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4.
Копенгаген; Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Европейское региональное бюро; 2019. (WHO/EURO:2019-3641-43400-60938).
em Russo | WHO IRIS | ID: who-346418

RESUMO

Загрязнение воздуха является второй по значимости причиной смертности от неинфекционных заболеваний (НИЗ) после курения. В 2018 году на Третьем Совещании высокого уровня Генеральной Ассамблеи Организации Объединенных Наций по вопросам профилактики НИЗ и борьбы с ними загрязнение атмосферного воздуха и воздуха в домашних хозяйствах было признано одним из факторов риска развития НИЗ, наряду с нездоровым питанием, употреблением табака, вредным употреблением алкоголя и недостатком физической активности.В 2016 году более 550 000 случаев смерти в Европейском регионе ВОЗ произошло в связи с совместным воздействием загрязнения воздуха в домашних хозяйствах и атмосферном воздухе. К основным НИЗ, связанным с загрязнением воздуха, относятся ишемическая болезнь сердца, инсульт, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и рак легких. Значительный объем эпидемиологических данных связывают загрязнение воздуха с различными последствиями для здоровья, при этом проводятся масштабные исследования для углубления понимания основных механизмов действия.В сложной смеси загрязнителей воздуха твердые частицы являются главной проблемой общественного здравоохранения. Вмешательства по снижению воздействия загрязнения воздуха и улучшению качества воздуха имеют огромный потенциал для укрепления здоровья и способствуют снижению бремени НИЗ. Создание более здоровой окружающей среды для снижения заболеваемости НИЗ может привести к множеству сопутствующих выгод для охраны здоровья человека, окружающей среды и смягчения последствий изменения климата.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Isquemia Miocárdica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde
5.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2019. (WHO/EURO:2019-3641-43400-60937).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-346416

RESUMO

Air pollution is the second leading cause of deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), after tobacco-smoking. In 2018, the third United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs recognized household and outdoor air pollution as a risk factor for NCDs, alongside unhealthy diets, tobacco-smoking, harmful use of alcohol and physical inactivity.More than 550 000 deaths in the WHO European Region in 2016 were attributable to the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution. The main NCDs associated with air pollution include ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. Substantial epidemiological evidence links air pollution with diverse health outcomes, with extensive research conducted to advance understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways.Among the complex mixture of air pollutants, particulate matter is of prime public health concern. Interventions to reduce exposure to air pollution and improve air quality have huge potential in protecting health and contributing to reducing the burden of NCDs. Creating healthier environments for reducing NCDs can result in multiple co-benefits for health, climate change and the environment.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Isquemia Miocárdica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde
6.
Копенгаген; Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Европейское региональное бюро; 2018. (WHO/EURO:2018-3389-43148-60415).
em Russo | WHO IRIS | ID: who-345899

RESUMO

В течение десятилетия, в рамках федеральной программы борьбы с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями в России, услуги по лечению острого коронарного синдрома (ОКС) в Санкт-Петербурге были полностью трансформированы. Это было обусловлено относительно высокой смертностью от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, высокой госпитальной летальностью от ОКС, малодоступностью современных технологий, недостаточным соблюдением руководств, неадекватным качеством медицинского обслуживания и недостаточным финансированием. Комплексная регионализация услуг способствовала обеспечению высокой доступности медицинского обслуживания, эффективности маршрутизации скорой медицинской помощи, высокой степени применения модели оказания медицинских услуг, расширению доступа к технологиям реперфузионной терапии, улучшению соблюдения руководств, а также улучшению качества оказываемой медицинской помощи. Это способствовало снижению госпитальной летальности от ОКС и смертности от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.


Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Isquemia Miocárdica , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Regionalização da Saúde , Reperfusão Miocárdica , Ambulâncias , Federação Russa
7.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2018. (WHO/EURO:2018-3389-43148-60414).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-345898

RESUMO

Within the framework of the Federal Cardiovascular Programme, services for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were transformed over a decade in St Petersburg. It was motivated by a relatively high cardiovascular mortality, high in-hospital mortality from ACS, low availability of modern technologies, low adherence to guidelines, insufficient quality of care and insufficient funding. A comprehensive regionalization of services led to high availability of care, efficacy in ambulance routing, a high degree of implementation of the model of care, increased access to reperfusion technologies, improved adherence to guidelines and improved quality of care. It was associated with a decrease of in-hospital mortality from ACS and a decrease in cardiovascular mortality.


Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Isquemia Miocárdica , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Regionalização da Saúde , Reperfusão Miocárdica , Ambulâncias , Federação Russa
8.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118000

RESUMO

To compare the serum concentrations of IgG to Helicobacter pylori and its virulence factor CagA in patients with ischaemic heart disease [IHD], we recruited 120 patients with IHD [acute myocardial infarction [AMI] [n = 60]; unstable angina [UA] [n = 60]] and 60 sex- and age-matched healthy controls in this study. The seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori IgG was 86.7% in AMI, 91.7% in UA patients and 58.3% in the control group with mean titres of 33.2 U/ml [standard error [SE] 4.76], 57.96 U/ml [SE 7.54] and 25.72 U/ml [SE 4.01] respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori in the patient groups was significantly higher than the control group. The mean levels of anti-H. pylori in the AMI and UA groups were also significantly higher than in the control group. The seroprevalence and mean titre of anti-CagA IgG did not differ significantly between patient and control groups


Assuntos
Imunoglobulina G , Fatores de Virulência , Isquemia Miocárdica , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Infecções por Helicobacter
9.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-117503

RESUMO

We assessed prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, ischaemic heart disease [IHD] and unhealthy lifestyles in 3723 participants aged >/= 25 years in the northern Persian Gulf region; 96.0% had >/= 1 cardiovascular risk factor. Over 60% had unhealthy body weight, only 8.3% ate the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, 70.6% were physically inactive and 19.0% were current smokers. Prevalence of electrocardiogram [ECG] with evidence of IHD was 12.7%. Present or past smoking and truncal obesity were independently associated with IHD ECGs in men, and past or present smoking and obesity in women. Hypertension and diabetes were independently associated with increased risk of IHD ECG


Assuntos
Isquemia Miocárdica , Eletrocardiografia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Obesidade , Fumar , Sobrepeso , Hipertensão , Triglicerídeos , Diabetes Mellitus , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Colesterol , Estilo de Vida
12.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119076

RESUMO

Blood pressure [BP] control and target organ complications [TOC] among 203 hypertensive patients attending a hospital clinic in Abha, Saudi Arabia were studied. Optimal BP control was defined as BP < 140/90 and was achieved in 99 [48.8%] patients. Diuretics and calcium channel blockers were associated with the best rates of BP control while adverse drug reactions were associated with the poorest rates. TOC were classified according to World Health Organization criteria; 62% of patients had no TOC. Retinopathy, renal impairment and left ventricular hypertrophy were the most common stage II complications. Cerebrovascular accidents and ischaemic heart disease were the most common stage III complications


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Diuréticos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda , Nefropatias , Isquemia Miocárdica , Doenças Retinianas , Hipertensão
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