RESUMO
Anaemia is not a disease in itself. It is a sign of a single or multiple diseases. Anaemia is said to exist when the haemoglobin concentration is below normal for the age and sex of an individual. The synthesis and normal circulatory level of haemoglobin in any given individual depend on factors such as an adequate supply of haemopoietic nutrients, normal functioning of bone marrow, and proper utilization of haemoglobin. Based on these factors anemia can be broadly grouped into three categories: 1. Anaemia due to lack of haemopoietic nutrients (nutritional anemia) 2. Anaemia due to bone marrow dysfunction (aplastic anaemia) 3. Anaemia due to excessive breakdown of red blood cells (haemolytic anaemia) (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Anemias Nutricionais/complicações , Anemia Megaloblástica/classificação , Anemia Megaloblástica/diagnóstico , Anemia Megaloblástica/prevenção & controle , Anemia Aplástica/classificação , Anemia Aplástica/etiologia , Anemia Aplástica/diagnóstico , Anemia Aplástica/tratamento farmacológico , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Anemia Hemolítica/complicações , Anemia Hemolítica/diagnóstico , Anemia Hemolítica/etiologia , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/diagnóstico , Talassemia/diagnóstico , Talassemia/etiologiaRESUMO
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria may be complicated by life-threatening thrombosis. A patient who presented with the classical clinical picture of cerebral sinus thrombosis is described. Management of the condition is discussed. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/complicações , Trombose dos Seios Intracranianos/etiologia , Punção Espinal , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/terapia , Trombose dos Seios Intracranianos/etiologiaRESUMO
Activities of two membrane enzymes, actylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), were studied in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH), and in PNH-like cells produced by treating normal red cells with 2-aminoethyl isothiouronium bromide. AChE activity was low in the patient with PNH, particularly in the youngest red cells, but ATPase activity of whole blood was normal. AChE activity was decreased in PNH-like red cells, but ATPase activity and the activities of cytoplasmic enzymes were unchanged. These findings indicate that only the superficial part, and not the whole, of the red cell membrane is affected by the PNH lesion (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Hemoglobinúria Paroxística/sangue , Acetilcolinesterase/sangue , Acetilcolinesterase/deficiência , Adenosina Trifosfatases/sangue , JamaicaRESUMO
There was delay of from 2 weeks 2 years before the diagnosis of praoxysmal noctural haemoglobinuria (PNH) was confirmed in 6 patients, the first to be describe from Jamaica and the English-speaking Caribbean. Three had nocturnal haemoglobinuria when they presented, but 3 others presented atypically. Then diagnosis would have been established earlier if the acidified serum (Ham) test and the sucrose haemolysis test had been performed earlier. The possibility of PNH should be investigated in patients with aplastic or refractory anaemia, in those in whom increased haemolysis is associated with iron deficiency, and with a variety of other disorders, when common causes are excluded. The pathogenesis of the haemolysis in PNH, and the variety of haematologic changes which may accompany this disorder are discussed (AU)
