Oral hygiene behaviors and periodontitis among patients with chronic diseases and its impact on tooth loss and oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study of data from the ComPaRe e-cohort.

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about oral hygiene habits of patients suffering from chronic diseases. This study aims to describe oral hygiene behavior (OHB) in terms of tooth brushing and professional scaling frequency among patients with chronic diseases. Secondarily, it aims to assess the association between OHB and periodontitis, tooth loss, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data of adult participants in the ComPaRe e-cohort. Participants were classified into having good, moderate, and poor OHB according to self-reported frequency of toothbrushing and professional tooth scaling. Periodontitis was assessed using the PEriodontal Screening Score (PESS). Weighted binary regression models were used to estimate the association between OHB and the following outcomes: (i) periodontitis; (ii) number of missing teeth; and (iii) OHRQoL based on the Oral Health Impact Profile-14. RESULTS: Overall, 8553 patients were included in the analyses (52.9% females, mean age of 56.3 ± 17 years). Of these, 2907 (34%), 3953 (46%) and 1693 (20%) were considered as having good, moderate, and poor OHB, respectively. Over half (54.1%) of the patients had a PESS ≥ 5 suggestive for severe periodontitis. Moderate OHB was associated with lower odds of PESS ≥ 5 compared to poor OHB (Adjusted Odds Ratio, OR = 0.81 [95%CI: 0.70-0.92]). Good and moderate OHB were significantly associated with lower odds of ≥ 10 missing teeth (OR = 0.26 [95%CI: 0.21-0.33] and OR = 0.47 [95%CI: 0.4-0.56], respectively) and better OHRQoL than poor OHB. CONCLUSIONS: Although, most of patients with chronic diseases reported to have good or moderate OHB, severe periodontitis is highly prevalent among this patient population in France. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study describes OHB in a representative sample of patients suffering from one or more chronic diseases and provides an estimate of the prevalence of self-reported severe periodontitis, missing teeth, and OHRQoL.

Psychological Factors Determining Prognosis of Dental Treatments.

Many psychological factors may have a significant bearing on an individual's oral health and success of dental treatments. Overall, these factors may result in the avoidance of dental visits, emergency-based dental appointments, noncompliant dental behavior, the utilization of multiple oral health care providers, and poor oral health. These factors may affect the quality of life of individuals and may lead to patient dissatisfaction, poor prognosis, and failure of dental treatment. Multiple psychological factors may affect the dentist and the patient. Those factors may alter the prognosis for successful dental treatment. Physician empathy is fundamental in developing long-term physician-patient trust.

Systemic Factors Affecting Healing in Dentistry.

Healing process in the oral cavity is influenced by a range of systemic factors. More specifically, patient health status, medications, habits, and nutritional state play crucial roles in dental healing. Additionally, the body's immune response, inflammation, and overall well-being are key determinants in wound repair. Understanding these systemic factors is essential for dental professionals to optimize patient care, minimize complications, and achieve successful healing.

Challenges faced by dentists during provision of oral health care in children and adolescents with special health-care needs: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Oral health care for children with special health-care needs (CSHCN) is often overlooked despite a substantial global population with disabilities or special needs. This scoping review delves into the challenges dentists face in delivering oral health care to CSHCN. METHODOLOGY: The scoping review was conducted as per the guidelines of PRISMA-ScR with a search strategy based on the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) framework of the research question. The databases searched were PUBMED, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost. Articles published within 20 years and in the English language were included in the study. RESULTS: The review included 20 studies and highlighted several significant barriers encountered by dentists when providing oral health care for CSHCN. They included inadequate training among dentists in managing special needs patients, the time-intensive nature of oral procedures for this population, and the unpredictable behaviors exhibited by CSHCN during dental visits. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the crucial need to address the challenges dentists face in delivering oral health care to CSHCN.

Oral health status and oral health-related quality of life among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the age group of 11-14 years in Delhi-NCR Region.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of oral health status (OHS) and sociodemographic indicators on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) aged 11-14 years and compare it with age-matched nondiabetic children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 80 children aged between 11 and 14 years with T1DM and 80 age-matched nondiabetic children. The OHRQoL was measured using a validated structured Hindi version of the child perception questionnaire (CPQ11-14) questionnaire. The clinical OHS was assessed using the decayed, missing, or filled teeth index, plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). Associations between OHRQoL and independent predictors were analyzed with the log-linear Poisson model regression method. RESULTS: CPQ11-14 scores were significantly lower in nondiabetic children than diabetic children, indicating better OHRQoL among nondiabetic children than diabetic children (P ≤ 0.05). The GI score exhibited a significantly lower value in nondiabetic children than in diabetic children (P = 0.014). In contrast, the mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth score showed a significantly higher value in nondiabetic children than in diabetic children (P ≤ 0.001). There was no difference in the mean PI of diabetic and nondiabetic children (P = 0.096). CONCLUSION: The result of the present study highlighted the detrimental effect of T1DM on OHRQoL in children.

Influence of maternal attention-deficit hyperactive disorder on child dental neglect - An analytical cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that is characterized by symptoms such as inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The influence of mothers with ADHD and their attitude towards their wards' oral health has not been explored in the Indian scenario. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ADHD in mother-child dyads in western Tamil Nadu and the mothers' dental neglect toward their children. METHODOLOGY: The prevalence of ADHD in mothers and children was assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale screener and ADHD Rating Scale, respectively. The Child Dental Neglect Scale (CDNS) was used to assess dental neglect in children. The responses were recorded on a Likert scale and statistical analyses were done. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADHD in mothers and children was 10.65% and 10.57%, respectively. The impulsivity and hyperactivity type of ADHD was commonly seen in both the mothers and their children. Mothers without ADHD felt that their children maintained their oral health well. Mothers with ADHD deferred the needed dental treatment for their children. CONCLUSION: Mothers with ADHD have four times more risk of having children with ADHD. Maternal ADHD influences their child's oral health. Child dental neglect was more prevalent among mothers with ADHD.

[A PhD completed. Oral manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases]. / Serie: Hora est. Orale manifestaties van inflammatoire darmziekten.

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to bowel symptoms, patients may also have oral manifestations. This thesis investigated potential associations between disease activity in the gut, oral health, salivary gland function, and saliva composition. Patients with Crohn's disease had a significantly higher DMFT index, but showed no difference in periodontal diseases compared to a healthy control group. The saliva composition in patients with active bowel disease differed from that in patients with inactive bowel disease, suggesting that saliva analysis could potentially be used in the future to determine the degree and severity of bowel disease. The knowledge of gastroenterologists and dentists regarding oral manifestations of bowel diseases was found to be limited. Gastroenterologists and dentists valued interdisciplinary patient consultation as very useful, but the frequency of consultation was considered insufficient.

[Series: Sustainability. Making oral care more sustainable; where do we stand and where are we going? An overview of the situation in and around the Netherlands]. / Serie: Duurzaamheid. De verduurzaming in de mondzorg; waar staan we en waar gaan we heen?

With the Paris climate goals in prospect and the latest IPCC reports in mind, it is urgent and necessary that the healthcare sector also looks at how to limit global warming. Healthcare is a major producer of greenhouse gasses, air pollution and waste. In addition, it uses a lot of raw materials and energy. Both the World Health Organization, the World Dental Federation and national parties are trying to draw up an agenda based on goals to make the healthcare sector more sustainable. English research shows that the largest emissions in oral care are caused by travel, purchasing and use of materials and energy use in practice. Based on these topics, steps can be taken to become more sustainable. The e-book 'Sustainable oral healthcare practice' provides a good starting point for this.

The multifaceted impact of missing teeth on general health: A narrative review.

Tooth loss extends beyond oral health concerns, impacting overall well-being and quality of life. It is a global issue, with approximately 7% of individuals aged 20 years or older affected. Research reveals associations between tooth loss and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and peripheral arterial disease, attributed mainly to chronic inflammation and altered dietary habits. However, tooth loss has also been associated with cognitive decline, depression, and certain cancers, including lung, head and neck, pancreatic, and esophageal, suggesting the involvement of complex pathophysiological mechanisms that are increasingly the subject of experimental research. In addition, there are psychosocial consequences, such as self-esteem issues and social discomfort. Therefore, it is indisputable that comprehensive oral care is of utmost importance. Recognizing the importance of oral health for overall well-being highlights the necessity for preventative measures and enhanced dental care. As the global population ages, it is increasingly important to comprehend and address the systemic effects of tooth loss. This review aims to summarize the complex pathomechanisms underlying tooth loss and emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to address its di- verse consequences. It advocates for preventive oral health measures to sustain general health and well-being.

Assessment of oral hygiene and quality of life in rehabilitated patients with fixed parcial dentures.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the influence of oral hygiene guidance for the maintenance of fixed partial dentures (FPD) and the influence of this treatment on the quality of life (QL) of rehabilitated patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Bleeding on Probing Index (BOP) methods was employed to evaluate oral hygiene (OH), and the OHIP-14 questionnaire to assessment QL. The sample consisted of 33 patients (26 females and 7 males, mean age 51.53 years) in treatment with FPD. The OH and QL assessments were conducted in temporary FPD placing session and 30 days after definitive cementation. R e s u l t s: OHI-S and BOP showed increasing results (p <0.05) comparing initial and final assessments. There was a negative correlation between OHI-S and BOP, in both periods of analysis. The OHIP-14 showed a significant result according to the Likert scale scores, with an impact reduction from 9.33 to 0.57. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that FPD rehabilitations need of properly oral hygiene guidance, that could be influence on oral health status. In addition, the FPD rehabilitation improved the QL of the patients.

Oral health-related quality of life and its association with sense of coherence and social support among Yemeni immigrants in Malaysia.

Oral health problems prove to be a significant public health issue due to their high prevalence and their impacts on people's self-confidence and basic physical functions such as talking, chewing and smiling, all of which affect an individual's social role. For that, this study aims to determine oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and its association with a sense of coherence (SOC) and perceived social support among Yemeni adults residing in Malaysia. Data was collected from 223 Yemeni adults residing in Malaysia for over a year. The data collection instruments used were: a short version of the sense of coherence Scale (SOC-13), a new short version of the oral health impact profile (OHIP-5) questionnaire, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), and a questionnaire containing socio-demographic and oral health behaviours information. Simple and adjusted binary logistic regression analyses with the level of significance p < 0.05 were used to determine the association between the independent factors and OHRQoL. Negative impacts on quality of life due to oral health issues were reported by (57.8%) of the participants, and a statistically significant association between SOC and OHRQoL was found; participants with weak SOC were more likely to have a negative impact on their OHRQol than individuals with strong SOC (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.5). Additionally, self-assessment of oral health as poor (AOR = 4.6, 95% CI 1.5-14.1) were also associated with a negative impact OHRQoL. On the other hand, this study found that a longer period since the last dentist visit was a protective factor against negative impacts on quality of life (p < 0.05). In terms of perceived social support, no association was found between any categories of perceived social support and OHRQoL. In Conclusion, sense of coherence showed a statistically significant association with OHRQoL, emphasizing psychological factors' potential role in oral health. The findings support the hypothesis that SOC is a psychosocial determinant that could act as a protective factor against negative impact on OHRQoL.

Oral health among refugees and asylum seekers utilizing Médecins du Monde clinics in mainland Greece, 2016-2017.

BACKGROUND: The oral health of refugees and asylum seekers is understudied. However, oral health has important implications for overall health and wellbeing. This study addresses this gap by characterizing oral health care utilization in Médecins du Monde (MdM) clinics across mainland Greece from 2016 - 2017. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to estimate proportional morbidities for caries, extraction, developmental, periodontal disease, preventive, and other oral health outcomes. The association between physical health conditions and consultations of interest - upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and reproductive health consultations - and oral health were compared using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Oral health outcomes between Afghans and Syrians were compared using odds ratios and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Caries (39.44%) and extractions (28.99%) were highly prevalent in our study population. The utilization of preventive dental consultations (37.10%) was high, particularly among males. Individuals with at least one upper respiratory tract infection (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.30 - 1.77; Or = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.53 - 2.36) and women and girls with reproductive health consultations (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.66; OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.49 - 2.76) were more likely to have any dental or caries specific consultations. The observed patterns in oral health needs differed between Afghans and Syrians, with Afghans more likely to have preventive screenings and less likely to have caries, extractions, or other conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Displaced populations utilizing MdM dental clinics had high levels of oral health needs, particularly for caries and extractions. The connection between oral and overall health was seen in the study population, and these findings reinforce the public health importance of oral health for improving health and wellbeing of displaced populations. Evidence-informed policy, practice, and programming inclusive of oral health are needed to address both oral and overall health of refugees and asylum seekers in Greece. Future research should investigate not only oral health care needs but also knowledge and beliefs that inform utilization patterns among displaced populations.

Self-perceived oral health in hemato-oncological patients and the relation to quality of life.

PURPOSE: To assess the self-reported oral health and oral health-related quality of life of patients diagnosed with hemato-oncological disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data was collected through a digital questionnaire in collaboration with the Dutch patient organization Hematon. The questionnaires EORTC-QLQ-C30, EORTC-QLQ-OH15, shortened Xerostomia Inventory (XI), and the OHIP-14 were used. RESULTS: Seven hundred five patients were included (52.5% female, mean age 63.2 ± 10.1). The majority was diagnosed more than 2 years ago (86%) and had received treatment (81%) for their disease. Lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma were the most frequent malignancies. Chemotherapy alone, chemotherapy in combination with targeted therapy or immunotherapy, and myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation were the most common treatment modalities. The XI identified that 40.5% met the criteria for xerostomia. Other complaints included mouth soreness and sensitivity, gingival pain and bleeding, problems with teeth or with an ill-fitting denture. Despite reporting oral complaints, most patients experienced a rather good OH-QoL. A high xerostomia score led to a significantly lower OH-QoL. Female gender, history of stem cell transplantation, radiation to head and neck, and multiple daily medication use were significant predictors of xerostomia. CONCLUSION: Patients with hematologic malignancies frequently reported a dry mouth and other oral complaints including mouth soreness and sensitivity, gingival pain and bleeding, and problems with teeth. Despite these oral complaints, most patients experienced a relatively good OH-QoL. Future longitudinal studies are needed, and health professionals should have an active role in providing oral supportive care based on patients' individual needs.

Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing and cross platform messaging application in improving oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviours among pregnant women- A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Body goes through significant hormonal and physiological changes during pregnancy, which could be linked to changes in oral health. Many women are unaware of the negative consequences of poor dental health during and after pregnancy, both for themselves and their children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing (MI) and cross platform messaging application (WhatsApp messenger) for oral health education on the oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviours among pregnant women attending ante natal care. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 84 pregnant women. Simple random sampling was employed to select participants after oral examination. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups (Group 1: Cross-platform messaging application [WhatsApp]; Group 2: MI) using a lottery method. Pregnant women aged 18 years and older, gestational age between 8 and 30 weeks were included. A face-to-face interview and oral examination were conducted to assess baseline knowledge and oral hygiene status. A follow-up examination was conducted after one month of intervention. Inferential statistics, including the chi-square test and independent t-test, were used to compare variables between the two groups. Results: The mean knowledge score at baseline was comparable between Group 1 (WhatsApp) and Group 2 (MI). However, post-intervention, Group 2 showed a significantly higher mean knowledge score compared to Group 1. Post-intervention, Group 2 exhibited a significantly better oral hygiene status compared to Group 1. Significant improvements in oral health behaviours were observed in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggested that while both interventions were effective, MI showed superior results in improving knowledge, oral hygiene status, and oral health behaviours. The personalized and client-centred approach of MI enables participants to explore and resolve ambivalence, promoting a deeper understanding of the importance of oral health during pregnancy. Registration: CTRI ( CTRI/2021/09/036407, 10/09/2021).

The effects of geriatric oral dental health training to dental students on their elderly attitudes.

Objectives: To measure the effect of geriatric oral health education on the attitude of dentistry students towards the elderly. METHODS: The interventional study was conducted in December 2022 at Sivas, and comprised students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkiye in their 4th and 5th academic year. A 20-hour training course was delivered over 3 days by faculty members. Baseline and post-intervention difference was assessed using the Kogan's Attitudes Towards Old People Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. RESULTS: Of the 30 students, 18(60%) were females and 12(40%) were males. The overall mean age was 22.93±1.63 years. Besides, 18(60%) students belonged to 5th year and 12(40%) to the 4th year. The mean Kogan Elderly Attitude Scale score at baseline was 184.13±25.55, while post-intervention it was 195.36±22.36. (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Relevant training was found to have a significant impact on the attitude of dentistry students towards the elderly.

Healthcare accessibility in the prison environment: oral health.

This article aims to assess the importance of caring for oral health among prisoners, as an often-overlooked aspect of general health well-being in prisons. The incidence of oral disease among prisoners compared to the general population is much higher due to many factors such as limited access to dental care, unhealthy lifestyles and overcrowded cells. The research review confirms the need to increase access to dental care and promote hygiene awareness among inmates. Differences between genders and the impact of the length of the sentence on oral health are also pointed out.

The influence of the psychosocial stress on oral health status in the conditions of being in Ukraine during the prolonged state of martial law.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the presence of clinical and biochemical correlations between psycho-emotional stress, level of cortisol and periodontal oral health status of the patients in Ukraine during prolonged martial law. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The comprehensive clinical and laboratory study covered 49 persons, including 20 patients with Gingivitis (40.8%) and 29 with Periodontitis (59.2%). Biochemical blood test was performed to determine the level of "stress hormone" - cortisol. Patients filled out the questionnaire by the method of V. Zung (low mood-subdepression scale) to determine psycho-emotional state in the conditions of prolonged martial law in Ukraine. RESULTS: Results: The research results showed that in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, "stabilization" and "improvement" of the process of patients with Gingivitis was established in 50%, with Periodontitis - only in 41.4% of patients. In 54% of patients, a significant deterioration of clinical indices was established, compared to the indicators before the war. In patients with Periodontitis, РВІ index was 1.33 (0.62-1.43) score, which was not statistically significantly different from the initial level (p>0.05). Biochemical blood tests revealed an increased level of the hormone cortisol in 18% of patients. According to the method by V. Zung scale of mental states, the majority of patients (87%) showed low mood and emotional instability within the medium level (range 2 and 3). Correlation was identified, according to the Spearman coefficient (R=0.39, р<0.05), between scale assessments by V.Zung and the blood level of cortisol. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Psycho-emotional stress is one of the leading pathogenetic factors in the deterioration of oral health status and the development of periodontal diseases, especially in people in Ukraine during prolonged martial law. Indicators of method by V. Zung scale of mental states and the level of cortisol are optimal markers of the need to correct the psycho-emotional state. For patients with increased levels of stress and fear, it is necessary to create special treatment-prevention schemes, taking into account greater attention to motivation to maintain the health of the oral cavity, as well as more frequent hygiene procedures.

Effects of oral health interventions on cognition of people with dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Increasing studies have shown that poor oral health contributes to the progression of dementia. It is meaningful to find out the role of oral health interventions in maintaining people's cognition levels and delaying the progression of dementia. Thus, we conducted this review to summarize the present evidence on the effect of oral health interventions on the cognition change of people with dementia. METHODS: Literature search was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences by two independent reviewers from inception to 6 March 2024. Clinical studies such as randomized controlled trials reporting on the effect of oral health interventions on the cognition of people with dementia were included in this review. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were used to measure cognition level. The mean deviation (MD), generated by subtracting the baseline MMSE score from the MMSE score at follow-up was used to assess the change in cognition. Studies with oral hygiene practice as an oral health intervention were further conducted with a meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 6646 references were identified by the literature search, and 5 studies were eligible to be included in this review. Among the included studies, 4 studies reported the cognition change after having various oral hygiene practice as oral health intervention, while the other study adopted oral exercises as the intervention. Two studies presented positive MD values after intervention provided, indicating improved cognition level at follow-up (MD = 0.6, MD = 0.9, respectively). Another two studies reported less cognition deterioration with smaller absolute MD values in the intervention group, (intervention vs. control, -0.18 vs. -0.75, p < 0.05 and - 1.50 vs. -3.00, p < 0.05, respectively). The random-effect model was selected in the meta-analysis, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 1.71), favoring the intervention group. CONCLUSION: With limited evidence, oral hygiene care may play a positive role in maintaining the cognition level of people with dementia. However, further studies are needed to provide direct evidence on the effectiveness of oral health interventions on oral health conditions as well as cognition status and to disclose the rationale behind it.