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1.
PLoS One ; 19(4): e0296978, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38625880

RESUMO

This research paper focuses on the study of the (3+1)-dimensional negative order KdV-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff (KdV-CBS) equation, an important nonlinear partial differential equation in oceanography. The primary objective is to explore various solution techniques and analyze their graphical representations. Initially, two wave, three wave, and multi-wave solutions of the negative order KdV CBS equation are derived using its bilinear form. This analysis shed light on the behavior and characteristics of the equation's wave solutions. Furthermore, a bilinear Bäcklund transform is employed by utilizing the Hirota bilinear form. This transformation yields exponential and rational function solutions, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the equation. The resulting solutions are accompanied by graphical representations, providing visual insights into their structures. Moreover, the extended transformed rational function method is applied to obtain complexiton solutions. This approach, executed through the bilinear form, facilitated the discovery of additional solutions with intriguing properties. The graphical representations, spanning 2D, 3D, and contour plots, serve as valuable visual aids for understanding the complex dynamics and behaviors exhibited by the equation's solutions.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Recursos Audiovisuais
3.
J Contemp Dent Pract ; 25(1): 20-28, 2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38514427

RESUMO

AIM: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by unique behavioral patterns, treating children with ASD in the dental clinic has been a great challenge due to their behavior. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of culturally adapted dental visual aids in modifying behavior patterns during dental visits in children with ASD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A controlled, blinded, randomized, clinical trial, with 64 children diagnosed with ASD, were randomly divided into two groups. The study took place between January 2019 and January 2021. The experimental group was provided with culturally adapted dental visual aids created especially for this research and the control group was provided with universal dental visual aids. The children's behavior patterns were evaluated before and after using the dental visual aids. SPSS v.25 was used to process all the data. RESULTS: Behavior patterns have modified significantly in the experimental group (p < 0.001) however, it was statistically insignificant in the control group (p = 0.077). In terms of behavioral patterns, the experimental group outperformed the control group significantly (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The culturally adapted dental visual aids have shown effectiveness in modifying behavior patterns in children diagnosed with ASD during dental visits. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: By evaluating the impact of culturally adapted visual aids on behavior management, the study can enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of dental care for this vulnerable population, ultimately promoting better oral health outcomes and reducing potential trauma associated with dental visits for children with ASD. How to cite this article: Aljubour AA, AbdElBaki M, El Meligy O, et al. Culturally Adapted Dental Visual Aids Effect on Behavior Management during Dental Visits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):20-28.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Criança , Humanos , Recursos Audiovisuais , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/terapia , Comportamento Infantil , Método Duplo-Cego
4.
Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med ; 16(1): e1-e3, 2024 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38426782

RESUMO

Teaching family medicine to medical students is primarily intended to aid in their understanding of the distinctive and significant role that the speciality performs within the healthcare system. Improving medical students' comprehension of family medicine may have an impact on their decision to pursue family medicine as a speciality. It is important to use innovative evidence-based teaching and learning strategies and ensure that medical students receive extra learning opportunities in family medicine. This is a short report highlighting the use of audio-visual aids and case studies to enhance the understanding of family medicine principles among undergraduate medical students attending a private university in Ghana.Contribution: This short report offers family medicine teachers and educators at the undergraduate level an example of how to apply audio-visual aids and case studies to enhance the understanding of family medicine principles among students. The report contributes to the growth of family medicine as a speciality within the African context.


Assuntos
Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/educação , Aprendizagem , Recursos Audiovisuais
5.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1309632, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38414898

RESUMO

Background: For high-quality colonoscopies, adequate bowel preparation is a prerequisite, closely associated with the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic safety of colonoscopy. Although popular-science short videos can help people quickly access health information, the overall quality of such short videos as a source of health information regarding bowel preparation before colonoscopy is unclear. Therefore, we intend to conduct a cross-sectional study to investigate the quality of bowel preparation information before colonoscopy through short videos taken on TikTok and Bilibili. Methods: The Chinese phrases "colonoscopy" and "bowel preparation" were used as keywords to search for and screen the top 100 videos in the comprehensive rankings on TikTok and Bilibili. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN score were used to assess the quality of the information provided in these short videos. Results: A total of 186 short videos were included in this study; 56.5% of them were posted by health professionals, whereas 43.5% of them were posted by nonhealth professionals. The overall quality of these videos was unsatisfactory, with a median DISCERN score of 3 (2-4) and a median GQS of 3 (3-4). The radar maps showed that videos posted by gastroenterologists had higher completeness scores regarding outcomes, management, and risk factors, while nongastroenterologists had higher completeness scores concerning adverse effects, symptoms, and definitions of bowel preparation. Additionally, the median DISCERN score and GQS of the videos posted by gastroenterologists were 3 (3-4) and 3 (3-4), respectively, whereas the quality of the videos posted by patients was the worst, with a median DISCERN score of 2 (1-2) and a median GQS of 2 (1.25-3). Conclusion: In conclusion, the overall quality of health information-related videos on bowel preparation before colonoscopy posted on specified short video platforms was not satisfactory. Gastroenterologists provide more information on the outcomes, management, and risk factors for bowel preparation before colonoscopy, while nongastroenterologists focus on adverse effects, symptoms, and definitions of bowel preparation.


Assuntos
Colonoscopia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Recursos Audiovisuais
6.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 84, 2024 Jan 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38263114

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Given the complementary roles of health professionals and journalists in communicating health risks to patients and the public, there have been calls for physicians to work with journalists to improve the quality of health information received by the public. Understanding the preferences of medical and journalism students for the way in which health risks are communicated and their understanding of words used to describe risk is an important first step to inform interdisciplinary learning. METHODS: Medical and journalism students (n = 203) completed an online survey where they were given qualitative descriptors of risk such as 'a chance', 'probably' and 'unlikely', and asked to assign a number that represents what the word means to them. Different formats of communicating risk (percentages, natural frequency and visual aids) were provided and students were asked to select and explain their preference. A thematic analysis of reasons was conducted. Numeracy and perceived mathematics ability were measured. RESULTS: Numbers assigned to the descriptor 'A chance' had the highest variability for medical students. Numbers assigned to the descriptor 'Probably' had the highest variability for journalism students. Using visual aids was the most popular format for risk communication for both courses (56% of medical students and 40% of journalism students). Using percentages was twice as popular with journalism students compared to medical students (36% vs. 18%). Perceived mathematics ability was lower in students with a preference for natural frequencies and in journalism students, however performance on an objective numeracy scale was similar for all three formats (percentages, natural frequency and visual aids). Reasons for choosing a preferred format included good communication, eliciting a response, or learning style. CONCLUSIONS: Education on health risk communication for medical and journalism students should emphasize the need for qualitative descriptors of risk to be combined with the best available number. Students are already considering their role as future communicators of health risks and open to tailoring the mode of presentation to their audience. Further research is required on the design and evaluation of interdisciplinary workshops in health risk communication for medical and journalism students to maximise the opportunities for future inter-professional working.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Comunicação , Escolaridade , Recursos Audiovisuais , Cognição
7.
J Dent Educ ; 88(1): 82-91, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37927077

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study aims to report the development of a preclinical simulation laboratory Demonstration Video Series (DVS) for the 2021-2022 academic year, measure its usage and usefulness, and compare these findings to the usage and usefulness of the existing didactic lecture videos. METHODS: The DVS videos were intended to be viewed before each preclinical simulation laboratory session along with the pre-existing didactic lectures (DL) by University of California San Francisco (UCSF) learners. Usage measurements included the percentage of the class that viewed each video, the number of views that each video received, and the average duration of each video that was watched. Usefulness of the videos was measured by a survey that assessed learner perspective on knowledge and ability to apply that knowledge during the simulation lab exercises. Both usage and usefulness of the DVS were then compared to the usage and usefulness of the DL. Both descriptive statistics and independent sample hypothesis tests were performed to compare the differences in proportion between DVS and DL mediums. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in terms of both usage and usefulness of the DVS compared to the DL, with DVS being utilized more overall. With an 81% response rate, survey analysis revealed statistically significant differences among the learners' perspectives on the usefulness of the DVS compared to the DL, with a clear preference for the DVS over the DL and an overwhelmingly positive perception of the DVS. CONCLUSION: The DVS was found to be a valuable addition to the preclinical laboratory sessions for first-year learners.


Assuntos
Recursos Audiovisuais , Educação em Odontologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Laboratórios , Treinamento por Simulação
8.
CBE Life Sci Educ ; 23(1): fe1, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38100317

RESUMO

Graphs are ubiquitous tools in science that allow one to explore data patterns, design studies, communicate findings, and make claims. This essay is a companion to the online, evidence-based interactive guide intended to help inform instructors' decision-making in how to teach graph reading, interpretation, construction, and evaluation within the discipline of biology. We provide a framework with a focus on six instructional practices that instructors can utilize when designing graphing activities: use data to engage students, teach graphing grounded in the discipline, practice explicit instruction, use real world "messy" data, utilize collaborative work, and emphasize reflection. Each component of this guide is supported by summaries of and links to articles that can inform graphing practices. The guide also contains an instructor checklist that summarizes key points with actionable steps that can guide instructors as they work towards refining and incorporating graphing into their classroom practice and emerging questions in which further empirical studies are warranted.


Assuntos
Aptidão , Recursos Audiovisuais , Visualização de Dados , Estudantes , Humanos , Leitura , Ensino , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Compreensão
9.
BMJ Open Qual ; 12(3)2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37612047

RESUMO

Microbiology sample swabs may be unsuccessful or rejected for a variety of reasons. Typically, errors occur in the preanalytical phase of sample collection. Errors with collection, handling and transport can lead to the need to repeat specimen collection. Unsuccessful specimens contribute to delays in diagnosis, increased patient stress and increased healthcare costs. An audit of sample swabs from London Health Sciences Centre Children's Hospital from August through October 2021 yielded complete success rates of 100% for ear and eye culture swabs, 98.1% for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus swabs and 88.9% for wound swabs. This project aimed to improve wound swab success to 95% on the paediatric inpatient and paediatric emergency departments by May 2022.Stakeholders from paediatric clinical services including physicians, nurses and the laboratory medicine team at our centre were engaged to guide quality improvement interventions to improve specimen success rate. Based on feedback, we implemented visual aids to our electronic laboratory test information guide. Additionally, visual reminders of correct sample collection equipment were placed in high traffic areas for nursing staff.After the interventions were implemented, a three-month follow-up showed that wound swab success rate rose to 95.3%. This study achieved its aim of improving wound swab success rate to 95%. It adds to the growing pool of evidence that preanalytical phase intervention such as visual aids can increase swab success rates, in healthcare settings.


Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Humanos , Criança , Melhoria de Qualidade , Pacientes Internados , Recursos Audiovisuais , Análise por Conglomerados
10.
Afr Health Sci ; 23(1): 631-637, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37545944

RESUMO

Background: The increasing numbers of students studying human anatomy at Makerere University are beginning to overwhelm available resources, which presents challenges in learning and necessitates an evaluation of alternative ways to enhance anatomy learning.The increasing numbers of students overwhelm resources available and presents challenges in learning. This necessitates an evaluation of alternatives to enhance gross anatomy learning at Makerere University College of Health Sciences. The study aimed to assess the usage of visual aids and generate necessary information to enhance learning. Methods: A cross-sectional study employing a concurrent triangulation mixed method design was conducted among 44 graduate students actively participating in cadaveric dissection. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and two focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to summarize data. Results: Most participants were male (77.3%) with a mean age of 31.5 years (SD 3.9, Range, 27-45 years). A majority of graduate students reported using non-traditional methods (online sources) to supplement learning. Students commonly used hard copies of Cunningham Manual of Practical Anatomy (88.6%) supplemented with well-illustrated textbooks (79.5%) and online dissection videos (72.7%). Students expressed most satisfaction with the use of videos and well-illustrated text books in supplementing learning. The availability of these electronic resources was limited by factors such as poor internet connectivity and the need to pay for online licenses and subscription fees. Conclusion: Graduate students in the Department of Anatomy at MakCHS are using non-traditional methods to supplement their learning. However, there are several challenges to accessing digital resources. There is a need to support students with accessing visual aids through integrating newer teaching modalities and modern technology to promote interest and retention of anatomical knowledge.


Assuntos
Anatomia , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Universidades , Estudos Transversais , Estudantes , Atitude , Currículo , Recursos Audiovisuais , Anatomia/educação , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
J Vis Commun Med ; 46(3): 116-121, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37431723

RESUMO

Effective communication is a crucial component of patient-centered care and individuals with low health literacy face significant challenges in managing their health, leading to longer hospital stays and worse outcomes. Visual aids, such as medical illustrations and pictograms, can enhance patient understanding and memory retention; however, there is a lack in the medical field of tools for evaluating and improving a physician's ability to draw clinical illustrations for their patient. This article explores an aesthetic scale created in collaboration between Boston University Medical School and the Boston University Fine-Arts department. The scale scores basic design elements that could reasonably be improved in a clinical setting. A pilot study demonstrated interrater reliability between trained artists scoring images of varying concepts and visual quality with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. This scale has potential use in medical visual education and clinical evaluation.


Assuntos
Educação Médica , Ilustração Médica , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Recursos Audiovisuais
12.
Public Health Nutr ; 26(8): 1576-1584, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37165660

RESUMO

Intuitive eating (IE) is a concept based on mind-body integration of instinct, emotion and rational thought, to improve eating behaviours, physical and mental health. Several attempts were developed to teach IE principles including text-messaging interventions given that they are easy to implement and low cost. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 5-week text message-based IE intervention on IE, while correcting for perceived stress (PS) and self-compassion (SC). DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Online, in Lebanon. PARTICIPANTS: Adults (n 195) were randomised into one of three groups: the active IE group receiving IE-related messages with a practice exercise, the passive IE group receiving only IE-related messages and the control group receiving general health-related tips. Ten messages were delivered over 5 weeks. Two follow-ups were made: directly post-intervention and 7 weeks later. Baseline data and follow-ups included demographics, nutrition-related variables and measures of IE, SC and PS. RESULTS: Results indicated improvements in IE scores in the two intervention groups (P = 0·05), with the passive IE group showing the most improvement. Also, a significant improvement in SC (Λ = 0·88, F (2, 63) = 4·40, P = 0·01) and reduction in PS (Λ = 0·86, F (2, 63) = 5·21, P = 0·008) were observed in the active IE group. CONCLUSION: Text-messaging interventions might be efficient in enhancing IE. Results shed light on the need for further large-scale interventions that use visual aids and provide practical guidance to teach IE, while further characterising the relation between IE, SC and stress.


Assuntos
Envio de Mensagens de Texto , Adulto , Humanos , Comportamento Alimentar , Recursos Audiovisuais , Estado Nutricional , Exercício Físico
13.
Ann Med ; 55(1): 1234-1243, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37078544

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to calculate the estimated size and confidence interval for the effects of adding visual aid to counselling on anxiety, stress and fear of patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The secondary aim was to calculate confidence interval for endoscopy-related variables that predict which patients are likely to benefit from visual aids. METHOD: In a randomized, single-blind, two arm, parallel group, superiority trial, 232 consecutive patients who were scheduled to undergo either gastroscopy or colonoscopy were randomly divided into two intervention groups; counselling with video of endoscopic procedure and counselling with no-video (n = 116 in each group). Primary outcome was anxiety and secondary outcomes were stress and fear. RESULTS: One-way ANCOVA showed that there was significant between group differences of anxiety, stress and fear after controlling for the effect of covariates. Planned contrasts revealed that counselling along with visual aid of endoscopy procedure significantly decreased anxiety [Mean difference at post; -4.26 (-4.47, -4.05), p < .001, partial η2 = 0.88], stress [-5.35 (-5.63, -5.07), p < .001, partial η2 = 0.86] and fear [-2.82 (-2.97, -2.67), p < .001, partial η2 = 0.86] compared to counselling alone. Linear regression showed that gender, nature of complaints and concern over seniority of endoscopist were significant negative predictors, however, satisfaction on briefing of endoscopy procedure was significant positive predictor of outcome variables in visual aid condition. CONCLUSION: The increase in anxiety, acute stress and fear related to endoscopic procedures can be alleviated with psychological counselling coupled with visual aids before the procedure. Visual aid could lead to supplementary benefits in reducing anxiety scores. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov Number: NCT05241158. Registered 16/11/2022; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05241158KEY MESSAGESCounselling along with visual aid of endoscopy procedure significantly decreased anxiety, stress and fear as compared to counselling alone.Male patients were less stressed after visual aid intervention as compared to female patients. Patients who had chronic GI symptoms were less stressed after visual aid intervention as compared to those who had acute GI symptoms. Patients who had concern over seniority of endoscopist were less stressed after visual aid intervention as compared to those who had no concerns over seniority.Satisfaction on briefing of endoscopy procedure was significant positive predictor of stress and fear.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Recursos Audiovisuais , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Medo , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/psicologia , Método Simples-Cego , Colonoscopia , Gastroscopia
14.
J Glaucoma ; 32(7): 613-618, 2023 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36795526

RESUMO

PRCIS: This study is the first to evaluate the ease of access, understandability, and cultural inclusivity of online glaucoma-related video content for patient education. Overall, materials were found to be poorly understandable and not culturally representative. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the ease of access, readability, actionability, and cultural inclusivity of glaucoma-specific patient education videos found online. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two glaucoma-based patient education videos were reviewed for this study. METHODS: A survey of glaucoma specialists identified commonly recommended patient education Web sites, which were analyzed for video content. Web sites were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers for glaucoma-based patient education videos. Videos with content designated for medical providers, dedicated to research, or affiliated with private practices were excluded. Videos that were not glaucoma-specific or longer than 15 minutes were also excluded. The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool was used to score videos for understandability and actionability reviewing content, word choice, organization, layout, and use of visual aids. Videos were also reviewed for cultural inclusivity and accessibility measures including language availability. Agreement analysis with a kappa coefficient (κ) over 0.6 was established with the first 5 videos between 2 independent reviewers and scoring discrepancies were resolved via a third independent reviewer. RESULTS: From 10 recommended Web sites, 22 videos met inclusion criteria for evaluation. The average Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool score was 68.3% (SD = 18.4) for understandability (κ=0.63). Most videos (64%) were accessed within 3 clicks from the homepage. Only 3 videos were available in another language (Spanish). Most actors and images were White individuals (68.9%), followed by Black (22.1%), then Asian (5.7%) and other/ambiguous (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS: There is room for improvement regarding language accessibility, understandability, and cultural inclusivity of glaucoma-based, publicly available patient education video content.


Assuntos
Pressão Intraocular , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Recursos Audiovisuais , Compreensão , Gravação em Vídeo
15.
Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi ; 78(1): 62-154, 2023.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36754399
16.
Behav Modif ; 47(6): 1345-1376, 2023 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31165621

RESUMO

Visual analysis of single-case research is commonly described as a gold standard, but it is often unreliable. Thus, an objective tool for applying visual analysis is necessary, as an alternative to the Conservative Dual Criterion, which presents some drawbacks. The proposed free web-based tool enables assessing change in trend and level between two adjacent phases, while taking data variability into account. The application of the tool results in (a) a dichotomous decision regarding the presence or absence of an immediate effect, a progressive or delayed effect, or an overall effect and (b) a quantification of overlap. The proposal is evaluated by applying it to both real and simulated data, obtaining favorable results. The visual aid and the objective rules are expected to make visual analysis more consistent, but they are not intended as a substitute for the analysts' judgment, as a formal test of statistical significance, or as a tool for assessing social validity.


Assuntos
Recursos Audiovisuais , Humanos
17.
Patient Educ Couns ; 107: 107576, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36455317

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of modifying content and design elements within written informed-consent-forms (ICF) for patients undergoing elective surgical or invasive procedures. METHODS: We included (quasi-)randomized trials in which a modified written ICF (e.g. visual aids) was compared to a standard written ICF. We searched PubMed, Web-of-Science and PsycINFO until 08/2021. Risk of Bias was assessed. The complexity of intervention was assessed using the Intervention Complexity Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews. RESULTS: Eleven trials with 1091 participants were eligible. Effect sizes and levels of evidence varied from trivial to moderate andthere were contradictory findings for some outcomes. Providing patients with more informationin general or specific information on risks and complications mostly increased anxiety. The use of verbal risk presentation decreased anxiety and increased satisfaction.A lower readability level decreased anxiety and improved comprehension and knowledge. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that providing more information and addressing certain types of risks have differential effects. While more information improved knowledge, it also increased anxiety. We did not find any or only insufficient evidence for many other possible ICF modifications. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: When developing ICFs the differential impact of different elements on patient important outcomes should be carefully considered.


Assuntos
Termos de Consentimento , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Recursos Audiovisuais , Compreensão
18.
Sensors (Basel) ; 22(23)2022 Dec 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36502169

RESUMO

Disorders of swallowing often lead to pneumonia when material enters the airways (aspiration). Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) plays a key role in the diagnostics of aspiration but is prone to human errors. An AI-based tool could facilitate this process. Recent non-endoscopic/non-radiologic attempts to detect aspiration using machine-learning approaches have led to unsatisfying accuracy and show black-box characteristics. Hence, for clinical users it is difficult to trust in these model decisions. Our aim is to introduce an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) approach to detect aspiration in FEES. Our approach is to teach the AI about the relevant anatomical structures, such as the vocal cords and the glottis, based on 92 annotated FEES videos. Simultaneously, it is trained to detect boluses that pass the glottis and become aspirated. During testing, the AI successfully recognized the glottis and the vocal cords but could not yet achieve satisfying aspiration detection quality. While detection performance must be optimized, our architecture results in a final model that explains its assessment by locating meaningful frames with relevant aspiration events and by highlighting suspected boluses. In contrast to comparable AI tools, our framework is verifiable and interpretable and, therefore, accountable for clinical users.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição , Humanos , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Inteligência Artificial , Deglutição , Endoscopia , Recursos Audiovisuais
19.
BMC Pediatr ; 22(1): 648, 2022 11 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36348320

RESUMO

AIM: Teaching Basic Life Support (BLS) in schools is a key initiative to improve the survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Low-cost training materials can reach a wider population. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of using teaching cards with the traditional instructor-led and combined methods on BLS skills and attitude and to evaluate the long-term effects after two months. METHODS: A quasi-experimental combination design study. Two hundred sixty-three schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years were assigned to three groups with different methods to teach BLS: teaching card group (n = 100), traditional instructor-led teaching group (n = 91), combined teaching group (n = 72). BLS skills and attitude were measured and compared before the training (T0), after the training (T1), and two months later (T2). RESULTS: BLS skills improved in every group at T1 compared to T0 (p < 0.001) and remained higher at T2 than at T0 in almost all cases (p < 0.001). Skill performance was similar in most of the skills between the three groups at T1. The best skill scores acquired were calling the ambulance and the correct hand position by chest compression. Positioning the head during check the breathing was more effective in the traditional group (48.4%) and combined group (61.1%) than in the teaching card group (19.0%) (p < 0.001) at T1. However, some skills improved significantly in the teaching card group at T2: check breathing for 10 s (p = 0.016); positioning the head by check breathing (p < 0.001); and positioning the head by ventilation (p = 0.011). Attitude did not change significantly in any of the groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the level of attitude was inferior in the teaching card group compared with the traditional (p = 0.005), and the combined groups (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: Using low-cost materials for teaching BLS for young schoolchildren can improve their skills, however, could not improve attitudes. Teaching cards were not inferior compared to traditional and combined methods in some skills but inferior in others. Therefore, hands-on training opportunity is still important. Teaching cards are useful for long-term learning. To learn correctly the whole sequence of BLS is difficult for 6 to 10 years-old children, however, they are able to learn more BLS-related skills separately.


Assuntos
Recursos Audiovisuais , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Instituições Acadêmicas , Criança , Humanos , Atitude , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/educação , Avaliação Educacional , Aprendizagem , Ensino , Recursos Audiovisuais/economia
20.
J Emerg Med ; 63(5): 692-701, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36243609

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) providers face increasing task burdens and requirements related to documentation and paperwork. To decrease the mental task burden for providers, our institution developed an infographic that illustrates which forms are necessary for complete documentation of nonemergent invasive procedures. OBJECTIVES: Our study aims to analyze the effect of a nonelectronic health record-based infographic, paired with direct feedback, on compliance with nonemergent invasive procedure documentation performed in the ED. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study of all procedure documentation performed in the ED with a pre-/post-test design. The study included two 8-month study periods, 1 year apart. The preimplementation period used for comparison was January 1, 2019-August 31, 2019, and the postimplementation period was January 1, 2020-August 31, 2020. All invasive procedures that required documentation in addition to a procedure note were included in the study. The primary outcome was the percentage of compliance with documentation requirements. RESULTS: During the pre- and postimplementation study periods, 486 and 405 charts with nonemergent procedures were identified, respectively. In the preimplementation period, 278 (57%) procedures were compliant with all documentation, vs. the postimplementation period, where 287 (71%) procedures were compliant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Implementing an invasive procedure documentation infographic and direct feedback improved overall documentation compliance for nonemergent invasive procedures.


Assuntos
Documentação , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Documentação/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Recursos Audiovisuais
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