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1.
Health Aff (Millwood) ; 43(4): 567-572, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38560807

RESUMO

Among Indigenous women and birthing people, reported rates of perinatal mental health complications are consistently higher than in the general US population. However, perinatal mental health programs and interventions tend to focus on the general population and do not account for the unique experiences and worldviews of Indigenous Peoples. We highlight a collaborative strategy employed by a Montana nonprofit to engage Tribal communities in completing a statewide online resource guide designed to help pregnant and parenting families find resources, including mental health and substance use treatment options, within and beyond their local communities. Based on this strategy, cultural resources relevant to Tribal communities were added to the resource guide. Agencies committed to addressing perinatal mental health disparities among Indigenous populations should consider similar strategies to share power with Tribal communities and collaboratively create culturally congruent programs and interventions.


Assuntos
Índios Norte-Americanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Saúde Mental , Montana
2.
Inhal Toxicol ; 36(3): 158-173, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38583132

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Erionite is a naturally occurring fibrous mineral found in soils in some geographical regions. Known for its potency for causing mesothelioma in the Cappadocia region of Turkey, the erionite fiber has attracted interest in the United States due to its presence in a band of rock that extends from Mexico to Montana. There are few toxicology studies of erionite, but all show it to have unusually high chronic toxicity. Despite its high potency compared to asbestos fibers, erionite has no occupational or environmental exposure limits. This paper takes what has been learned about the chemical and physical characteristics of the various forms of asbestos (chrysotile, amosite, anthophyllite, and crocidolite) and predicts the potency of North American erionite fibers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the fiber potency model in Korchevskiy et al. (2019) and the available published information on erionite, the estimated mesothelioma potency factors (the proportion of mesothelioma mortality per unit cumulative exposure (f/cc-year)) for erionites in the western United States were determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The model predicted potency factors ranged from 0.19 to 11.25 (average ∼3.5), depending on the region. For reference, crocidolite (the most potent commercial form of asbestos) is assigned a potency factor ∼0.5. CONCLUSION: The model predicted mesothelioma potency of Turkish erionite (4.53) falls in this same range of potencies as erionite found in North America. Although it can vary by region, a reasonable ratio of average mesothelioma potency based on this model is 3,000:500:100:1 comparing North American erionite, crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile (from most potent to least potent).


Assuntos
Amianto , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mesotelioma Maligno , Mesotelioma , Zeolitas , Humanos , Asbesto Crocidolita/toxicidade , Asbestos Serpentinas/toxicidade , Amianto Amosita/toxicidade , Mesotelioma/induzido quimicamente , Mesotelioma/epidemiologia , Mesotelioma Maligno/complicações , Amianto/toxicidade , Montana , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia
3.
Environ Health ; 23(1): 40, 2024 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38622704

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Evaluating while accounting for these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health is becoming more important. METHODS: We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on children's respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated healthcare events. The main outcome measure included individual-based address located respiratory-related healthcare visits for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for ages 0-17 from 2017-2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis with distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 14 prior-days modified by temperature or season. RESULTS: For asthma, increases of 1 µg/m3 in PM2.5 exposure 7-13 days prior a healthcare visit date was associated with increased odds that were magnified during median to colder temperatures and winter periods. For LRTIs, 1 µg/m3 increases during 12 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 6-12 days before healthcare visit date was associated with elevated LRTI events, also heightened in median to colder temperatures but no seasonal effect was observed. For URTIs, 1 unit increases during 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 4-10 days prior event date was associated with greater risk for URTIs visits that were intensified during median to hotter temperatures and spring to summer periods. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed, short-term exposure increases of PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three pediatric respiratory healthcare visit categories in a sparsely population area of the inter-Rocky Mountains, USA. PM2.5 in colder temperatures tended to increase instances of asthma and LRTIs, while PM2.5 during hotter periods increased URTIs.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Asma , Infecções Respiratórias , Criança , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/análise , Temperatura , Estações do Ano , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Asma/epidemiologia , Montana/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/análise
4.
Folia Med (Plovdiv) ; 66(1): 114-122, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38426473

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Many chronic somatic and psychiatric diseases are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which have detrimental effects on human health.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Satureja , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Montana , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
5.
Genome Biol Evol ; 16(3)2024 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38482698

RESUMO

Chromosomal inversions may play a central role in speciation given their ability to locally reduce recombination and therefore genetic exchange between diverging populations. We analyzed long- and short-read whole-genome data from sympatric and allopatric populations of 2 Drosophila virilis group species, Drosophila montana and Drosophila flavomontana, to understand if inversions have contributed to their divergence. We identified 3 large alternatively fixed inversions on the X chromosome and one on each of the autosomes 4 and 5. A comparison of demographic models estimated for inverted and noninverted (colinear) chromosomal regions suggests that these inversions arose before the time of the species split. We detected a low rate of interspecific gene flow (introgression) from D. montana to D. flavomontana, which was further reduced inside inversions and was lower in allopatric than in sympatric populations. Together, these results suggest that the inversions were already present in the common ancestral population and that gene exchange between the sister taxa was reduced within inversions both before and after the onset of species divergence. Such ancestrally polymorphic inversions may foster speciation by allowing the accumulation of genetic divergence in loci involved in adaptation and reproductive isolation inside inversions early in the speciation process, while gene exchange at colinear regions continues until the evolving reproductive barriers complete speciation. The overlapping X inversions are particularly good candidates for driving the speciation process of D. montana and D. flavomontana, since they harbor strong genetic incompatibilities that were detected in a recent study of experimental introgression.


Assuntos
Inversão Cromossômica , Drosophila , Animais , Drosophila/genética , Montana , Cromossomo X/genética , Demografia , Especiação Genética
6.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 265(Pt 2): 131009, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38513905

RESUMO

Annona montana mucilage (AMM) is a novel mucilage with unique but limited information. This study investigated the effects of AMM addition on the pasting and rheological properties of wheat starch (WS), corn starch (CS), water caltrop starch (WCS), and lotus rhizome starch (LRS). The addition of AMM generally increased the pasting temperature and peak viscosity, but reduced the setback value of all starches to varying degrees, and the initiation of viscosity-increase for cereal starch/AMM systems during pasting occurred at lower temperatures, accompanied with a distinctive two-stage swelling process as well as lower peak and final hot paste viscosity at 50 °C. AMM significantly increased the pseudoplasticity and entanglement of the systems to varying degrees (LRS > WS > WCS > CS). Under a constant shear rate of 50 s-1, the consistency level was found to fall in honey-like for cereal starch/AMM groups, and honey-like to extremely thick levels for WCS and LRS/AMM groups. Except for the WCS/AMM systems, the storage and loss modulus as well as tan increased with increasing AMM concentration. Short-term retrogradation of starch at 4 °C was pronouncedly retarded by the addition of AMM for WS, CS and WCS groups, but was less affected for LRS group.


Assuntos
Annona , Lotus , Lythraceae , Zea mays , Triticum , Montana , Rizoma , Amido , Polissacarídeos , Viscosidade
7.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep ; 73(10): 219-224, 2024 Mar 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38483842

RESUMO

During March-April 2023, a total of 51 persons reported mild to severe gastrointestinal illness after eating at restaurant A in Bozeman, Montana. The outbreak resulted in multiple severe outcomes, including three hospitalizations and two deaths. After an inspection and temporary restaurant closure, the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services and Montana's Gallatin City-County Health Department collaborated with CDC to conduct a matched case-control study among restaurant patrons to help identify the source of the outbreak. Consumption of morel mushrooms, which are generally considered edible, was strongly associated with gastrointestinal illness. A dose-response relationship was identified, and consumption of raw morel mushrooms was more strongly associated with illness than was consumption of those that were at least partially cooked. In response to the outbreak, educational public messaging regarding morel mushroom preparation and safety was shared through multiple media sources. The investigation highlights the importance of prompt cross-agency communication and collaboration, the utility of epidemiologic studies in foodborne disease outbreak investigations, and the need for additional research about the impact of morel mushroom consumption on human health. Although the toxins in morel mushrooms that might cause illness are not fully understood, proper preparation procedures, including thorough cooking, might help to limit adverse health effects.


Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos , Humanos , Montana/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Restaurantes , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia
8.
PLoS One ; 19(1): e0283265, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38170725

RESUMO

Infectious disease data can often involve complex spatial patterns intermixed with temporal trends. Archetypal Analysis is a method to mine complex spatio-temporal data, and can be used to discover the dynamics of spatial patterns. The application of Archetypal Analysis to epidemiological data is relatively new, and here we present one of the first applications on COVID-19 data from March 13, 2020 to April 26, 2022, for the counties of Montana, USA. We present three views of the data set decomposed with Archetypal Analysis. First, we evaluate the entire 56 county data set. Second, we use a mutual information calculation to remove counties whose dynamics are mainly independent from the other counties, reducing the set to 17 counties. Finally, we analyze the top ten counties in terms of population size to focus on the dynamics in the large cities in the state. For each data set, we analyze four significant disease outbreaks across Montana. Archetypal Analysis uncovers distinct spatial patterns for each outbreak and demonstrates that each has a unique trajectory across the state.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Ortópteros , Animais , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Montana/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Densidade Demográfica , Cidades
9.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 830, 2024 01 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38200017

RESUMO

Understanding pollinator networks requires species level data on pollinators. New photographic approaches to identification provide avenues to data collection that reduce impacts on declining bumblebee species, but limited research has addressed their accuracy. Using blind identification of 1418 photographed bees, of which 561 had paired specimens, we assessed identification and agreement across 20 bumblebee species netted in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota by people with minimal training. An expert identified 92.4% of bees from photographs, whereas 98.2% of bees were identified from specimens. Photograph identifiability decreased for bees that were wet or matted; bees without clear pictures of the abdomen, side of thorax, or top of thorax; bees photographed with a tablet, and for species with more color morphs. Across paired specimens, the identification matched for 95.1% of bees. When combined with a second opinion of specimens without matching identifications, data suggested a similar misidentification rate (2.7% for photographs and 2.5% specimens). We suggest approaches to maximize accuracy, including development of rulesets for collection of a subset of specimens based on difficulty of identification and to address cryptic variation, and focused training on identification that highlights detection of species of concern and species frequently confused in a study area.


Assuntos
Cavidade Abdominal , Armadilhas Extracelulares , Humanos , Animais , Abelhas , Confusão , Coleta de Dados , Montana
10.
PLoS One ; 18(12): e0295823, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38128010

RESUMO

The study of plant root growth in real time has been difficult to achieve in an automated, high-throughput, and systematic fashion. Dynamic imaging of plant roots is important in order to discover novel root growth behaviors and to deepen our understanding of how roots interact with their environments. We designed and implemented the Generating Rhizodynamic Observations Over Time (GROOT) robot, an automated, high-throughput imaging system that enables time-lapse imaging of 90 containers of plants and their roots growing in a clear gel medium over the duration of weeks to months. The system uses low-cost, widely available materials. As a proof of concept, we employed GROOT to collect images of root growth of Oryza sativa, Hudsonia montana, and multiple species of orchids including Platanthera integrilabia over six months. Beyond imaging plant roots, our system is highly customizable and can be used to collect time- lapse image data of different container sizes and configurations regardless of what is being imaged, making it applicable to many fields that require longitudinal time-lapse recording.


Assuntos
Oryza , Robótica , Raízes de Plantas , Montana
11.
J Wildl Dis ; 59(4): 748-752, 2023 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37846918

RESUMO

Elaeophora schneideri is a filarial nematode of North America that occasionally infects aberrant ruminant hosts such as moose (Alces alces). The role E. schneideri plays in clinical morbidity or mortality of moose remains uncertain. We sampled predominantly hunter-killed adult moose (n=127) to characterize the spatial patterns of prevalence and intensity of worms in carotid arteries of moose in Montana. We compared prevalence and intensity of E. schneideri within these moose to a separate sample of adult moose that died of health-related causes (n=34). We found lower prevalence in northwest Montana (0.06) than in the remainder of the state (0.42). We also found both higher prevalence of E. schneideri and higher intensity to be correlated with increased probability of health-related mortality. Our results suggest presence and intensity of E. schneideri correlate with mortality of moose, although the mechanisms of mortality remain uncertain.


Assuntos
Cervos , Animais , Montana/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Ruminantes , América do Norte
12.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 17202, 2023 10 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37821538

RESUMO

Recent research has focused on nanoparticles. Aedes albopictus is a potential vector that transmits fatal diseases. Recently, Phyto-reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were shown to be mosquito larvicides. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Diospyros montana leaf extract, characterize them, and test their efficacy as larvicide and pupicide against Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, determine their duration of effectiveness as a larvicide, identify plant compounds that help to synthesize nanoparticles, and assess their effects on non-target organisms. Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and capsaicin are among the novel reducing and capping agents found in D. montana leaf through LCMS analysis. The color shift and distinctive peak in UV-Vis spectroscopy made it simple to see how biogenic AgNPs were produced by converting Ag+ ions into Ag0. Substantial negative value (- 19.10 mv) of zeta potential demonstrated the long-term stability of AgNPs. A moderate range (8.72 - 50.75 nm) of particle size distribution pattern was obtained using the DLS technique. SEM and TEM images depicted the quasi-spherical (or polyhedral) and spherical shape of the nanoparticles, having approximately 16.75 nm average size. Synthesized AgNPs had a low LC90 value (< 10 ppm) for all larval instars and pupae of Ae. albopictus and had negligible mal effect on non-target organisms. Regression equations showed dose-dependent mortality by the positive correlation between mortality rate and AgNPs concentration, and each time the regression coefficient (R2) value was larger than zero. This study shows that D. montana leaf extract is an environment-friendly and sustainable source of an effective reducing and capping agent to synthesize highly stable, ecologically acceptable silver nanoparticles and their application as mosquitocide.


Assuntos
Aedes , Dengue , Diospyros , Inseticidas , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Animais , Prata/farmacologia , Prata/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Montana , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Inseticidas/química , Mosquitos Vetores , Larva , Folhas de Planta
13.
J Environ Manage ; 345: 118748, 2023 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37666135

RESUMO

Area-based targets, such as percentages of regions protected, are popular metrics of success in the protection of nature. While easily quantified, these targets can be uninformative about the effectiveness of conservation interventions and should be complemented by program impact evaluations. However, most impact evaluations have examined the effect of protected areas on deforestation. Studies that have extended these evaluations to more dynamic systems or different outcomes are less common, largely due to data availability. In these cases, simulations might prove to be a valuable tool for gaining an understanding of the potential range of program effect sizes. Here, we employ simulations of wetland drainage to estimate the impact of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Small Wetlands Acquisition Program (SWAP) across a ten-year period in terms of wetland area, and breeding waterfowl and brood abundance in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana. Using our simulation results, we estimate a plausible range of program impact for the SWAP as an avoided loss of between 0.00% and 0.02% of the carrying capacity for broods and breeding waterfowl from 2008-2017. Despite the low programmatic impact that these results suggest, the perpetual nature of SWAP governance provides promising potential for a higher cumulative conservation impact in the long term if future wetland drainage occurs.


Assuntos
Animais Selvagens , Áreas Alagadas , Animais , Simulação por Computador , Montana
14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37681797

RESUMO

The purpose of this study is to describe sleep, PA, and screen time behaviors among rural American Indian (AI) youth, stratified by sex and grade, to better understand how to address these health behaviors in AI youth. Body composition, a screen time survey, and demographic information were collected from 65 AI youth. Accelerometers were worn for 7 days. Sixty percent were overweight or obese. Sleep did not differ by sex or grade, with an actigraphy-based total sleep time (aTST) of 7.8 h per night. Boys had significantly more light PA (p = 0.002) and vigorous PA (p = 0.01) compared to girls. Screen time did differ by sex but not by grade, with girls in the sixth and seventh grades reporting more screen time than boys, but boys in the eighth grade reporting more screen time than girls. Despite sex differences in screen time, high levels of screen time and obesity and low levels of PA and sleep are a concern in this population.


Assuntos
Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca , Exercício Físico , Tempo de Tela , Duração do Sono , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Montana , Obesidade , Sono , População Rural , Composição Corporal , Acelerometria , Fatores Etários , Fatores Sexuais
15.
Microbiol Res ; 277: 127490, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37722185

RESUMO

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is responsible for the kiwifruit bacterial canker, the most severe disease of Actinidia spp. The use in agriculture of antibiotics and cooper-based compounds is increasingly being restricted, demanding for new sustainable alternatives to current agrochemicals. We aimed to characterize the anti-Psa potential of essential oils (EOs) of Mentha pulegium and Satureja montana and investigate if they elicit the plant-host hormonal defenses. The EOs were characterized through gas-chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (MS). Pulegone (78.6%) and carvacrol (43.5%) were the major constituents of M. pulegium and S. montana EO, respectively. Only S. montana EO showed relevant anti-Psa activity in vitro. To evaluate if the EOs also elicited host defenses, in vitro shoots were treated with 2 mg shoot-1 of EO-solution and subsequently inoculated with Psa three days later. Shoots were analyzed 10 min, three days (and 10 min after Psa-inoculation), four and ten days after EO application. The up/down regulation of RNA-transcripts for hormone biosynthesis, Psa biofilm production and virulence genes were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Phytohormones were quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). S. montana EO showed the most promising results as a defense elicitor, increasing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) by 131.07% and reducing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels by 49.19%. Decreases of salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) levels by 32.55% and 33.09% respectively and an increase of abscisic acid (ABA) by 85.03%, in M. pulegium EO-treated shoots, revealed some protective post-infection effect. This is the most comprehensive research on the Psa's impact on phytohormones. It also unveils the protective influence of prior EO exposure, clarifying the plant hormonal response to subsequent infections. The results reinforce the hypothesis that carvacrol-rich S. montana EO can be a suitable disease control agent against Psa infection. Its dual action against pathogens and elicitation of host plant defenses make it a promising candidate for incorporation into environmentally friendly disease management approaches. Nonetheless, to fully leverage these promising results, further research is imperative to elucidate the EO mode of action and evaluate the long-term efficacy of this approach.


Assuntos
Actinidia , Mentha pulegium , Óleos Voláteis , Satureja , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Pseudomonas syringae , Actinidia/genética , Actinidia/microbiologia , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Montana , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia
16.
MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs ; 48(5): 252-257, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37574693

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Postpartum depression is a well-known maternal health care concern. For women using substances or experiencing underlying mental health conditions, incidence of postpartum depression is higher than that of the general population. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators associated with seeking mental health care among women with substance use disorder or mental health concerns. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Qualitative methods using interviews were conducted via the narrative inquiry approach. Women receiving care at a clinic in rural Montana and reporting substance use or mental health concerns were referred to the research team by the care manager. Participants were at least 18 years of age, English speaking, and pregnant or within 12 months postpartum at time of referral. RESULTS: Twenty-five women met inclusion criteria and were referred for potential study participation. Seven women were interviewed. Four themes on family history, stigmatization, lack of postpartum depression awareness, and isolation were identified. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our findings provide a better understanding of barriers and facilitators to seeking mental health care during pregnancy and postpartum among women living in rural areas with mental health concerns or perinatal substance use. An environment where opportunities for women to receive mental health care in a location that is free of stigma and judgment, while understanding the effects of familial trauma and limited or inconsistent social support, is essential to promote optimal outcomes.


Assuntos
Depressão Pós-Parto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Saúde Mental , Depressão Pós-Parto/terapia , Montana , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Período Pós-Parto
17.
J Clin Rheumatol ; 29(8): 370-374, 2023 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37644647

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Currently, there are 9 states across the United States that do not have a pediatric rheumatologist, including the state of Montana. Patients in these states are often cared for by outreach clinics staffed by pediatric rheumatology (PR) providers from other states or looked after by in-state adult rheumatologists or in-state primary care providers. METHODS: Using a web-based survey, we determined barriers and potential solutions to PR referrals from referring providers (including primary care providers and subspecialists) in Montana state. RESULTS: Eighty-five Montana referring providers responded, with 44% being pediatric physicians and 33% being family medicine physicians. Other respondents were adult rheumatologists, pediatric and family medicine advanced practice providers, orthopedic surgeons, and pediatric subspecialists. Eighty-five percent of providers had previously referred a patient to PR. Referring providers rated difficulty referring MT patients to PR as 27 (on a linear numeric scale of 0-100, with 0 being very difficult) and noted lack of access to local pediatric rheumatologist as the most significant barrier to referral. The top patient barrier as perceived by 95% of providers was travel time. Potential solutions to improve care included presence of local pediatric rheumatologist with 50 miles, development of algorithms for common PR complaints, and outreach clinics. CONCLUSION: Referring providers in Montana report difficulty in referring to PR, with lack of access and travel time being key barriers. Improving access through expanding local PR workforce and increasing access through outreach clinics may help reduce these barriers.


Assuntos
Médicos , Reumatologia , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Montana , Reumatologistas , Encaminhamento e Consulta
18.
Curr Top Med Chem ; 23(16): 1522-1541, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37638613

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van., Artemisia princeps Pamp., and Artemisia montana Pamp., which are the sources of mugwort, have been popular across East Asian countries for nearly 2000 years now. Essential oils are the major chemical component obtained from them, exhibiting a variety of biological activities. OBJECTIVE: This review mainly focuses on the chemical composition and biological activities of A. argyi essential oil (AAEO), A. princeps essential oil (APEO), and A. montana essential oil (AMEO), with a special focus on their common and specific characteristics. The traditional use, distribution, and botany of A. argyi, A. princeps, and A. montana have also been summarized. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of AAEO was involved. METHODS: We collected literature from online and offline databases by entering the following keywords: mugwort, wormwood, A. argyi, A. princeps, A. montana, essential oil, and volatile oil. No language limitation was present in our search. RESULTS: A. argyi, A. princeps, and A. montana were used as traditional medicine, food, and health care products for a long time in Asia. They are widely distributed in most parts of China, Korea, and Japan. AAEO, APEO, and AMEO composed of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their derivatives, alkanes, olefins, etc. Most of the specific compounds of AAEO were monoterpenoids, nearly half of the specific compounds of APEO were aliphatic hydrocarbons, and the sesquiterpenes were the typical specific compounds of AMEO. The mugwort essential oil showed multiple biological activities, such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, anticoagulation, sedative, and insecticide. CONCLUSION: The present review provided insight into the chemical composition and biological activity of AAEO, APEO, and AMEO. The comprehensive literature showed that they possessed wide application prospects in various fields. However, they should be studied in more depth. The underlying bioactive mechanisms should be elucidated and their toxicity and quality control should be determined.


Assuntos
Artemisia , Óleos Voláteis , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Montana , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Alcanos
19.
Sci Total Environ ; 896: 165238, 2023 Oct 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37392877

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Wildfire air pollution is a growing public health concern as wildfires increase in size, intensity, and duration in the United States. The public is often encouraged to stay indoors during wildfire smoke events to reduce exposure. However, there is limited information on how much wildfire smoke infiltrates indoors at residences and what household/behavioral characteristics contribute to higher infiltration. We assessed fine particulate matter (PM2.5) infiltration into Western Montana residences during wildfire season. METHODS: We measured continuous outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations from July-October 2022 at 20 residences in Western Montana during wildfire season using low-cost PM2.5 sensors. We used paired outdoor/indoor PM2.5 data from each household to calculate infiltration efficiency (Finf; range 0-1; higher values indicate more outdoor PM2.5 infiltration to the indoor environment) using previously validated methods. Analyses were conducted for all households combined and for various household subgroups. RESULTS: Median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) daily outdoor PM2.5 at the households was 3.7 µg/m3 (2.1, 7.1) during the entire study period and 29.0 µg/m3 (19.0, 49.4) during a 2-week period in September impacted by wildfire smoke. Median daily indoor PM2.5 at the households was 2.5 µg/m3 (1.3, 5.5) overall and 10.4 µg/m3 (5.6, 21.0) during the wildfire period. Overall Finf was 0.34 (95 % Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 0.33, 0.35) with lower values during the wildfire period (0.32; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.36) versus non-wildfire period (0.39; 95%CI: 0.37, 0.42). Indoor PM2.5 concentrations and Finf varied substantially across household subgroups such as household income, age of the home, presence of air conditioning units, and use of portable air cleaners. CONCLUSIONS: Indoor PM2.5 was substantially higher during wildfire-impacted periods versus the rest of the study. Indoor PM2.5 and Finf were highly variable across households. Our results highlight potentially modifiable behaviors and characteristics that can be used in targeted intervention strategies.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados , Estados Unidos , Material Particulado/análise , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Montana , Estações do Ano , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Fumaça/análise
20.
Biomolecules ; 13(7)2023 07 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37509162

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to establish the potential of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the stabilization of aroma volatile organic compounds from a natural source. Satureja montana was used as a source of volatile components, as it is rich in terpenes of great commercial and biological importance, such as carvacrol, thymol, and thymoquinone, among others. Supercritical CO2 was used to extract the lipophilic fraction of S. montana, which was further directly dispersed in NADES. The stabilizing capacity of seven different NADES based on betaine and glycerol was analyzed. The stability of the components in NADES was monitored by analyzing the headspace profile during 6 months of storage at room temperature. The changes in the headspace profile over time were analyzed by using different statistical and chemometric tools and the Wilcoxon matched pair test. It was determined that alterations over time occurred such as degradation and oxidation, and they were the most prominent in the control. In addition, the indicator of decreased stability of the control was the formation of the new compounds that could compromise the quality of the product. In the stabilized NADES samples, the changes were significantly less prominent, indicating that the NADES had a stabilizing effect on the volatile compounds. According to Wilcoxon matched pair test, the most efficient stability was achieved by using betaine/ethylene glycol, glycerol/glucose, and betaine/sorbitol/water. Therefore, by applying two green solvents, a sustainable approach for obtaining pure and high-quality S. montana extracts with extended stability at room temperature was established.


Assuntos
Glicerol , Satureja , Solventes , Solventes Eutéticos Profundos , Dióxido de Carbono , Betaína , Odorantes , Montana , Extratos Vegetais
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