RESUMO
Background: Despite the importance of gender and intersectionality in policy-making for human resources for health, these issues have not been given adequate consideration in health workforce recruitment and retention in Africa. Aims: The objective of this review was to show how gender intersects with other sociocultural determinants of health to create different experiences of marginalization and/or privilege in the recruitment and retention of human resources for health in Africa. Methods: This was rapid review of studies that investigated the intersectionality of gender in relation to recruitment and retention of health workers in Africa. A PubMed search was undertaken in April 2020 to identify eligible studies. Search terms used included: gender, employment, health workers, health workforce, recruitment and retention. Criteria for inclusion of studies were: primary research; related to the role of gender and intersectionality in recruitment and retention of the health workforce; conducted in Africa; quantitative or qualitative study design; and published in English. Results: Of 193 publications found, nine fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and were selected. Feminization of the nursing and midwifery profession results in difficulties in recruiting and deploying female health workers. Male domination of management positions was reported. Gender power relationship in the recruitment and retention of the health workforce is shaped by marriage and cultural norms. Occupational segregation, sexual harassment and discrimination against female health workers were reported. Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of considering gender analysis in the development of policies and programmes for human resources for health in Africa.
Assuntos
Mão de Obra em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Seleção de Pessoal , Feminização , PubMed , Casamento , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Tocologia , Formulação de Políticas , Emprego , Comportamento Sexual , Estado Civil , Remuneração , Organização Mundial da SaúdeAssuntos
Saúde Sexual , Saúde Reprodutiva , Europa (Continente) , Saúde da Criança , Saúde do Adolescente , CasamentoAssuntos
Saúde Sexual , Saúde Reprodutiva , Europa (Continente) , Saúde da Criança , Saúde do Adolescente , CasamentoRESUMO
In Saudi Arabia, local interpretations of Islamic laws and social norms have a negative impact on the health and well-being of women. The objective of this literature review was to discuss gender inequity in Saudi Arabia and its relation to public health. Despite the scarcity of recent statistics and information regarding gender inequity in Saudi Arabia, this review is an attempt to explore this sensitive issue in this country. Women's roles and rights in Saudi society were examined, including education, marriage, polygamy, fertility, job opportunities, car driving and identification cards. Further research to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices towards health care of Saudi men and women is recommended
Assuntos
Islamismo , Saúde da Mulher , Saúde Pública , Casamento , Direitos da MulherRESUMO
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of some sociocultural variables on the fertility of Kuwaiti women. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 7749 married women [aged 15'78 years] selected randomly from 10 primary health care clinics in Kuwait. The fertility rate was 3.58 live births per woman. Fertility was higher among Sunni Muslim women, those of Bedouin ethnicity, and those in a consanguineous marriage [P < 0.001]. There was a significant negative relationship between fertility and respondents' educational level, occupation, age at marriage, socioeconomic status and type of marriage [consanguineous or not]. There was a positive relationship between fertility and the respondents' age and the family income
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Coeficiente de Natalidade , Islamismo , Comportamento Reprodutivo , Casamento , Inquéritos e Questionários , Classe Social , Mulheres , Consanguinidade , Árabes , FertilidadeRESUMO
We examined the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Omani adolescents with regard to reproductive health in a nationally representative secondary school-based sample of 1670 boys and 1675 girls. Through a self-administrated questionnaire the adolescents were asked about puberty, marriage, birth spacing and AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Only half of the sample knew the changes at puberty of their own sex, while even fewer knew the changes in the opposite sex. Girls were inclined significantly towards later age of marriage than boys. The mean number of children desired by the sample was 4.9. About two-thirds of the adolescents had a positive attitude toward modern contraceptive methods and intended to use them in the future. Knowledge of fertility period was poor as was knowledge of AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. There was a high rate of approval [80%] of female genital cutting by both sexes
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Comportamento Reprodutivo , Reprodução , Casamento , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Educação SexualRESUMO
The duration and determinants of interbirth intervals among women of reproductive age in Karak, Jordan were examined in October 2003. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 1109 ever-married women aged 15-49 years who contributed to 4349 interbirth intervals. Data were obtained by interview questionnaire and analysed with life table, Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. The median interbirth interval was 27.40 months. Longer interbirth interval was independently predicted by breastfeeding > or = 12 months, modern contraceptive use and pregnancy wastage; by more surviving children, presence of boys only or both boys and girls at the interval onset; by woman's higher education, older age and longer marriage; and by ideal spacing conforming with family planning norms. Concerted efforts to encourage modern contraceptive use, extend breastfeeding, promote small family size, address gender preferences and reinforce the minimum age at marriage should be made
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Anticoncepção , Escolaridade , Características da Família , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Casamento , Intervalo entre NascimentosRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was carried out on knowledge of and attitudes to family planning in male teachers working in the education system in Teheran. We found that 65% of the study population had acceptable knowledge regarding the issue. More than 95% of respondents reported having a favourable attitude towards the implementation of family planning programmes and about 90% believed that decision-making regarding use of contraceptives should be a joint process. To improve the planning and administration of family planning programmes, the main variables identified in this study should be further investigated in different population groups. Addressing men in family planning programmes may improve their success and lead to increased contraceptive use
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Comportamento Contraceptivo , Tomada de Decisões , Escolaridade , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Casamento , Homens , Cônjuges , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
At the outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, perceptions and practices of 1000 women regarding their reproductive health rights [reproductive rights] were evaluated. The majority had positive perceptions about their rights to reproductive health; however, 30% disagreed with prohibitions of discrimination against women, particularly prohibitions of female genital mutilation [FGM]. A significant association was found between perceptions of sexual rights and demographic characteristics and between education and practices regarding early detection of cancer. No significant association was found between education and concepts of adolescent health education as a reproductive right. Programmes about women's reproductive rights that emphasize the issue of sexual health through religious education are recommended as one of the best strategies for the eradication of FGM
Assuntos
Circuncisão Feminina , Escolaridade , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde , Maternidades , Casamento , Programas de Rastreamento , Ambulatório Hospitalar , Atitude Frente a SaúdeRESUMO
Adequate child-spacing is considered a positive factor in the health of mothers and their children. A house-to-house survey of 332 women in Al-Oyaynah village, Saudi Arabia was carried out in April and May of 1995 to determine the existing practice of child-spacing and factors influencing it. The variables examined included age of the mother, age at marriage, education, income, parity, type of infant-feeding and birth order. The age of the mother, age at marriage and education were significantly associated with the length of the birth interval. The current age of mother and her parity were found to be the only significant predictor variables of birth interval