RESUMO
In a population-based survey in a defined area in the parish of Clarendon, Jamaica, the prevalence of six types of childhood disabilities was sought. All children aged 2-9 years who screened positive for disability, with 8 per cent of children screening negative (out of a total of 5,468 children), were assessed by a physician and a psychologist. Disabilities were categorised by types and levels of severity. The estimated prevalence rate for all types and levels of disabilities was 93.9 per 1,000 children and for serious disability was 24.9 per 1,000. The rates for specific disabilities showed wide variation (cognitive, 81/1,000; speech, 14/1,000; visual, 11/1,000; hearing, 9/1,000; motor, 4/1,000; seizure, 2/1000). Of the disabled children, 70 per cent had only one disability, 23 per cent had two and 6 per cent had three or four disabilities. If disability is to be seen as a major outcome of a range of interacting factors, then these prevalence rates, taken with the specific aetiologies, would provide a framework for planning preventive and rehabilitative interventions. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Avaliação da Deficiência , Estudos Transversais , Distúrbios da Fala/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Audição/epidemiologia , /epidemiologia , População Rural , Reabilitação , Jamaica , Transtornos MotoresRESUMO
An attempt was made to indicate the neuropharmalogical relationship between Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, tardive dyskinesia and Attentional Deficit Disorder. In the case of the latter, an experimental model has been prersented indicating cholinergic dysfunction in the nigro-striatal pathway. Postulates are proposed which will enable us to understand the many factors responsible for these clinical states. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Ratos , Doença de Huntington/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Motores/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Anfetamina/administração & dosagem , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Cérebro/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Colinesterase/efeitos adversos , Discinesia Induzida por Medicamentos/fisiopatologia , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/fisiologia , Hipercinese/etiologia , Modelos Neurológicos , Neurotransmissores/fisiologia , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Fisostigmina/administração & dosagem , Jamaica , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
In Jamaica, leg ulcers are a major manifestation of sickle cell disease. The chronicity of the lesions is such that education and consequent work potential are seriously affected. Although these lesions rarely cause mortality, they are a major determinant of the morbidity of the disease. (AU)