study found a high prevalence of premarital sexual intercourse among young women in Sierra Leone. Premarital sexual intercourse was associated with age, educational level, wealth, employment, and region. This necessitates providing them with comprehensive information regarding sexual and reproductive health behaviours, specifically emphasising the benefits and adverse consequences of engaging in sexual experimentation. Additionally, it is crucial to promote the adoption of abstinence, injections, implants, and condom usage through consistent advocacy for youth-risk communication.

[Behavioral treatment of functional anejaculation and factors influencing the therapeutic effect].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of a modified behavioral treatment (MBT) on functional anejaculation and analyze the factors influencing the therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: We enrolled in this study 59 men aged 24－45 years visiting the Andrology Clinic of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from August 2019 to May 2021 and complaining of aejaculation in sexual intercourse but normally ejaculating during masturbation. Thirty-nine of the patients underwent conventional behavioral treatment (the CBT group) and the other 20 received MBT, namely, changing the masturbation method combined with audiovisual stimulation during sexual intercourse (the MBT group). We compared the therapeutic effects between the two groups of patients, and analyzed the correlation of the outcomes of MBT with age, abstinence duration, use of audiovisual stimulation, change of the sexual position, mean bilateral testis volume and sex hormone levels. RESULTS: After treatment, 22 (37.29%) of the patients achieved successful ejaculation at least once in sexual intercourse, 11 (55.00%) in the MBT group, and the other 11 (28.21) in the CBT group, with a significantly higher effectiveness rate in the former than in the latter (P<0.05). The effectiveness rate was significantly correlated to the method of standing-position masturbation plus sexual intercourse and reduction in the frequency of masturbation among various strategies of behavioral treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: MBT has a certain effect on functional anejaculation, and targeting the previous events of the patient is the key to the therapeutic efficacy. Further exploration of more effective strategies of behavioral treatment will become the trend of development in the management of functional anejaculation.

Genital and Subjective Sexual Arousal in Androphilic Women and Gynephilic Men in Response to the Copulatory Movements of Different Animal Species.

Research has repeatedly shown marked differences in men's and women's sexual response patterns; genital response in men tends to be elicited by cues that correspond to their sexual preference (preferred gender), while women's genital response is less sensitive to gender cues and more sensitive to the presence and intensity of other sexual cues (e.g., sexual activities). We tested whether the cue of copulatory movement in a general sexual context elicited a genital response in androphilic women but not in gynephilic men. If so, women should react to stimuli depicting not only the non-preferred gender but also other animal species differing in phylogenetic distance to humans. We studied the genital and self-reported arousal of 30 gynephilic men and 28 androphilic women to two sexual videos depicting penetrative human sexual intercourse (female-male and female-female) and nine videos depicting animal copulation. Neither women nor men showed genital or subjective sexual arousal to non-human sexual stimuli. Moreover, both sexes demonstrated a highly cue-specific pattern of arousal. Our results suggest that copulatory movement displayed in non-human species is not a sexual cue that can elicit genital or subjective sexual arousal in humans.

Painful sexual intercourse, quality of life and sexual function in patients with endometriosis: not just deep dyspareunia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of deep and superficial dyspareunia in women with diagnosis of endometriosis. Secondly, to assess the temporal relation between deep and superficial dyspareunia in women reporting both symptoms (concomitant dyspareunia) and the impact on quality of life (QoL) and sexual function. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional cohort study that included fertile women with diagnosis of endometriosis. Enrolled subjects reported pain symptoms including dyspareunia and its temporal onset and completed two one-time validated questionnaires regarding sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index) and QoL (International QoL Assessment SF-36). RESULTS: Among the 334 enrolled patients, 75.7% (95%) reported dyspareunia. Women were divided into four groups according to the presence and type of dyspareunia: isolated superficial dyspareunia (6.3%), isolated deep dyspareunia (26.0%), concomitant dyspareunia (43.4%) and no dyspareunia (24.3%). Women with concomitant dyspareunia reported higher NRS scores than women with isolated dyspareunia or no dyspareunia (P ≤ 0.001). The majority of women with concomitant dyspareunia (56.6%) reported that deep dyspareunia developed before superficial dyspareunia. Women with concomitant dyspareunia reported worse QoL and worse sexual function than women with isolated dyspareunia or without dyspareunia (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dyspareunia is a common symptom in women with endometriosis, with many reporting concomitant deep and superficial dyspareunia. Concomitant dyspareunia can significantly impact sexual function and quality of life (QoL). Therefore, it is crucial to investigate dyspareunia thoroughly and differentiate between its types to tailor effective therapeutic strategies.

The impact of pregnancy on sexual functioning in Polish women.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual life of pregnant women alters during pregnancy due to the physiologic,' anatomic and hormonal changes in her body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate female sexual functioning after becoming pregnant. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective survey study including 148 pregnant women. An anonymous questionnaire including 60 inquiries concerning intimate relationship before and during pregnancy was performed. The following statistical test were used: Chi-square test of independence, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon test. The significance level of p = 0.05 was assumed. RESULTS: Most of the respondents were between 31 and 40 years old (55%). Majority of them were married (86%). During pregnancy, slightly more than half of women had a moderate need for sexual intercourse (51%), a large percentage of them had a low need (32%), a high need for intercourse was declared by 17% of women. The correlation analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between women's education and the need for sex before pregnancy (p = 0.049). Respondents with higher degrees of education more often felt the need for intercourse before pregnancy. No correlation was found between education and the need for intercourse after pregnancy (p = 0.107). After becoming pregnant, 51% of women had less need for intercourse, 7% more, and 42% the same as before pregnancy, and these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Also, a decreased satisfaction with sexual intercourse was reported during pregnancy (p < 0.001). After getting pregnant, the average number of intercourses decreased in majority (71%) of respondents, and differences in the number of intercourses before and during pregnancy were statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Pregnancy has significant impact on woman's sexuality. After becoming pregnant majority of women declare less need for sexual intercourses, decreased number of intercourses with less satisfaction.

Use of contraception during first sexual intercourse among Norwegian adolescents: a national cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Most Norwegian adolescents experience their first sexual intercourse during late adolescence. Use of contraception is important to avoid unwanted pregnancy, while condoms can also protect against sexually transmitted diseases. There are few studies on the use of contraception at first sexual intercourse, most with varying results, and some studies have only examined the use of contraception among girls. In our study, we aimed to determine the use of contraception at first sexual intercourse, and to investigate associations between use of contraceptives at first sexual intercourse, sociodemographic factors, and alcohol and other substance use. METHODS: The study was based on data from the national electronic youth survey Ungdata, conducted in 2020-2022 among 113 049 upper secondary pupils (15-19 years) in Norway, which was around 65% of pupils attending upper secondary school during the study period. Descriptive analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive use at first sexual intercourse, and multivariate logistic regression analyses to investigate the association between contraceptive use, sociodemographic factors, and alcohol intoxication and substance use. RESULT: 32% of Norwegian adolescents did not use contraception at first sexual intercourse. More girls (57.4%) than boys (42.6%) reported use of contraception. Factors associated with non-use of contraception during first sexual intercourse among boys were having parents with no college /university education (OR = 1.22: CI 1.13-1.32), perceived poor family finances (OR = 1.22: CI 1.06-1.40), alcohol intoxication, and use of cannabis or other narcotic substances during the past 12 months. The same factors were associated with non-use of contraception among girls. Additionally, being older than 16 years (OR = 1.13: CI 1.06-1.19) was also associated with non-use of contraception at first sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: Many adolescents did not use contraception at first sexual intercourse. Alcohol intoxication and use of cannabis or other narcotic substances were associated with a lower likelihood of using contraceptives. This highlights the importance of preventive efforts including earlier prevention education that focuses more on the consequences of not using contraception in order to prevent unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.

Does timing of sexual debut following menarche among female youth in Uganda matter? A discrete time analysis.

BACKGROUND: The burden of early sexual engagement among youth is enormous. It directly raises the risk of sexually transmitted infections(STIs) and indirectly contributes to unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, premature childbirth, and psychosocial issues. The aim of this paper was to estimate the timing of sexual debut and examine the factors influencing the timing of first sexual intercourse following menarche among female youth aged between 15 and 24 in Uganda. METHOD: Self-reported data were extracted from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS), with a sub-sample of 7964 female youth from the individual woman file. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, decrement life-table analysis, and the discrete-time logit model were used to examine the timing of sexual debut and associated factors. RESULTS: 67.4% of the female youth had experienced first sexual initiation. Overall, the meantime to sexual debut was 4.4 years and the median time was 4.3 years, and all the female youth had experienced first sexual initiation by the end of the twelfth year following menarche. Significant factors found to influence the timing of sexual initiation include having higher education level (OR = 0.724: 95% CI = 0.59-0.89; p = 0.003), residing in the Northern region (OR = 0.877:95% CI = 0.79-0.97, p = 0.012), being employed (OR = 1.085: 95% CI = 1.01-1.16; p = 0.021), and being literate (OR = 1.155; 95% CI = 1.07-1.25; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings are expected to be central in the bid to delay first sexual intercourse. Also they shed light on some of the factors associated with the timing of sexual debut which may be addressed at community level for non-school going youth and in schools, as school based prevention sexual and reproductive health programs. The findings highlight the need for future studies to collect more data to explore further the linkage between time to first debut since menarche and, mass media, religion, type of residence, and wealth index.

Acceptability of an on-demand pericoital oral contraceptive pill: a systematic scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Access to an on-demand pericoital oral contraceptive pill - used to prevent pregnancy within a defined window around sexual intercourse - could offer women more reproductive agency. A contraceptive with this indication is not currently available in any market. This review aims to understand international user appeal for an on-demand pericoital oral contraceptive pill. METHODS: Systematic scoping review, comprising 30 peer-reviewed papers published between 2014-2023. RESULTS: Data from 30 papers reporting on research from 16 countries across five World Health Organisation regions suggests widespread user appeal for on-demand oral contraceptive pills that can be used peri- or post-coitally, especially among women who are younger, more educated or who have less frequent sex. Women of varying age, wealth, employment or relationship status, and with different prior experience of using modern contraceptives, were also interested. Women identified clear rationale for use and preference of these types of product: close alignment with women's sexual lives that comprised unplanned, spontaneous or occasional sex; perceived convenience and effectiveness; discreet use of pills to negotiate contextual circumstances that constrained their reproductive agency. Factors inhibiting use included knowledge barriers and attitudes of service providers, a lack of knowledge and misinformation among end-users, women's dislike of menstrual side effects and myths related to the effects of hormone content on future fertility. CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of an on-demand pericoital oral contraceptive pill could expand contraceptive choice for diverse women experiencing unmet need for modern contraception and constrained sexual and reproductive agency. Priorities for future research include: broadening the geographical scope of evidence to include SE Asia and the Pacific, and international rural and peri-urban settings; documenting the perspectives of adolescents and unmarried young people; identifying opportunities for innovation in the supply channels to enhance appropriate, affordable access to on-demand oral contraceptives; and unpacking how to bring new pericoital contraceptives to the market in a variety of international settings.

Access to an oral contraceptive pill that is used as needed to prevent pregnancy and taken within a defined window around sexual intercourse (i.e. an on-demand pericoital oral contraceptive pill) could offer women more reproductive agency. Though not currently available in any market, our analysis from this review of international literature reveals widespread appeal among women for using this type of contraceptive product. Clear rationale supporting use and preference included: (1) closer alignment with women's sexual lives that comprised desired but unplanned, spontaneous or occasional sex than other contraceptives; (2) perceived convenience and effectiveness, offering benefits over other modern contraceptives; and (3) women feeling able to overcome social values and beliefs that constrained their reproductive agency. There were also barriers to use of this type of product, including knowledge gaps and attitudes of service providers, a lack of knowledge and misinformation among end-users, women's dislike of the side effects, and myths and misconceptions about the impact of the hormone content in pills on future fertility. Introduction of an on-demand pericoital oral contraceptive pill could expand contraceptive choice for diverse women experiencing unmet need for modern contraception and constrained sexual and reproductive agency. Priorities for future research include: broadening the geographical scope of evidence to include SE Asia and the Pacific, and rural and peri-urban settings; documenting the perspectives of adolescents and unmarried young people; identifying opportunities for innovation in the supply channels to enhance appropriate, affordable access to this type of contraceptive; and unpacking how to bring this new contraceptive to the market in a variety of international settings.

Direct and indirect estimation of adolescent sexual intercourse and contraceptive use in Rajasthan India: an application of the best friend methodology.

BACKGROUND: Existing estimates of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) behaviors may be a gross undercount given the sensitivity of this behavior in Indian culture. The objective of this study was to estimate ASRH behaviors in Rajasthan, India using direct questions and the best friend approach that seeks to reduce social desirability bias. METHODS: We used population-based data of adolescents aged 15-19 in Rajasthan collected between September and December 2022. Data include whether the respondent and her closest female friend ever had a partner, ever had sex, ever used contraception, and were currently using contraception. We estimated respondent and best friend ASRH outcomes separately, overall and among unmarried adolescents for whom we anticipate social desirability bias is greatest. RESULTS: The best friend approach performed well, with method assumptions largely met even before adjustments. Respondent and best friend estimates were similar among all adolescents except for current contraceptive use, which was higher for friends (though not significantly so). However, we observed large differences in ASRH behaviors between unmarried respondents and friends, with a significantly higher percentage of friends who ever had a partner (4.3% respondents, 11.6% friends), and a slightly higher percentage who ever had sex (2.4%, 3.8%) and who were currently using contraception (17.0%, 19.7% among those in need of contraception). CONCLUSIONS: We observed potential benefits of using the best friend methodology in estimating premarital sexual activity, but further work is needed to refine social network-based measures of sensitive adolescent behaviors in larger study samples to better understand ASRH needs.

Does Sexual Intercourse Position Have a Role in Occurrence of Coital Urinary Incontinence?

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study was aimed at investigating the hypothesis that sexual intercourse positions may have an impact on the occurrence of coital urinary incontinence (CUI) in women. METHODS: This case-control observational study enrolled 360 married, heterosexual, sexually active female participants with CUI. Each patient was evaluated using medical and sexual histories, questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests, including urodynamics. Participants were asked whether or not their intercourse positions had an impact on the occurrence of their CUI. Patients with intercourse position-dependent CUI were included in group 1, and those independent of it were allocated to group 2. The clinic and laboratory findings of the patient groups were compared. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 47.24 ± 0.57 years. Of these women, 28.9% (n = 104) were in group 1, and 71.1% (n = 256) were in group 2. Group 1 had a lower mean age, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, number of urinary incontinence episodes, severity of CUI and incontinence, and pad weight than group 2 (p < 0.05). The rates of detrusor overactivity and penetration type of CUI were higher in group 1 than in group 2 (p < 0.0009, p = 0.009 respectively). According to logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of sexual position-related CUI was 3.5 times higher in women with detrusor overactivity. CONCLUSIONS: In certain patients, intercourse position is associated with the occurrence of CUI. This condition seems to be related to detrusor overactivity and is inversely associated with incontinence severity. However, further studies are necessary to explain this phenomenon.

Prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse under influence of alcohol among Thai adolescents: lessons from a nationwide school-based survey.

OBJECTIVES: Having sex under the influence of alcohol is a risky behavior and this study explored its prevalence and correlates among school-going Thai adolescents. METHODS: The data from the 2021 Thailand Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), including a nationally representative sample of students in grades 7-12th, was used to extract the relevant variables including demographic, psychosocial, substance use, and risky sex behaviors. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of engaging in sex while intoxicated across the independent variables while accounting for age and sex differences. RESULTS: Approximately 30.45 % of respondents reported alcohol intoxication and 37.75 % reported engaging in sexual intercourse while intoxicated at least once. Older adolescents (>14 years), males, and those in 11 and 12 grades were more likely to engage in sexual intercourse while intoxicated. Psychosocial factors such as loneliness and anxiety-induced insomnia were associated with increased likelihood, particularly among females. Substance use, including marijuana and amphetamine use, as well as cigarette smoking, correlated with higher odds of engaging in sexual intercourse while intoxicated. Both genders who engaged in sex while intoxicated reported having multiple sexual partners, with males more likely to use condoms. CONCLUSIONS: The intricate relationship between poor mental health, substance use, and risky sex behaviors along with their association with sex under alcohol influence emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to address the common risk factors and implement effective school-based screening strategies to identify the risk groups, educate them, and prevent the burden of risky sex under alcohol intoxication.

A comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait analysis of sexual factors and uterine leiomyoma.

Age at first sexual intercourse (AFS) and lifetime number of sexual partners (NSP) may influence the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma (UL) through their associations with hormonal concentrations and uterine infections. Leveraging summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies conducted in European ancestry for each trait (NAFS = 214,547; NNSP = 370,711; NUL = 302,979), we observed a significant negative genomic correlation for UL with AFS (rg = -0.11, P = 7.83×10-4), but not with NSP (rg = 0.01, P = 0.62). Four specific genomic regions were identified as contributing significant local genetic correlations to AFS and UL, including one genomic region further identified for NSP and UL. Partitioning SNP-heritability with cell-type-specific annotations, a close clustering of UL with both AFS and NSP was identified in immune and blood-related components. Cross-trait meta-analysis revealed 15 loci shared between AFS/NSP and UL, including 7 novel SNPs. Univariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis suggested no evidence for a causal association between genetically predicted AFS/NSP and risk of UL, nor vice versa. Multivariable MR adjusting for age at menarche or/and age at natural menopause revealed a significant causal effect of genetically predicted higher AFS on a lower risk of UL. Such effect attenuated to null when age at first birth was further included. Utilizing participant-level data from the UK Biobank, one-sample MR based on genetic risk scores yielded consistent null findings among both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal females. From a genetic perspective, our study demonstrates an intrinsic link underlying sexual factors (AFS and NSP) and UL, highlighting shared biological mechanisms rather than direct causal effects. Future studies are needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms involved in the shared genetic influences and their potential impact on UL development.

Sexual Self-Esteem and Orgasm Consistency: Exploring the Unique Roles of Body Image and Genital Image.

We explored the unique roles that body and genital image play in behavior-specific orgasm consistency, beyond overall sexual self-esteem. US adults (N = 599; 64% women) completed questionnaires online. Hierarchical regression analyses predicted orgasm consistency during receptive oral sex and penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) with additional clitoral stimulation (WAS) and with no additional clitoral stimulation (NAS) for the woman. Body image, genital image, and gender were entered in later steps to assess model improvement above sexual self-esteem. Models accounted for age, sexual and racial minority identities, and current relationship status. Results indicated that genital image improved all models and predicted higher orgasm consistency across all behaviors for men and women. For orgasm during receptive oral sex and PVI-NAS, sexual self-esteem was no longer significant once genital image was included. Genital image was a stronger predictor of women's versus men's orgasm during PVI-NAS; no significant gender differences were found for oral sex and PVI-WAS. Body image was not significant in any models, contrary to expectations, suggesting role overlap with sexual self-esteem. Genital image appears to play a unique role in sexual pleasure beyond overall sexual self-esteem and body image.

Sexual Activity in Adults with Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury: Injury, Demographic, and Lifestyle Factors.

Background: Sexual development is a complex process of understanding oneself as a sexual being. Youth with spinal cord injury (SCI) navigate the typical phases of sexual development along with the physical and psychological sequelae of an SCI. As youth with SCI progress from adolescence to emerging adulthood, sexual activity-physical intimacy and sexual intercourse-is an important milestone. Objectives: The aims of the study were to (1) describe frequency of physical intimacy among adults with pediatric-onset SCI and (2) identify injury, demographic, and lifestyle factors that predict frequency of physical intimacy. Methods: Adults with pediatric-onset SCI who were former patients within a North American pediatric hospital system (N = 277) completed a structured telephone interview that included medical and sociodemographic information and standardized measures of psychological functioning. Participants rated physical intimacy and sexual intercourse frequency on a 5-point Likert scale, with a response of monthly, weekly, or daily classified as regular frequency and never or yearly as irregular frequency. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted with physical intimacy frequency as the primary outcome. Results: Of the participants, 55% engaged in physical intimacy and 49% engaged in sexual intercourse with regular frequency. In logistic regression analyses, living independently of parents, being married, and higher perceived social integration increased likelihood of regular frequency of physical intimacy. Injury severity and secondary medical complications were not significant independent predictors of frequency of physical intimacy. Conclusion: Half of adults with pediatric-onset SCI engage in regular physical intimacy; this is below the estimates for the general population. Psychosocial factors are stronger contributors to physical intimacy frequency than SCI-related factors. Health care providers and researchers should focus on barriers to social integration and development of social relationships as factors that influence physical intimacy in this population.

The microbiota of sexual intercourse and its effect on prostatitis.

It is estimated that microorganisms colonize 90% of the body surface. In some tracts, such as the genitourinary tract, the microbiota varies throughout life, influenced by hormonal stimulation and sexual practices. This study evaluated the semen differences and presence of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae in semen samples from patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis and men asymptomatic for urogenital infections. Fifty-three semen samples were included: 22 samples from men with symptoms of chronic prostatitis and 31 asymptomatic men (control group). In addition to the presence of L. crispatus, L. iners, G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, semen parameters, total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma, prostatic antigen and some proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated in each semen sample. Volunteers with symptoms of chronic prostatitis presented a lower percentage of sperm morphology (4.3% vs. control group 6.0%, p = 0.004); in the semen samples of volunteers in the group asymptomatic for urogenital infections, microorganisms associated with the vaginal microbiota were detected more frequently. The presence of bacteria in the vaginal microbiota can also benefit male reproductive health, which undergoes various modifications related to lifestyle habits that are susceptible to modification. Microorganisms associated with the vaginal microbiota, such as L. crispatus, L. iners, G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, may have a protective role against the development of male genitourinary diseases such as prostatitis.

The International Female Coital Incontinence Questionnaire: Translation, Validation, and Reliability Study of the Persian Version.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study was aimed at validating the Persian version of the International Female Coital Incontinence Questionnaire (IFCI-Q). METHODS: In the current study, 150 sexually active women with complaints of any kind of sexual dysfunction from January 2022 to July 2023, who were referred to urogynecology outpatient clinics, completed the IFCI-Q. Age ≥ 18 years and sexually active women were the inclusion criteria for the study. Quantitative calculations were made to determine the content validity ratio and content validity index. A test-retest procedure was utilized to determine the scale reliability. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of participants was 35.66 (7.03) years. Among a total of 150 women, 21 (14.0%) had coital incontinence (CI), and this disorder happened during penetration in 11 cases (7.3%), orgasm in 9 (6.1%), or both conditions in one woman (0.7%). The intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) was 0.79 (0.74, 0.84), and the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.89. A positive association between the Female Sexual Function Index and the IFCI-Q was also demonstrated by the criteria validity (r = 0. 87 and p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Regarding validity and reliability, the Persian version of the IFCI-Q can properly evaluate CI in women with sexual dysfunction or complaining of CI.

Further Exploration of the Correlates of Post-Coital Dysphoria and Its Prevalence within Different Sexual Contexts.

The current study investigated the correlates of post-coital dysphoria (PCD) in men and women. Moreover, the study explored the PCD prevalence in the sexual contexts of a relationship, casual sex, and masturbation. An online survey was completed by 156 participants, 51 males and 105 females. All participants were over 18 and have had sex in and out of relationships, as well as having engaged in masturbation. Results showed that PCD was prevalent in each of the three sexual contexts, for both males and females. Furthermore, some previously identified correlates were replicated and found to be statistically significant predictors of PCD. A previously unexplored variable that was also found to significantly predict PCD were negative attitudes toward masturbation. The current research established that PCD occurs in multiple sexual contexts - something previously unknown. Prevalence rates of PCD after sex within a relationship, casual sex, and masturbation, for males were 21.6, 49 and 72.5, respectively. For females, prevalence rates were 11.4, 77.1 and 51.4%, respectively. Additionally, it identified which factors predict the experience of PCD for each of the different sexual contexts for each gender. This has potentially huge implications in formulating a focus for the treatment of PCD, dependent upon the gender and sexual context it is experienced in.

Reproductive sex ending in failure affects sexual health - A qualitative study of men and women attending a fertility clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To explore men's and women's experiences regarding their history of sexual health when attending a fertility clinic. METHODS: A qualitative study with semi-structured individual interviews was conducted among heterosexual males and females seeking infertility care at a public fertility clinic in Sweden in 2022-2023. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Eight males and ten females were included. The analysis resulted in an overarching theme: A change from spontaneous to scheduled intercourse affects various aspects of sexual health. In the beginning of the relationship sex had been spontaneous, joyful and satisfying. However, sex was not always unproblematic, and there had been sexual changes. Sex with a reproductive purpose was scheduled according to ovulation, leading to changes in sexual behavior. Increased erectile problems in men and decreased frequency of orgasms in women, and a lack of sexual desire in both, were experienced. Men and women felt pressured to have sex when it became a requirement. Men's sexual and women's reproductive failures led to negative emotional reactions, including stress, frustration, disappointment, anxiety and guilt. Sexual and reproductive problems affected the relational well-being, leading to feelings of sharing the burden but also conflicts and sexual avoidance. CONCLUSIONS: Experiencing reproductive failures, sexual problems and negative emotional reactions can affect men's and women's sexual health. Therefore, an implication for clinical practice among healthcare professionals during evaluation of infertility, is a need to be aware of and ask questions about sexual health after reproductive failures.

Factors influencing natural fecundity in fertile couples: a survey of puerperae and their partners.

RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the fecundity rate among fertile couples, and which factors influence it? DESIGN: Retrospective study of all puerperae attending Cruces University Hospital Human Reproduction Unit over 9 months. An anonymous questionnaire was circulated to all patients, and 2510 valid completed questionnaires were collected. The main inclusion criterion was natural conception resulting in delivery. Pregnancies resulting from ART and contraceptive method failure were excluded. Investigated parameters were time to pregnancy, age and smoking (in women and men), previous pregnancies and intercourse frequency. A mathematical formula was developed to predict the per-month fecundity rate (PMFR). RESULTS: The cumulative fecundity rate was 29.08%, 54.26%, 68.61%, 89.88%, 96.95% and 98.63% (at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months); between 12 and 36 months, the average PMFR ranged from 8.53-7.48%. Only 1.68% of pregnancies occurred between 24 and 36 months, and only 1.37% thereafter. The best fecundity markers were obtained in the group who had sexual intercourse seven to eight times a week. Women and men younger than 25 years had lower fecundity markers than those aged between 25 and 40 years. CONCLUSIONS: Fertile couples have a non-negligible per-month fecundity rate between 12 and 36 months, which should be considered when planning fertility studies. The lower fecundity rate observed in women and men aged younger than 25 years deserves more study. Coital frequencies of more than two or three times a week did not affect the fecundity rate and was better with frequencies of seven to eight times a week.