Responding to physical and psychological health impacts of disasters:case study of the Iranian disaster rehabilitation plan

This paper describes the process of developing a national pre-disaster plan for physical health and psychological rehabilitation of disaster-stricken communities.Data gathered from a literature review and expert panel discussions informed the process of drawing up unified definitions of physical and psychological health rehabilitation,carrying out stakeholder and STEEP-V analyses,and assigning the responsible organization and the collaborative organizations for each task.The Ministry of Health and the Welfare Organization were selected as the two responsible organizations.Integrated management at all levels,and sharing information,education and funding,were identified as ways to improve stakeholders' participation and collaboration.A system is needed for evaluating the implementation of the disaster rehabilitation plan,using valid and reliable indicators

La presente etude decrit le processus d'elaboration d'un plan national de preparation aux catastrophes naturelles pour la sante physique et la rehabilitation psychologique des populations frappees par les catastrophes.Ees donnees collectees a partir d'une analyse documentaire et de groupes de discussions d'experts ont permis la redaction de definitions unifiees en matiere de rehabilitation au plan de la sante physique et mentale,la conduite d'analyses des parties prenantes et d'analyses PEST[E]-V [politique,economique,sociologique,technologique et ecologique,et questions liees aux valeurs], et I'attribution de chaque tache a I'organisation responsable et aux organisations collaborates.Ee ministere de la Sante et l'Organisation de protection sociale ont ete designees comme les deux entites responsables.Une prise en charge integree a tous les niveaux,le partage de l'information,I'education et Taide financiere ont ete identifies comme les moyens de renforcer la participation et la collaboration des parties prenantes.E'etablissement d'un systeme est requis pour evaluer la mise en oeuvre du plan de relevement post-catastrophe a I'appui d'indicateurs valables et fiables

Behavioural responses of deltamethrin- and permethrin-resistant strains of aedes aegypti when exposed to permethrin in an excito-repellency test system.

his study compared the behavioural avoidance responses of the permethrin-resistant and deltamethrinresistant strains of Aedes aegypti, a primary vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Thailand. The background of biochemical-based resistance mechanism assay of these two strains revealed a significant increase of esterase activity and monooxygenase levels when compared with a laboratory- usceptible strain. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was found to increase only in the permethrin-resistant strain. The DNA sequence of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (IIS6 region) was determined but the leucine to phenylalanine amino acid substitution, which is commonly associated with resistance to pyrethroids in many insect species, was not found in either strain. The behavioural escape response of both contact irritancy and non-contact repellency when exposed to permethrin at standard field dose (0.25 g/m2) was observed by using an excito-repellency test chamber. The results showed that in contact trials, the permethrin-resistant strain showed a lower irritancy response when compared with the deltamethrin-resistant strain. This was probably due to the higher levels of resistance to this insecticide for the permethrin resistance strain. For the repellency test by noncontact trials, the response was not significantly different between the two strains. This may be because the repellency effect was much weaker than that of the irritancy effect. This study indicated that the behavioural response of mosquitoes differs according to different pyrethroid compounds and to the physiological resistance mechanism of the mosquitoes. However, further work is necessary to understand how these responses are mediated.