RESUMO
The purpose of this operational considerations document is to: • assist national immunization programmes in establishing and refining a catch-up vaccination strategy, as an essential component of a well-functioning immunization programme, to ensure individuals who have missed their routine vaccine doses can receive their overdue doses at the earliest possible opportunity; • provide practical guidance in operationalizing the global guidance for planning and implementing catch-up vaccination using a structured algorithm.
Assuntos
Vacinação , Imunização , Doenças Preveníveis por Vacina , Programas de Imunização , Esquemas de Imunização , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
In 2001, the measles immunization schedule in Saudi Arabia was changed to 2 measles, mumps and rubella vaccine doses at 12 months and at 6 years. In this follow-up study we evaluated the seroresponse to the second measles dose before school entry. We recruited 138 children randomly from primary health care centres in Qassinn; 124 children completed the study. Blood samples were collected before and 1 month after giving the second measles dose, before the age of 6 years. There was a statistically significant increase in the geometric mean titre of measles antibody, from 2205 m lU/mL before vaccination to 4723 mlU/mL after [P = 0.0001]. The proportion of children with positive ELISA results increased fro++ 94.2% before vaccination to 99.2% after [P = 0.02], while the proportion with protective level [
Assuntos
Imunização Secundária , Esquemas de Imunização , Instituições Acadêmicas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Vacina contra SarampoRESUMO
We made a comparative survey of the poliovirus antibodies [anti-poliovirus type 1, anti-poliovirus type 2 and anti-poliovirus type 3] and the measles antibodies in malnourished but completely vaccinated children [37] and control children [34].The age range was 10 months to 5 years. Immunization in children with protein-energy malnutrition was low for both vaccines. Seroprevalence rates of the polio 1, polio 2, polio 3 antibodies and the measles antibodies in the control group were 94.1%, 97.1%, 91.2% and 82.4% respectively. In malnourished children the respective rates were in some cases significantly lower being: 40.5% [P = 0.001], 59.5% [P = 0.001], 40.5% and 35.1%. Malnutrition is a major determinant of the humoral response to oral polio and measles vaccines and must be given due consideration to prevent vaccination failure
Assuntos
Distribuição por Idade , Anticorpos Antivirais , Formação de Anticorpos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pré-Escolar , Esquemas de Imunização , Vírus do Sarampo , Distribuição por Sexo , Transtornos da Nutrição InfantilRESUMO
This paper describes the measles immunization programme in Saudi Arabia and the change from the single-dose schedule with the Schwartz vaccine to the double-dose schedule with the Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine. The recent measles-mumps-rubella school campaign is also described
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Pré-Escolar , Programas de Imunização , Esquemas de Imunização , Sarampo , Vírus do Sarampo , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Vacinação , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-RubéolaRESUMO
In 1992, Egypt adopted a hepatitis B vaccine schedule at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. We evaluated the long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccination using this schedule in 180 children whose time lapse since last vaccination varied between 1 month and 5 years. None of the participants had clinical hepatitis, HBsAg was not detected in any participant and all but one had negative results for anti-HBc test. Although a high seroprotection rate [93.3%] was elicited 1 month after vaccination, there were low initial anti-HBs concentrations and both declined rapidly over time. Thus, the short interval [2 months] between the second and third doses of vaccine is less desirable in the long term. We recommend booster inoculations for all previously vaccinated children and a new vaccination schedule at 1, 2 and 9 months