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1.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 28(3): 183-189, 2022-03.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-368707

RESUMO

Background: In Turkey, childhood vaccination rates are decreasing in the context of increasingly visible antivaccination movements. Aims: To evaluate the antivaccination movement based on communication experiences between family physicians and antivaccine parents in Turkey. Methods: We conducted 39 face-to-face in-depth interviews with family physicians in Sakarya Province who had experiences of communicating with antivaccine parents during October–December 2019. With the permission of the participants, audio recording was obtained in all interviews except one; these were transcribed verbatim and checked. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data. Results: The most common concern about vaccination was the possible side-effects, followed by the origin of the vaccines, religious concerns and distrust of vaccines. The physicians said they assumed an inquisitive, informative and anxiety-relieving attitude towards antivaccine parents. They said they were able to persuade most parents to vaccinate their children and that highly educated parents or those whose attitudes and behaviours were strongly influenced by their religious leaders were the hardest to convince. Physicians emphasized the importance of trust in increasing vaccine acceptance and noted the need to educate religious leaders and families to introduce mandatory vaccination policies. Conclusion: Parents had various reasons for refusing childhood vaccinations, however, the family physicians used persuasive methods to convince them to accept the vaccinations. Strengthening the communication and persuasive skills of health care professionals regarding vaccination may help increase acceptance of childhood vaccinations.


Assuntos
Movimento contra Vacinação , Médicos de Família , Saúde da Família , Saúde Pública , Atitude , Ansiedade
2.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 27(4): 361-372, 2021-04.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-352545

RESUMO

Background: The attitudes of medical students towards mental illness are important since these students will be providing care to this group in the future. Aims: To assess the beliefs and attitudes of undergraduate medical students regarding mental illness and to compare students at different levels. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students in the College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia, during the 2018–2019 academic years. Male students were included from Years 3–5 (25 from each year) and 25 male interns using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. The participants responded to the Beliefs about Mental Illness (BMI) Scale and the Attitudes towards Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ). Results: Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to conduct between-group comparisons of the year 3 group, who were at the beginning of their psychiatric training, with the other groups with more training. This revealed significant differences in scores for 11 of 21 items on the BMI Scale (P < 0.05). All questions regarding the 4 vignettes of the AMIQ (substance abuse, depression, psychosis, and obsessive-compulsive disorders) showed a significant difference between students in year 3 and those in the other groups who had more psychiatric training (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The current medical psychiatric training positively improved the beliefs and attitudes of medical students towards patients with mental illnesses.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Atitude , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina , Cultura , Estudos Transversais , Estigma Social
3.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 26(6): 668-679, 2020-06.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-368734

RESUMO

Background: Excessive health anxiety can lead to significant disorders such as hypochondriasis. In children, assessment of the severity of health anxiety has been performed using the Childhood Illness Attitudes Scales (CIAS); however, no validated Arabic version of this tool exists. Aims: This study developed and validated an Arabic version of the CIAS questionnaire in Jordan in 2017 to provide a tool to measure the severity of health anxiety in the Arabic-speaking world. Methods: The CIAS was translated from English to Arabic then back-translated by a different translator and the 2 versions were compared before cognitive interviews were conducted. The final version of the questionnaire was circulated to 597 children. Of these, 200 were asked to retake the questionnaire after 10–15 days to evaluate test–retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the 4-factor model suggested by the original questionnaire version was performed. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated. Results: The CFA showed good fit (goodness of fit index = 0.92) with the 4-factor model of fears, help seeking, treatment experience, and symptom effects. Test–retest reliability was high and the model had good discriminant validity and internal consistency. Conclusions: The Arabic version of the CIAS provides a suitable tool to investigate the prevalence and severity of childhood anxiety in the Middle East.


Assuntos
Saúde da Criança , Atitude , Criança , Ansiedade , Psicometria , Doença , Hipocondríase
4.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 26(5): 505-516, 2020-05.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-361483

RESUMO

Background: With the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), health care preparedness has received increasing attention, which requires valid tools to assess the knowledge and attitude of health workers, such as nurses, with regard to this disease.Aims: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a knowledge and attitudes questionnaire on MERS coronavirus for Ira-nian nurses. Methods: A questionnaire was developed based on international and national guidelines and a literature review. Ten nurses were recruited to assess face validity and 11 experts reviewed the instrument to determine the content validity ratio and index. Exploratory factor analysis was then done with a random sample of 155 nurses in Tabriz city, Islamic Republic of Iran. Results: Following determination of face and content validity, 78 items (61 knowledge and 17 attitude) were retained in the final version of the questionnaire. The knowledge scale had an average content validity index of 0.80 and the attitude scale a value of 0.91. In the exploratory factor analysis, five dimensions with eigenvalues > 1 and loading level ≥ 0.4 were extracted for the knowledge scale (46 items) and two for the attitude scale (16 items). The Kuder–Richardson 21 coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient for the knowledge scale were 0.94 and 0.91 respectively. In the attitude scale, the Cronbach alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.82 and 0.89 respectively. Conclusions: The scale developed in this study is reliable and stable and a suitable instrument for evaluating the knowl-edge and attitude of nurses about MERS-CoV.


Contexte : Avec l'émergence du Syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS), une attention croissante a été accordée à la préparation en matière de soins de santé, nécessitant des outils valables pour évaluer les connaissances et les attitudes vis-à-vis de cette maladie chez les agents de santé, tels que les personnels infirmiers. Objectifs : La présente étude visait à mettre au point et à évaluer un questionnaire sur les connaissances et attitudes vis-à-vis du coronavirus du Syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV) à l’attention des personnels infirmiers iraniens. Méthodes : Un questionnaire a été préparé sur la base des directives internationales et nationales et d’une revue de la littérature. Dix membres du personnel infirmier ont été recrutés pour évaluer la validité apparente et 11 experts ont examiné l'instrument pour déterminer le ratio et l'indice de validité du contenu. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire a ensuite été réalisée sur un échantillon aléatoire de 155 personnels infirmiers dans la ville de Tabriz, en République islamique d'Iran. Résultats : Après avoir déterminé la validité apparente et du contenu, 78 items (61 pour les connaissances et 17 pour les attitudes) ont été retenus dans la version finale du questionnaire. L'échelle des connaissances avait un indice de validité du contenu moyen de 0,80 et l'échelle d’attitudes une valeur de 0,91. À l'analyse factorielle exploratoire, cinq dimensions ayant des valeurs propres supérieures à 1 et un coefficient de saturation supérieur ou égal à 0,4 ont été extraites pour l'échelle des connaissances (46 items) et deux pour l'échelle d'attitudes (16 items). Le coefficient de Kuder-Richardson formule 21 et le coefficient de corrélation intra-classe pour l'échelle des connaissances étaient respectivement de 0,94 et 0,91. Dans l'échelle d'attitudes, le coefficient alpha de Cronbach et le coefficient de corrélation intra-classe étaient respectivement de 0,82 et 0,89. Conclusions : L'échelle mise au point dans cette étude est fiable et stable. Elle constitue également un instrument approprié pour évaluer les connaissances et les attitudes des personnels infirmiers au sujet du MERS-CoV.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis , Coronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Conhecimento , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Atitude , Irã (Geográfico) , Região do Mediterrâneo
5.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 26(5): 539-546, 2020-05.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-361434

RESUMO

Background: Clinical trials are important to improve public health care. However, recruiting participants for trials can be difficult. Aims: This study assessed public knowledge of and willingness to participate in clinical trials in Jordan and examine the sociodemographic characteristics associated with knowledge and willingness and the reasons behind unwillingness to participate.Methods: The questions were part of a representative, population-based survey in 2011 that included 3196 Jordanian in-dividuals. In a home-based interview, participants were asked about: sociodemographic characteristics, and knowledge of and participation in clinical trialsResults: Only 21.8% of respondents knew what a clinical trial was and (1.2%) had participated in a trial. About 25% of re-spondents indicated their willingness to enrol in a trial. Significantly more men (24.1%) than women (19.3%) knew what clinical trials were (P < 0.001), whereas more women (4.3%) than men (2.9%) said they would be very likely to agree to participate in trials. People aged 40–49 years had better knowledge of and greater willingness to participate in trials than other age groups. Income was positively associated with knowledge of trials but negatively associated with willingness to participate. Higher education was positively correlated with knowledge of and willingness to take part in trials. The main reasons for not participating in trials were concern about the risk to own health (61.1%) and not being convinced about the outcome and benefits of clinical trials (29.7%). Conclusion: The low level of knowledge of and willingness to participate in clinical trials indicates that strategies are needed to educate the public about the nature and importance of clinical trials.


Contexte : Les essais cliniques sont importants pour améliorer les soins de santé publique. Cependant, le recrutement des participants pour ces essais peut s’avérer difficile. Objectifs : La présente étude visait à évaluer la connaissance publique des essais cliniques et la volonté d’y participer en Jordanie, et à examiner les caractéristiques sociodémographiques associées, ainsi que les raisons expliquant leur réponse négative.Méthodes : Les questions ont été posées dans le cadre d’une enquête en population représentative menée en 2011 auprès de 3 196 Jordaniens. Lors d’un entretien conduit à domicile, des questions ont été posées aux participants sur leurs caractéristiques sociodémographiques, leur connaissance des essais cliniques et leur participation à ces derniers. Résultats : Seuls 21,8 % des personnes interrogées savaient ce qu’est un essai clinique, et 1,2 % d’entre elles avait déjà participé à ce type d’essai. Près de 25 % des personnes interrogées ont signifié leur volonté de participer à un essai clinique. Les hommes étaient significativement plus nombreux (24,1 %) que les femmes (19,3 %) à savoir ce qu’est un essai clinique (p < 0,001). À l’inverse, davantage de femmes (4,3 %) que d’hommes (2,9 %) ont indiqué être très susceptibles d’accepter de participer à des essais cliniques. Les personnes âgées de 40 à 49 ans avaient une meilleure connaissance des essais cliniques et une plus grande volonté d’y participer que les autres groupes d’âge. Les revenus étaient associés de façon positive à la connaissance des essais cliniques, mais de façon négative à la volonté d’y participer. Un niveau d’éducation élevé avait une corrélation positive avec la connaissance des essais cliniques et la volonté d’y participer. Les principaux motifs de non-participation aux essais étaient l’inquiétude concernant le risque pour la santé personnelle (61,6 %) et le fait de ne pas être convaincu des résultats et du bénéfice des essais cliniques (29,7 %). Conclusion : Le faible degré de connaissance et de volonté de participer à des essais cliniques indique que des stratégies de sensibilisation du grand public à la nature et à l’importance des essais cliniques sont nécessaires.


Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Conhecimento , Atitude , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Jordânia , Região do Mediterrâneo
6.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 26(4): 374-381, 2020-04.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-361453

RESUMO

Background: Foodborne diseases are of public health importance worldwide. Most of the factors related to their occur-rence are the responsibility of food handlers.Aims: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices of food handlers in Sohag Gov-ernorate about food safety and the factors affecting their knowledge, attitudes and practices.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from May 2016 to March 2017 with food handlers working in cafeterias, restaurants, food establishments and roadside food stands from four randomly selected districts in Sohag Governorate. A questionnaire was used to collect data on their sociodemographic characteristics – age, sex, residence (urban, rural), education (illiterate, primary, preparatory, secondary, university) and job (cook, assistant) – and food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices.Results: Of the 994 food handlers included in the study, 39.2% had good knowledge of food safety, 61.2% had positive atti-tudes and 56.3% reported good food safety practices. In univariate logistic regression, most of the variables were signifi-cantly associated with participants’ knowledge. Only residence and education were significantly associated with positive attitudes. None of the variables was significantly associated with participants’ practices. In multivariable logistic regres-sion analysis, age, male sex, urban residence, higher education and working as a cook were strongly associated with good knowledge. Residence and education significantly influenced positive attitudes.Conclusion: Food handlers in our sample had poor knowledge of food safety and inadequate compliance with food safety practices. Educational and training programmes should be implemented to improve their knowledge, attitudes and prac-tices.


Contexte : Les maladies d’origine alimentaire constituent un enjeu de santé publique majeur dans le monde entier. La plupart des facteurs liés à leur survenue relève de la responsabilité des personnes qui manipulent des denrées alimentaires.Objectifs : La présente étude avait pour objectif de déterminer les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques auto‑déclarées des manipulateurs de denrées alimentaires dans le gouvernorat de Sohag en matière de sécurité sanitaire des aliments et les facteurs affectant ces éléments. Méthodes : Une étude transversale a été réalisée entre mai 2016 et mars 2017 auprès des manipulateurs de denrées alimentaires dans des cafétérias, des restaurants, des établissements de restauration et sur des stands alimentaires en bordure de route de quatre districts du gouvernorat de Sohag, sélectionnés de façon aléatoire. Un questionnaire a été utilisé pour recueillir les données portant sur les caractéristiques sociodémograhiques – âge, sexe, lieu de résidence (urbain, rural), niveau d’éducation (analphabète, niveau primaire, collège, lycée, enseignement supérieur et profession (cuisinier, commis) – ainsi que sur les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques en matière de sécurité sanitaire des aliments.Résultats : Sur les 994 personnes qui manipulent des denrées alimentaires ayant participé à l’étude, 39,2 % avaient une bonne connaissance de la sécurité sanitaire des aliments, 61,2 % montraient une attitude positive et 56,3 % faisaient état de pratiques satisfaisantes à cet égard. Dans la régression logistique univariée, la plupart des variables étaient fortement associées aux connaissances des participants. Seuls la résidence et le niveau d’éducation étaient nettement associés à des attitudes positives. Aucune des variables n’était significativement associée aux pratiques des participants. À l’analyse de régression logistique multivariée, l’âge, l’appartenance au sexe masculin, la résidence en milieu urbain, un niveau d’éducation supérieur et un emploi de cuisinier étaient fortement associés à une bonne connaissance. Le lieu de résidence et le niveau d’éducation avaient une influence significative sur les attitudes positives.Conclusions : Dans notre échantillon, les manipulateurs de denrées alimentaires avaient des connaissances limitées en matière de sécurité sanitaire des aliments et ne respectaient pas les bonnes pratiques dans ce domaine. Des programmes d’éducation et de formation devraient être mis en œuvre afin d’améliorer les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques.


Assuntos
Doenças não Transmissíveis , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos , Higiene , Saúde Ocupacional , Atitude , Egito , Região do Mediterrâneo
7.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 26(4): 435-442, 2020-04.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-361450

RESUMO

Background: Saudi Arabia is considered the epicentre of MERS-CoV. Since 2012, a total of 1844 cases of MERS-CoV have been reported. A recent cluster, with 8 cases, has been reported in Najran region in the south-western region of the coun-try. This analysis of data from that region on health care workers (HCWs) awareness and attitudes towards the prevention and control of MERS-CoV may be useful when planning health education programmes about this emerging infectious disease. Aims: We aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of HCWs toward MERS-CoV in south-western Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on HCWs in primary health care centres and hospitals at Najran. A questionnaire containing 14 knowledge and 8 attitude items was completed by all 870 participants. Results: Overall, > 80% of HCWs were aware about MERS-CoV etiology, mode of transmission, risk factors, and signs and symptoms. Knowledge scores revealed 51% of participants had sufficient knowledge. Physicians and nurses had signifi-cantly better knowledge compared with other HCWs (P = 0.001). Participants who worked at institutions with established infection control programme scored significantly better on knowledge questions (P = 0.001). Concerning attitude, > 70% of HCWs exhibited a positive attitude toward MERS-CoV. Conclusion: the HCWs in Najran region showed a high level of knowledge and positive attitude toward MERS-CoV. There was a noticeable difference in knowledge level between different professions. Periodic educational interventions and pro-fessional campaigns are still needed. Any interventions should be directed towards the non-physician and non-nursing professions.


Contexte : L’Arabie saoudite est considérée comme étant l’épicentre du MERS-CoV. Depuis 2012, un total de 1844 cas de MERS-CoV ont été déclarés. Récemment, un groupe de huit cas a été notifié dans la région de Najran dans le sud-ouest du pays. La présente analyse des données de cette région portant sur le niveau de sensibilisation et les attitudes des agents de santé vis-à-vis de la lutte contre le MERS-CoV et de sa prévention peut être utile dans le cadre de la planification des programmes d’éducation sanitaire concernant cette maladie infectieuse émergente. Objectifs : Notre objectif était d’examiner les connaissances et les attitudes des agents de santé vis-à-vis du MERS-CoV dans le sud-ouest de l’Arabie saoudite. Méthodes : La présente étude transversale a été menée auprès d’agents de santé dans les centres de soins de santé primaires et les hôpitaux de Najran. Un questionnaire contenant 14 items sur les connaissances et 8 items sur les attitudes a été rempli par les 870 participants. Résultats : Globalement, plus de 80 % des agents de santé avaient des connaissances sur l’étiologie, le mode de transmission, les facteurs de risque ainsi que sur les signes et les symptômes du MERS-CoV. Les scores de connaissance ont montré que 51 % des participants avaient un niveau suffisant. Les médecins et les personnels infirmiers présentaient un niveau de connaissance significativement plus élevé que les autres aux agents de soins de santé (p = 0,001). Les participants qui travaillaient dans des institutions dotées d’un programme de lutte contre les infections bien établi obtenaient des scores significativement plus élevés aux questions portant sur les connaissances (p = 0,001). S’agissant des attitudes, plus de 70 % des agents de santé ont montré une attitude positive vis-à-vis du MERS-CoV. Conclusion : les agents de santé de la région de Najran faisaient preuve d’un niveau élevé de connaissances et avaient une attitude positive vis-à-vis du MERS-CoV. On a observé une différence non négligeable concernant le niveau de connaissances entre les différentes professions. Des interventions éducatives et des campagnes périodiques à l’intention des professionnels demeurent nécessaires. Toute intervention devrait cibler les membres du personnel soignant qui ne sont ni médecins ni infirmiers.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis , Coronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Conhecimento , Atitude , Educação em Saúde , Arábia Saudita , Região do Mediterrâneo
8.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 25(6): 406-412, 2019-06.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-361464

RESUMO

Background: The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is widespread in Sudan. Over the years, the government, civil society and the international community implemented multiple interventions to address the issue. However, due to a number of cultural and educational factors, this harmful practice continues.Aims: This study aimed to assess the effects of a secondary school-based health education intervention on the knowledge and attitude of female students towards FGM in Sudan.Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study in Karary Locality, Khartoum State, Sudan. A multistage sampling technique was used to determine targeted schools. Within the schools, students of two randomly selected classes received the intervention. The study included three phases; in the pre-intervention phase, data were collected from the totality of students (154 students) using a pre-tested questionnaire, after which students received health education sessions. The same questionnaire was used to re-collect the data in a post-intervention phase 6 weeks later.Results: The participants were between 14 to 17 years old, 30.3% of which were subjected to FGM. The main source of in-formation about FGM was family and friends (41.1%). The majority of participants had a negative attitude towards FGM. The means of knowledge and attitude scores increased from 8.63 (SD=2.562) and 5.76 pre-intervention (SD=1.937) to 11.99 (SD=2.264) and 6.53 post-intervention (SD=1.164), respectively.Conclusions: School-based health education has a positive impact on both knowledge and attitude of female students towards FGM in Sudan. As such, introducing health education about the complications of FGM in curricula of secondary schools in Sudan has the potential to improve students’ knowledge and attitude. Ultimately, such interventions can help reduce the prevalence of the practice when students become responsible for future families.


Contexte : La pratique des mutilations sexuelles féminines est très répandue au Soudan. Au fil des ans, le gouvernement, la société civile et la communauté internationale ont mis en œuvre de multiples interventions pour s’attaquer à ce problème. Toutefois, en raison d’un certain nombre de facteurs culturels et éducatifs, cette pratique néfaste perdure.Objectifs : La présente étude visait à évaluer les effets d’une intervention d’éducation sanitaire dans des écoles secondaires sur les connaissances et l’attitude des élèves filles face aux mutilations sexuelles féminines au Soudan.Méthodes : Nous avons mené une étude quasi-expérimentale dans la localité de Karary, dans l’État de Khartoum au Soudan. Une technique d’échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés a été utilisée pour déterminer les écoles ciblées. Dans les écoles, les élèves de deux classes choisies de manière aléatoire ont bénéficié de l’intervention. L’étude comportait trois phases ; dans la phase pré-intervention, les données ont été recueillies auprès de l’ensemble des élèves (154 élèves) à l’aide d’un questionnaire prétesté, à la suite de quoi les élèves ont bénéficié de séances d’éducation sanitaire. Le même questionnaire a été utilisé pour collecter à nouveau des données dans une phase post-intervention six semaines plus tard.Résultats : Les participantes étaient âgées de 14 à 17 ans, dont 30,3 % avaient subi une mutilation sexuelle. La principale source d’information sur ces mutilations était la famille et les amis (41,1 %). La majorité des participantes avaient une attitude négative à l’égard des mutilations sexuelles féminines. Les moyennes des notes relatives aux connaissances et aux attitudes sont passées de 8,63 (écart-type = 2,562) et 5,76 avant l’intervention (écart-type = 1,937) à 11,99 (écart-type = 2,264) et 6,53 après l’intervention (écart-type = 1,164), respectivement.Conclusions : L’éducation sanitaire en milieu scolaire a un impact positif sur les connaissances et l’attitude des élèves filles face aux mutilations sexuelles au Soudan. Ainsi, l’introduction de l’éducation sanitaire concernant les complications des mutilations sexuelles féminines dans les programmes des écoles secondaires au Soudan permet potentiellement d’améliorer les connaissances et l’attitude des élèves. En fin de compte, de telles interventions peuvent aider à réduire la prévalence de la pratique lorsque les élèves deviennent responsables de futures familles.


Assuntos
Saúde da Mulher , Circuncisão Feminina , Educação em Saúde , Instituições Acadêmicas , Atitude , Estudantes , Conhecimento , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados não Aleatórios como Assunto , Sudão , Região do Mediterrâneo
9.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 25(4): 225-229, 2019-04.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-361493

RESUMO

Background: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is an illegal tradition commonly practiced in Sub-Saharan Af-rica and the Middle East. Despite a globalized world and developing social media, this harmful practice is currently still being implemented. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the opinions of university students regarding FGM/C.Methods: This descriptive study included 821 students who studied at Nyala University, Sudan, in January 2016. The stu-dents were questioned for the following: age, faculty, reasons for female circumcision, effects of female circumcision on female sexual functions and their views about the circumcision for their daughter. Results: The rate of FGM/C among female university students was 80.1%. Although 73% of the male students prefer to marry uncircumcised women, they also reported that FGM/C should be continued to be performed, and their future daughters should be circumcised (64.5%). Female students were against FGM/C for their future daughters (77.6%). Conclusions: This study shows that even educated individuals demand FGM/C in spite of knowing the harm. It is there-fore suggested continuing educational studies on this subject.


Contexte : Les mutilations sexuelles féminines/l’excision constituent une tradition illégale dont la pratique est courante en Afrique subsaharienne et au Moyen-Orient. En dépit de la mondialisation et du développement des médias sociaux, cette pratique néfaste est toujours en cours de nos jours. Objectifs : Notre objectif consistait à évaluer l’opinion des étudiants de l’université concernant les mutilations sexuelles féminines/l’excision.Méthodes : La présente étude descriptive a été effectuée auprès de 821 étudiants inscrits à l’Université de Nyala (Soudan), en janvier 2016. Les étudiants ont été interrogés sur les points suivants : âge, faculté, raisons justifiant l’excision, conséquences de cette mutilation sur les fonctions sexuelles de la femme et leur opinion concernant cette pratique pour leurs filles. Résultats : Parmi les étudiantes, le taux de mutilations sexuelles féminines/de l’excision était de 80,1 %. Bien que 73 % des étudiants de sexe masculin déclarent préférer se marier avec des femmes non excisées, ils affirment également que la pratique des mutilations sexuelles féminines devrait être perpétuée et que leurs futures filles devraient être excisées (64,5 %). Les étudiantes se prononçaient contre la pratique des mutilations sexuelles/de l’excision pour leurs futures filles (77,6 %). Conclusion : Cette étude montre que même les individus éduqués exigent la pratique des mutilations sexuelles féminines/de l’excision, bien qu’ils en connaissent la dangerosité. Nous recommandons donc de poursuivre les études à visée éducative sur ce sujet.


Assuntos
Saúde da Mulher , Circuncisão Feminina , Universidades , Estudantes , Atitude , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Sudão , Região do Mediterrâneo
10.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2018. (WHO/EURO:2018-3053-42811-59744).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-345652

RESUMO

HEN publishes synthesis reports which aim to support public health decision-makers in the WHO EuropeanRegion to formulate health policies based on the best available evidence. To understand how each HENsynthesis report is disseminated, shared, discussed and used, and then contributes to public health decision making, the HEN Secretariat analyses the uptake of each report. The HEN Secretariat assesses the short- andlong-term (up to one year) reach of each HEN report and summarizes the findings in a brief format.


Assuntos
Narração , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Projetos de Pesquisa , Atitude , Cultura , Atenção à Saúde , Política de Saúde
11.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 21(6): 403-411, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-255111

RESUMO

من المتوقع أن يرتفع انتشار نخر الأسنان في العديد من البلدان النامية بسبب تزايد استهلاك السكريات. ولقد هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم المعارف والاتجاهات والممارسات المتعلقة باستهلاك الأطعمة والأشربة الحلوة لدى أطفال المدارس في جازان بالمملكة العربية السعودية، وإلى تحديد علاقة ذلك بتسوس الأسنان. ففي دراسة وصفية مقطعية تم تقييم 853 طفلاً تتراوح أعمارهم بين 6-15 سنة [520 فتى و 333 فتاة]، وذلك باستخدام استبيان وفحوص سريرية. فكان انتشار التسوس [ 1 DMFT/dft >/= الأسنان المنخورة والمقلوعة والمحشوة ..] مرتفعاً [91.3%]. وعلى الرغم من أن المعرفة كانت جيدة عموماً فإن 83.5% من الفتيان و 85.8% من الفتيات كانت اتجاهاتهم نحو الأطعمة الحلوة سيئة، وكان %90 <منهم يستهلكون الأطعمة/الأشربة الحلوة بكثرة. وأظهر تحليل التحوف المتعدد أن الأطفال الذين كانت أمهاتهم أقل تعليماً [OR 2.46;%95 CI:1.15-5.28]والأطفال الذين لديهم اتجاهات وممارسات تغذوية سيئة [OR 4.05;%95 CI:2.33-7.03 OR 7.80;%95 CI:4.50-13.52 على التوالي]كانوا أكثر عرضة لتسوس الأسنان. تحتاج جازان إلى برامج لتعزيز الصحة موجهة توجيهاً جيداً


The prevalence of dental decay is expected to rise in many developing countries due to the growing consumption of sugars. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of sweet food and beverage consumption among schoolchildren in Jazan, Saudi Arabia and to determine the relationship with dental caries. In a cross-sectional, descriptive study 853 children aged 6–15 years (520 boys and 333 girls) were assessed by questionnaire and clinical examinations. Caries prevalence (≥ 1 dft/DMFT) was high (91.3%). While knowledge was generally good, 83.5% boys and 85.8% girls had poor attitudes to sweet foods and > 90% frequently consumed sweet foods/beverages. Multiple regression analysis showed that children whose mothers were less educated (OR 2.46; 95% CI: 1.15–5.28)and children with poor dietary attitudes and practices (OR 4.05; 95% CI: 2.33–7.03 and OR 7.80; 95% CI: 4.50–13.52 respectively) were more likely to have dental caries. Well-directed health promotion programmes are needed in Jazan.


Dans de nombreux pays en développement, la prévalence des caries dentaires devrait augmenter en raison de la consommation croissante de sucres. La présente étude visait à évaluer les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en matière de consommation d'aliments et de boissons sucrés chez des écoliers de Jazan (Arabie saoudite), et à déterminer leur lien avec les caries dentaires. Dans une étude descriptive et transversale, 853 enfants âgés de 6 à 15 ans (520 garçons et 333 filles) ont été évalués à l'aide d'un questionnaire et d'examens cliniques. La prévalence de caries (1 ≥ indice des dents cariées, absentes ou obturées) était forte (91,3 %). Si le niveau de connaissances était élevé en général, 83,5 % des garçons et 85,8 % des filles avaient de mauvaises attitudes face aux aliments sucrés et plus de 90 % en consommaient fréquemment. Une analyse de régression multiple a démontré que les enfants dont les mères avaient un niveau d'études plus faible (OR 2,46 ; IC à 95 % : 1,15–5,28) mais aussi ceux ayant de mauvaises attitudes et pratiques (OR 4,05 ; IC à 95 % : 2,33–7,03 et OR 7,80 ; IC à 95 % : 4,50–13,52 respectivement) étaient plus à risque de présenter des caries dentaires. Des programmes de promotion de la santé convenablement ciblés sont nécessaires à Jazan.


Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Bebidas , Conhecimento , Atitude , Prevalência , Países em Desenvolvimento , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Testes de Química Clínica , Arábia Saudita
12.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 20(11): 717-725, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-255397

RESUMO

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of spousal violence among Saudi women and document the related health effects and injuries, as well as their attitudes to gender and violence. Structured interviews were conducted with 200 ever-married women recruited from primary-care centres in Jeddah. Nearly half of the surveyed women [44.5%] reported ever experiencing physical violence from their spouse.Although 37 women [18.5%] had received violence-related injuries, only 6.5% had reported these injuries to a health-care provider. Victims of spousal violence had poor perceptions of their overall health,and reported pain or discomfort, antidepressant use and suicidal thoughts.Women mostly disagreed with the presented justifications for wife- beating.However,the association between gender attitudes and spousal violence was not significant. The results of this study support calls for integration of education about partner violence into health-care curricula to enhance the access and quality of services


La présente étude visait à examiner la fréquence de la violence physique infligée par les conjoints à des femmes saoudiennes et de documenter les effets sur la santé et les traumatismes qui y sont liés,ainsi que leurs attitudes vis-à-vis du sexisme et de la violence. Des entretiens structurés ont été menés auprès de 200 femmes ayant déjà été mariées, recrutées dans des centres de soins de santé primaires à Djedda. Près de la moitié des femmes ayant participé à l'enquête [44,5 %] ont déclaré avoir déjà été victimes de violence conjugale. Pourtant, si 37 femmes [18,5 %] ont présenté des traumatismes liés à la violence physique infligée par leur conjoint, seules 6,5 % avaient consulté un prestataire de soins de santé pour ce motif. Les victimes de violence conjugale avaient une perception médiocre de leur état de santé en général et affirmaient souffrir de douleur et de gêne, consommer des antidépresseurs et avoir des idées suicidaires. Les femmes interrogées étaient le plus souvent en désaccord avec les justifications proposées pour la violence conjugale. Toutefois, l'association entre les attitudes sexistes et la violence conjugale n'était pas significative. Les résultats de cette étude confirment la nécessité d'inclure une formation sur la violence conjugale dans les programmes d'études sur les soins de santé afin d'accroître l'accès aux services et leur qualité


Assuntos
Violência Doméstica , Cônjuges , Mulheres , Violência , Atitude
13.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 20(12): 820-827, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-255333

RESUMO

Despite the importance of cultural competence in health care, there has been no research to develop a framework for cultural competence in the Iranian context. This qualitative study at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences aimed to elucidate the views of medical faculty staff on the components of cross-cultural competence and compare these with similar studies published in English. Using a combination of archival studies, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions among faculty members 3 major domains [knowledge, attitude and behaviour] and 21 components were identified to describe the cross-cultural competence of faculty members in medical schools. Participants expressed the importance of knowledge as a precursor to changing attitudes and the 6 knowledge components related to knowledge and awareness of values, beliefs and norms of different ethnic, racial and cultural groups. Experts mostly emphasized the importance of interaction between faculty members and clients [students and patients]


Malgré l'importance de la compétence culturelle en soins de santé, il n'existe pas de recherche visant à établir un cadre pour la compétence culturelle dans le contexte iranien. La présente étude qualitative à l'Université des sciences médicales de Mashhad visait à élucider les points de vue du personnel de la faculté de médecine sur les composantes de la compétence interculturelle et à les comparer à des études similaires publiées en langue anglaise.E l'aide d'une association d'études d'archives, d'entretiens semistructurés et de groupes de discussions thématiques impliquant les membres de la faculté, trois domaines principaux [les connaissances, les attitudes et les comportements] ont été dégagés et 21 composantes ont été identifiées pour décrire la compétence interculturelle à acquérir par les membres des facultés de médecine. Les participants ont insisté sur l'importance des connaissances comme élément précurseur permettant une évolution des attitudes et sur les six composantes dans ce domaine liées à la connaissance des valeurs, des croyances et des normes dans différents groupes ethniques, raciaux et culturels et à la sensibilisation en la matière. Les experts ont surtout souligné l'importance de l'interaction entre les membres de la faculté et les clients [les étudiants et les patients]


Assuntos
Competência Cultural , Docentes de Medicina , Conhecimento , Atitude , Comportamento
14.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 20(12): 812-819, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-255332

RESUMO

The relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry has ethical implications for patient care. This study examined knowledge and attitudes towards the pharmaceutical industry,and associations with actual behaviour, among physicians working in Saudi Arabia. In a cross-sectional study in 2012, a 100-point score was created from 17 5-point Likert-scale questions to assess knowledge and attitudes. The overall score of 659 participants was 63.1 [SD 8.5], with a majority holding a generally positive attitude. Higher [i.e.better] scores were significantly associated with a lack of interactions with the pharmaceutical industry and with refusal of gifts but not with education about ethics. In multivariate analysis, refusing gifts, additional income and Saudi nationality remained independently associated with higher scores. Overall,there was suboptimal knowledge and a generally positive attitude towards the pharmaceutical industry among the sample of physicians in Saudi Arabia


Les relations entre les médecins et l'industrie pharmaceutique ont des implications éthiques pour les soins aux patients. La présente étude a examiné les connaissances et les attitudes envers l'industrie pharmaceutique, ainsi que les associations avec les comportements réels chez des médecins exerçant en Arabie saoudite. Dans une étude transversale menée en 2012, un score sur 100 a été créé à partir de 17 questions sur une échelle de Likert en 5 points visant à évaluer les connaissances et les attitudes. Le score global des 659 participants était de 63,1 [ET 8,5], la majorité ayant généralement une attitude positive. Les scores les plus élevés [c'est-à-dire les meilleurs scores] étaient nettement associés à une absence d'interactions avec l'industrie pharmaceutique et le refus de cadeaux,mais n'étaient pas liés à une formation sur l’éthique.E l'analyse multivariée, le refus de cadeaux,des revenus supplémentaires ainsi que la nationalité saoudienne étaient des facteurs indépendamment associés à des scores plus élevés.Globalement, les connaissances étaient sous-optimales et l'attitude envers l'industrie pharmaceutique était généralement positive au sein de l'échantillon de médecins répondeurs en Arabie saoudite


Assuntos
Indústria Farmacêutica , Médicos , Atitude , Conhecimento , Estudos Transversais
15.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 20(12): 765-773, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-255325

RESUMO

Tobacco smoking is an emerging problem among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates [UAE]. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of current tobacco use and its associated factors among school students in Dubai Emirate and to determine the impact of an intervention programme on knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use. A school-based intervention programme was carried out among 2457 students aged 10-20 years and data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Of the students, 14.6% were tobacco users, mostly cigarettes [11.2%] and waterpipes [2.2%]. The most common self-reported reasons for smoking were for the experience [29.4%], for stress relief [22.5%] and because their peers smoked [21.9%]. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of tobacco use were: male, higher age, UAE national, higher school level, government school, low knowledge about tobacco and family history of smoking. There were significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes scores after the health education intervention programme


Le tabagisme chez les adolescents aux Emirats arabes unis représente un problème récent.La présente étude visait à mesurer la prévalence actuelle du tabagisme et les facteurs associés chez des élèves dans l'Emirat de Dubaï. Elle avait également pour objectif de déterminer l'impact d'un programme d'interventions sur leurs connaissances et attitudes à l'égard du tabagisme. Un programme d'interventions a été mené en milieu scolaire auprès de 2457 élèves âgés de 10 à 20 ans. Les données ont été recueillies à l'aide d'un questionnaire auto-administré. Parmi les élèves interrogés, 14,6 % étaient des consommateurs de tabac,principalement de cigarettes [11,2 %] ou de pipes à eau [2,2 %]. Les raisons les plus fréquentes motivant la consommation de tabac étaient le fait d'expérimenter [29,4 %], l'atténuation du stress [22,5 %]et la consommation de tabac par les pairs [21,9 %]. L'analyse de régression logistique par étapes a démontré que les facteurs prédictifs du tabagisme étaient les suivants : être de sexe masculin, être plus âgé, avoir la nationalité émirienne,avoir un niveau scolaire plus élevé, fréquenter une école publique, avoir de faibles connaissances sur le tabac et venir d'une famille de fumeurs. Des améliorations notables ont été constatées dans les scores sur les connaissances et les attitudes après la mise en oeuvre du programme d'interventions d'éducation pour la santé


Assuntos
Uso de Tabaco , Estudantes , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fumar , Ensaio Clínico , Prevalência , Conhecimento , Atitude , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-329794

RESUMO

Background: India’s Smoke-Free Law (SFL) was implemented in 2004 andreinforced on 2nd October 2008. This research attempts to understand the knowledgeand opinion of hospitality venue (HV) managers about second-hand smoke (SHS)and SFL as well as self-reported compliance with SFL in two Indian states.Methods: A survey was conducted among 804 randomly sampled HVs from projectSTEPS (Strengthening of tobacco control efforts through innovative partnershipsand strategies) in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, India. Four hundred and threeHVs from two districts in Gujarat and 401 HVs from six districts in Andhra Pradeshwere selected. The owner, manager or supervisor of each HV was interviewedusing a pre-tested structured interview schedule. Association of opinion scaleswith respondents’ background characteristics was assessed through the analysisof variance (ANOVA) method.Results: Out of the 403 respondents in Gujarat and 401 in Andhra Pradesh, 56.1%and 84.3% had knowledge about SFL respectively. Compliance of HVs with SFLwas 21.8% in Gujarat and 31.2% in Andhra Pradesh as reported by the managers.Knowledge about SHS was noted among 39.7% of respondents in Gujarat and25.4% in Andhra Pradesh. Bivariate results indicated that more educated HVmanagers showed higher support for smoke-free public places (P < 0.001) andwere more concerned about the health effects of SHS exposure (P = 0.002).Conclusion: Complete self-reported compliance with, and knowledge of SFL aswell as SHS was not found in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. The education level ofHV managers is an important determinant to ensure compliance with SFL in publicplaces.


Assuntos
Conscientização , Atitude , Tabaco
17.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118398

RESUMO

This survey examined current patient awareness and understanding of generic substitution. We surveyed 188 renal patients using 36 multiple-choice questions in 2 hospitals in the United Arab Emirates. We found that 70% of patients were aware of the availability of generic medicines, 60% understood the terms [generic] and [branded] in relation to medicines and 64% were conscious of generic substitution practice. However, 32% did not know if they were taking generics and 31% felt that generics were not equivalent or only sometimes equivalent to branded medicines. Nearly half [47%] the patients stated they would refuse generic substitution of ciclosporin when it became available if this was just to save the health authority money. In our opinion, random generic substitution should not be implemented because there is still uncertainty and lack of knowledge among patients


Assuntos
Substituição de Medicamentos , Diálise Renal , Nefropatias , Conscientização , Inquéritos e Questionários , Conhecimento , Atitude , Medicamentos Genéricos
18.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118379

RESUMO

This study aimed to assess general knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of people towards the use of antibiotics. Individuals referring to the outpatient pharmacies of 2 major teaching hospitals in the north of Jordan completed a self-administered, validated questionnaire. A total of 1091 individuals [56.8% males] participated in the study. Of these, 20.1% of the participants stated that antibiotics were used for bacterial infections, while 18.3% thought they were used for viral infections and 43.6% for mixed bacterial/viral infections. The average knowledge score of the participants about antibiotic uses and side-effects was low. Middle-aged participants and those with an education beyond high school had significantly higher knowledge scores about antibiotics use. Almost 75% of the participants disagreed that antibiotics could be given without a prescription


Assuntos
Conhecimento , Cultura , Atitude , Hospitais de Ensino , Auditoria Médica , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Antibacterianos
19.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118367

RESUMO

Access to family planning [FP], quality of care and exploring barriers to utilization of services are key factors in the adoption and continuation of contraception in Egypt. We conducted this study to explore the barriers affecting utilization of FP as well as the characteristics of women who discontinue using FP and nonusers of the FP services. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. A multistage random selection of 8 family health centres in Menufia Governorate, Egypt was done. We selected a purposive sample of 500 married, rural women of reproductive age who fulfilled the required criteria [109 non-users, 391 discontinued]. Cognitive barriers were cited by more than 55% of the participants in both groups and cultural barriers by 40% of both groups. Barriers related to the method were cited by 35.8% of the women who had discontinued, and demographic barriers by 39.4% of the non-users


Assuntos
População Rural , Estudos Transversais , Cognição , Atitude , Análise de Regressão , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar
20.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118490

RESUMO

This cross-sectional study compared cognitive-related variables for caesarean delivery in a private and public hospital in Tehran and assessed their association with maternal preference for delivery mode. A sample of 300 pregnant women in their final trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy was recruited from 1 private and 1 public hospital. They completed the Fear of Pain, Childbirth Attitude and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale questionnaires, and their sociodemographic data and delivery preference were recorded. Maternal preference for caesarean delivery was significantly higher in women in the private hospital, and they were significantly more likely to fear pain and childbirth than those in the public hospital; however, both were equally likely to catastrophize in painful situations. Women's preference for caesarean delivery in both hospitals was significantly associated with all the cognitive factors. Other factors are likely to contribute to the difference in caesarean delivery in the private and public hospital


Assuntos
Cognição , Cesárea , Hospitais Públicos , Hospitais Privados , Estudos Transversais , Gravidez , Medo , Inquéritos e Questionários , Dor , Atitude , Parto
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