Bacillus-derived consortium enhances Ginkgo biloba's health and resistance to Alternaria tenuissima.

BACKGROUND: Bacillus, as a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, can enhance the resistance of plants to phytopathogens. In our study, Bacillus strains showing excellent biocontrol were screened and used to control ginkgo leaf blight (Alternaria tenuissima). RESULTS: Four biocontrol Bacillus strains-Bsa537, Bam337, Bso544, and Bsu503-were selected from 286 isolates based on their capacity to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. The four Bacillus strains significantly improved the resistance of ginkgo to leaf blight. This was especially the case when the four strains were used as a mixture, which contributed to a decrease in lesion area of >40%. Hence, a mixture of Bacillus strains was used to control ginkgo leaf blight in the field. Treatment efficiency varied from 30% to 100% (average 81.5%) and was higher than that of the control (-2% to -18%, average - 8.5%); the antioxidant capacity of the treated ginkgo was also stronger. In addition, ginkgo biomass increased as a result of treatment with the Bacillus mixture, including leaf weight, area, thickness, number of lateral roots and root weight. Furthermore, the Bacillus mixture improved the ginkgo rhizosphere soil by boosting the number of beneficial microorganisms, lowering the number of pathogens and hastening soil catabolism. CONCLUSION: The Bacillus mixture improved the health status of ginkgo by protecting it from pathogen attack, promoting its growth and improving the microorganism community in the rhizosphere. This work closes a technological gap in the biological control of ginkgo leaf blight, investigates application methods for compound Bacillus biofertilizers and establishes a framework for the popularity and commercialization of these products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of emotional factors on purchase intention in live streaming marketing of agricultural products: A moderated mediation model.

Emotional factors play a crucial role in streaming live marketing of agricultural products. Some literature explored several emotional factors' impact on consumers' purchase intention. Nonetheless, the interaction and integration effects of these factors have received less attention. Based on Consumer Engagement Theory, SOR model and TAM model, the paper constructs a moderated mediation model of the interactivity/presence, trust/resonance and purchase intention under rural sentiment. A quantitative study based on 365 valid samples is conducted to validate this model. The results indicate that interactivity and presence positively impact on consumers' purchase intention, trust and resonance play a mediating role between interactivity/presence and purchase intention separately. Contrary to our expectations, rural sentiment negatively moderates the relationship between interactivity and resonance. Differences of regression results between urban and rural group indicate that the cultural backgrounds of consumers have an impact on their emotional responses in live streaming of agricultural products. The results illustrate the mechanism of emotional factors in consumers' purchase decisions. Overall, this paper reveals the potential of emotional factors and the development of effective marketing strategies to improve agricultural products sales.

Unsupervised underwater imaging based on polarization and binocular depth estimation.

Scattering caused by suspended particles in the water severely reduces the radiance of the scene. This paper proposes an unsupervised underwater restoration method based on binocular estimation and polarization. Based on the correlation between the underwater transmission process and depth, this method combines the depth information and polarization information in the scene, uses the neural network to perform global optimization and the depth information is recalculated and updated in the network during the optimization process, and reduces the error generated by using the polarization image to calculate parameters, so that detailed parts of the image are restored. Furthermore, the method reduces the requirement for rigorous pairing of data compared to previous approaches for underwater imaging using neural networks. Experimental results show that this method can effectively reduce the noise in the original image and effectively preserve the detailed information in the scene.

Coordinate-wise monotonic transformations enable privacy-preserving age estimation with 3D face point cloud.

The human face is a valuable biomarker of aging, but the collection and use of its image raise significant privacy concerns. Here we present an approach for facial data masking that preserves age-related features using coordinate-wise monotonic transformations. We first develop a deep learning model that estimates age directly from non-registered face point clouds with high accuracy and generalizability. We show that the model learns a highly indistinguishable mapping using faces treated with coordinate-wise monotonic transformations, indicating that the relative positioning of facial information is a low-level biomarker of facial aging. Through visual perception tests and computational 3D face verification experiments, we demonstrate that transformed faces are significantly more difficult to perceive for human but not for machines, except when only the face shape information is accessible. Our study leads to a facial data protection guideline that has the potential to broaden public access to face datasets with minimized privacy risks.

Honokiol regulates ovarian cancer cell malignant behavior through YAP/TAZ pathway modulation.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OVCA) stands as one of the most fatal gynecological malignancies. Honokiol (HNK) has been substantiated by numerous studies for its anti-tumor activity against malignancies including OVCA. Consequently, this work was designed to elucidate the impact of HNK-mediated modulation of the YAP/TAZ pathway on the biological functions of OVCA cells. METHODS: OVCA cells were subjected to treatment with varying concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µM) of HNK, concomitant with the administration of YAP agonist (XMU). Assessment of cellular viability was executed employing the CCK-8 assay, while quantification of cellular proliferation transpired via colony formation assays. Apoptosis was ascertained using flow cytometry, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax), EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin), migration-associated proteins (MMP-2, MMP-9), and YAP/TAZ pathway-related proteins was evaluated by western blot. Transwell experiments were conducted to assess cellular migratory and invasive propensities. Xenograft tumor models were built to observe tumor growth (volume and weight), apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining, and Ki67 expression was evaluated through IHC. RESULTS: HNK exerted inhibitory effects on the viability and proliferative capacity of OVCA cells, elicited apoptotic responses, curtailed the migratory and invasive tendencies of cells, and downregulated the YAP/TAZ pathway. Stimulation with YAP agonist (XMU-MP-1) partially attenuated the impacts of HNK on OVCA cell biology. Experiments in vivo confirmed that HNK inhibited OVCA tumor growth. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this investigation conclusively established that HNK orchestrated the modulation of the YAP/TAZ pathway, thereby exerting control over the malignant phenotypic manifestations of OVCA cells. The ascertained function of HNK in restraining cellular proliferation and tumor progression provided novel evidence of its anti-proliferative activity within OVCA cells.

Cryo-EM structures reveal two allosteric inhibition modes of PI3KαH1047R involving a re-shaping of the activation loop.

PI3Kα is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates PIP2 and generates PIP3. The hyperactive PI3Kα mutation, H1047R, accounts for about 14% of breast cancer, making it a highly attractive target for drug discovery. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of PI3KαH1047R bound to two different allosteric inhibitors QR-7909 and QR-8557 at a global resolution of 2.7 Å and 3.0 Å, respectively. The structures reveal two distinct binding pockets on the opposite sides of the activation loop. Structural and MD simulation analyses show that the allosteric binding of QR-7909 and QR-8557 inhibit PI3KαH1047R hyper-activity by reducing the fluctuation and mobility of the activation loop. Our work provides a strong rational basis for a further optimization and development of highly selective drug candidates to treat PI3KαH1047R-driven cancers.

The Mediating Role of Self-efficacy and Coping Mode Between Powerlessness and Quality of Life in Patients with Venous Leg Ulcers.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy and coping mode between powerlessness and quality of life in patients with a venous leg ulcer (VLU). METHODS: The authors used a convenience sampling method to select 208 patients with a VLU in four tertiary grade A hospitals in Qingdao and Tianjin from June 2021 to August 2022. Instruments included the Powerlessness Assessment Tool, Venous Leg Ulcer Self-efficacy Tool, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and Venous Leg Ulcer Quality of Life Questionnaire. The authors used descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and PROCESS macros for data analysis. RESULTS: The powerlessness score was significantly negatively associated with self-efficacy and confrontation coping mode scores and positively associated with patients' quality-of-life scores. In addition, self-efficacy and confrontation coping modes separately and sequentially mediated the relationship between powerlessness and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy and confrontation coping mode play important mediating roles between powerlessness and quality of life in patients with VLUs. By decreasing patients' sense of powerlessness, boosting their self-efficacy, and encouraging them to adopt confrontation coping mode, health professionals can improve patients' quality of life.

Higher disease burden and lower utilization in mongolian with breast cancer: a 9-year retrospective cohort study of 18.19 million adults in China.

BACKGROUND: Whether health inequalities of disease burden and medical utilization exist by ethnicity in Asian breast cancer (BC) patients remains unclear. We aim to measure ethnic disparities in disease burden and utilization among Mongolian and Han female breast cancer patients in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on data extracted from Inner Mongolia Regional Health Information Platform, a retrospective cohort study was established during 2012-2021. Disease burden including incidence, 5-year prevalence, mortality, survival rate, and medical cost were analyzed and compared between Han and Mongolian patients. RESULTS: A total of 34,878 female patients (mean [SD] age, 52.34 [10.93] years) were included among 18.19 million Chinese, and 4,315 [12.03%] participants were Mongolian. Age-standardized rates of incidence are 32.68 (95% CI: 20.39-44.98) per 100,000. Higher age-specific incidence and 5-year prevalence were observed in Mongolian than in Han. The cost of breast cancer annually per capita was significantly lower for Mongolian than Han in FBC ($1,948.43 [590.11-4 776.42] vs. $2,227.35 [686.65-5,929.59], P<0.001). Mongolian females showed higher all-cause mortality (30.92, [95% CI: 28.15-33.89] vs. 27.78, [95% CI: 26.77-28.83] per 1,000, P=0.036) and breast cancer-specific mortality (18.78, [95% CI: 16.64-21.13] vs. 15.22, [95% CI: 14.47-16.00] per 1,000, P=0.002) than Han females. After adjusting covariates, Mongolian were associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR, 1.21, [95% CI, 1.09-1.34]; P<0.001) and breast cancer-specific mortality (HR, 1.31, [95% CI, 1.14-1.49]; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this cohort study highlight a higher level of disease burden with unmet medical demand in Mongolian patients, suggesting that more practical efforts should be made for the minority. Further research is needed to explore the concrete mechanisms of the disparities as well as eliminate health disproportion.

The LANCET robotic system can improve surgical efficiency in total hip arthroplasty: A prospective randomized, multicenter, parallel-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and safety of the LANCET robotic system, a robot arm assisted operation system for total hip arthroplasty via a multicenter clinical randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 116 patients were randomized into two groups: LANCET robotic arm assisted THA group (N = 58) and the conventional THA group (N = 58). General information about the patients was collected preoperatively. Operational time and bleeding were recorded during the surgery. The position of the acetabular prosthesis was evaluated by radiographs one week after surgery and compared with preoperative planning. Harris score, hip mobility, prosthesis position and angle and complications were compared between the two groups at three months postoperatively. Results: None of the 111 patients who ultimately completed the 3-month follow-up experienced adverse events such as hip dislocation and infection during follow-up. In the RAA group, 52 (92.9 %) patients were located in the Lewinnek safe zone and 49 (87.5 %) patients were located in the Callanan safe zone. In the control group were 47 (85.5 %) and 44 (80.0 %) patients, respectively. In the RAA group, 53 (94.6 %) patients had a postoperative acetabular inclination angle and 51 (91.1 %) patients had an acetabular version angle within a deviation of 5° from the preoperative plan. These numbers were significantly higher than those of the control group, which consisted of 42 (76.4 %) and 34 (61.8 %) patients respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups of subjects in terms of general condition, intraoperative bleeding, hip mobility, and adverse complications. Conclusion: The results of this prospective randomized, multicenter, parallel-controlled clinical study demonstrated that the LANCET robotic system leads conventional THA surgery in accuracy of acetabular cup placement and does not differ from conventional THA surgery in terms of postoperative hip functional recovery and complications. The translational potential of this article: In the past, the success rate of total hip arthroplasty (THA) relied heavily on the surgeon's experience. As a result, junior doctors needed extensive training to become proficient in this technique. However, the introduction of surgical robots has significantly improved this situation. By utilizing robotic assistance, both junior and senior doctors can perform THA quickly and efficiently. This advancement is crucial for the widespread adoption of THA, as patients can now receive surgical treatment in local facilities instead of overwhelming larger hospitals and straining medical resources. Moreover, the development of surgical robots with fully independent intellectual property rights holds immense value in overcoming the limitations of high-end medical equipment. This aligns with the objectives outlined in the 14th Five Year Plan for National Science and Technology Strategy.

Trends and risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis among children in Sichuan, China: A 10-year retrospective analysis, 2013-2022.

To investigate the status of the drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) among children in Sichuan, and to find out the risk factors and high-risk population related to drug resistance among children. The clinical data of tuberculosis patients ≤14 years old with culture-confirmed tuberculosis hospitalized in Chengdu Public Health Clinical Center from January 2013 through December 2022 were collected. Clinical data such as gender, age, ethnicity, history of anti-TB treatment, history of exposure to tuberculosis, nutritional status, and specific drug resistance of the children were collected and recorded. The drug resistance of children in different age groups (0-4 years old, 5-9 years old, 10-14 years old) and different periods (2013-2017 and 2018-2022) were grouped and compared. Logistic regression analysis was to analyze analysis of risk factors of drug resistance in children. A total of 438 children with culture-confirmed tuberculosis were screened. Among them, 26.19% (11/42) were 0 to 4 years old, 33.33% (22/66) were 5 to 9 years old, and 36.67% (121/330) were 10 to 14 years old among the resistant children. There was no statistically significant difference in the resistance rate among the 3 groups (P = .385). The proportions of DR-TB, monoresistant tuberculosis, polydrug-resistant tuberculosis were decreased during 2019 to 2022 compared with 2013 to 2017 (P < .0001). The resistance rates of drug resistant, monoresistant, polydrug-resistant, isoniazid-resistant, and rifampicin resistant during 2018 to 2022 were decreased compared with those from 2013 to 2017 (P < .05), but the multi-drug resistance rate was not decreased (P = .131, without statistical difference). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that male gender OR = 1.566 (95% CI 1.035-2.369), a history of antituberculosis therapy OR = 4.049 (95% CI 1.442-11.367), and pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis OR = 7.335 (95% CI 1.401-38.392) were risk factors for the development of drug resistance; but fever OR = 0.581 (95% CI 0.355-0.950) was Protective factor. The total drug resistance rate of children in Sichuan showed a downward trend, but the rate of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis was still at a high level, and the form of drug resistance was still severe. Absence of fever, male, retreatment, and pulmonary concurrent with extrapulmonary tuberculosis are risk factors for DR-TB in children.

Coronavirus disease-2019 and orthopedics: A bibliometric analysis of the literature.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a dramatic impact on global health, with orthopedics among the most affected specialties. An increasing number of COVID-19-related orthopedic studies have been published. The purpose of this study was to analyze the orthopedic literature published during the COVID-19 pandemic to guide future research. METHODS: The Scopus database was searched for relevant literature published between 2020 and 2022. The keywords used in the retrieval process were ("COVID-19" OR "Coronavirus" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "Betacoronavirus" OR "novel coronavirus 2019" OR "novel coronavirus" OR "coronavirus-19" OR "COVID 19" OR "nCOV" OR "COVID-2019" OR "COVID 2019") and ("orthopedic" OR "orthopedics" OR "orthopedic" OR "orthopedical" OR "orthopedical" OR "orthopedics"). Spreadsheet software (Excel, Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) was used to analyze the top 10 cited authors, countries, journals, and articles. The top 5 publication types were also analyzed. VOSviewer (Center for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden, Netherlands) was used to network and visualize the literature. RESULTS: A total of 1619 publications relevant to COVID-19 and orthopedics were reviewed. Among these publications, the most active country, author, and publication type included the United States, Vaishya R, and original articles, respectively. The most frequently used keywords were human, coronavirus disease-2019, pandemic, and orthopedics. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume was the most cited journal, whereas the greatest number of articles was published in the Journal of Clinical Orthopedics and Trauma. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a perspective on the development of orthopedic publications during the COVID-19 pandemic and evidence for researchers worldwide to strengthen global cooperation in fighting the epidemic.

Single-cell senescence identification reveals senescence heterogeneity, trajectory, and modulators.

Cellular senescence underlies many aging-related pathologies, but its heterogeneity poses challenges for studying and targeting senescent cells. We present here a machine learning program senescent cell identification (SenCID), which accurately identifies senescent cells in both bulk and single-cell transcriptome. Trained on 602 samples from 52 senescence transcriptome datasets spanning 30 cell types, SenCID identifies six major senescence identities (SIDs). Different SIDs exhibit different senescence baselines, stemness, gene functions, and responses to senolytics. SenCID enables the reconstruction of senescent trajectories under normal aging, chronic diseases, and COVID-19. Additionally, when applied to single-cell Perturb-seq data, SenCID helps reveal a hierarchy of senescence modulators. Overall, SenCID is an essential tool for precise single-cell analysis of cellular senescence, enabling targeted interventions against senescent cells.

[The experience on the construction of the cluster prevention and control system for COVID-19 infection in designated hospitals during the period of "Category B infectious disease treated as Category A"].

The COVID-19 epidemic has spread to the whole world for three years and has had a serious impact on human life, health and economic activities. China's epidemic prevention and control has gone through the following stages: emergency unconventional stage, emergency normalization stage, and the transitional stage from the emergency normalization to the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category B" normalization, and achieved a major and decisive victory. The designated hospitals for prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Tianjin has successfully completed its tasks in all stages of epidemic prevention and control, and has accumulated valuable experience. This article summarizes the experience of constructing a hospital infection prevention and control system during the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category A" period in designated hospital. The experience is summarized as the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system, namely "three rings" outside, middle and inside, "three districts" of green, orange and red, "three things" before, during and after the event, "two-day pre-purification" and "two-director system", and "one zone" management. In emergency situations, we adopt a simplified version of the cluster hospital infection prevention and control system. In emergency situations, a simplified version of the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system can be adopted. This system has the following characteristics: firstly, the system emphasizes the characteristics of "cluster" and the overall management of key measures to avoid any shortcomings. The second, it emphasizes the transformation of infection control concepts to maximize the safety of medical services through infection control. The third, it emphasizes the optimization of the process. The prevention and control measures should be comprehensive and focused, while also preventing excessive use. The measures emphasize the use of the least resources to achieve the best infection control effect. The fourth, it emphasizes the quality control work of infection control, pays attention to the importance of the process, and advocates the concept of "system slimming, process fattening". Fifthly, it emphasizes that the future development depends on artificial intelligence, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of prevention and control to the greatest extent. Sixth, hospitals need to strengthen continuous training and retraining. We utilize diverse training methods, including artificial intelligence, to ensure that infection control policies and procedures are simple. We have established an evaluation and feedback mechanism to ensure that medical personnel are in an emergency state at all times.

Diagnosing and reintegrating traceability of infectious diseases via metagenomic next-generation sequencing: Study of a severe case of Rickettsia japonica infection.

Background: In this study, we present a case of Japanese spotted fever (JSF) caused by Rickettsia japonica and use this case to investigate the process of diagnosing and reintegrating traceability of infectious diseases via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Methods: From data relating to epidemiological history, clinical and laboratory examinations, and mNGS sequencing, a diagnosis of severe JSF was concluded. Results: A detailed field epidemiological investigation discovered parasitic Haemaphysalis longicornis from a host animal (dog) in the domicile of the patient, within which R. japonica was detected, along with a diverse array of other potentially pathogenic microorganisms that could cause other infectious diseases. Conclusion: The mNGS provided an efficient method to diagnose JSF infection. This methodology could also be applied to field epidemiological investigations to establish the traceability of infectious diseases.

A comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for mortality, infection and colonization associated with CRGNB in adult solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The burden of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has not been systematically explored. Here, we discern the risk factors associated with CRGNB infection and colonization in SOT recipients. METHODS: This study included observational studies conducted among CRGNB-infected SOT patients, which reported risk factors associated with mortality, infection or colonization. Relevant records will be searched in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for the period from the time of database construction to 1 March 2023. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies with 13,511 participants were included, enabling the assessment of 27 potential risk factors. The pooled prevalence of 1-year mortality among SOT recipients with CRGNB was 44.5%. Prolonged mechanical ventilation, combined transplantation, reoperation and pre-transplantation CRGNB colonization are salient contributors to the occurrence of CRGNB infections in SOT recipients. Renal replacement therapy, post-LT CRGNB colonization, pre-LT liver disease and model for end-stage liver disease score increased the risk of infection. Re-transplantation, carbapenem use before transplantation and ureteral stent utilization increaesd risk of CRGNB colonization. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that SOT recipients with CRGNB infections had a higher mortality risk. Invasive procedure may be the main factor contribute to CRGNB infection.

Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in Patients With Acute Mild to Moderate Stroke: The ATAMIS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Dual antiplatelet therapy has been demonstrated to be superior to single antiplatelet in reducing recurrent stroke among patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke, but robust evidence for its effect in patients with mild to moderate ischemic stroke is lacking. Objective: To evaluate whether dual antiplatelet therapy is superior to single antiplatelet among patients with mild to moderate ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a multicenter, open-label, blinded end point, randomized clinical trial conducted at 66 hospitals in China from December 20, 2016, through August 9, 2022. The date of final follow-up was October 30, 2022. The analysis was reported on March 12, 2023. Of 3065 patients with ischemic stroke, 3000 patients with acute mild to moderate stroke within 48 hours of symptom onset were enrolled, after excluding 65 patients who did not meet eligibility criteria or had no randomization outcome. Interventions: Within 48 hours after symptom onset, patients were randomly assigned to receive clopidogrel plus aspirin (n = 1541) or aspirin alone (n = 1459) in a 1:1 ratio. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was early neurologic deterioration at 7 days, defined as an increase of 2 or more points in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, but not as a result of cerebral hemorrhage, compared with baseline. The superiority of clopidogrel plus aspirin to aspirin alone was assessed based on a modified intention-to-treat population, which included all randomized participants with at least 1 efficacy evaluation regardless of treatment allocation. Bleeding events were safety end points. Results: Of the 3000 randomized patients, 1942 (64.6%) were men, the mean (SD) age was 65.9 (10.6) years, median (IQR) NIHSS score at admission was 5 (4-6), and 1830 (61.0%) had a stroke of undetermined cause. A total of 2915 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Early neurologic deterioration occurred in 72 of 1502 (4.8%) in the dual antiplatelet therapy group vs 95 of 1413 (6.7%) in the aspirin alone group (risk difference -1.9%; 95% CI, -3.6 to -0.2; P = .03). Similar bleeding events were found between 2 groups. Conclusions and Relevance: Among Chinese patients with acute mild to moderate ischemic stroke, clopidogrel plus aspirin was superior to aspirin alone with regard to reducing early neurologic deterioration at 7 days with similar safety profile. These findings indicate that dual antiplatelet therapy may be a superior choice to aspirin alone in treating patients with acute mild to moderate stroke. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02869009.

Honokiol induces ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells through the regulation of YAP by OTUB2.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is prevalent in female reproductive organs. Despite recent advances, clinical outcomes remain poor, warranting fresh treatment avenues. Honokiol has an inhibitory effect on proliferation, invasion, and survival of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this study intended to explore specific molecular mechanism by which honokiol affected OVCA progression. METHODS: Bioinformatics analyzed the drug honokiol that bound to OTU deubiquitinase, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 2 (OTUB2). Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) verified the binding relationship between honokiol and OTUB2. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) tested the IC50 value and cell viability of OVCA cells after honokiol treatment. Corresponding assay kits determined malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+ levels in OVCA cells. Flow cytometry measured reactive oxygen species levels. Western blot detected OTUB2, SLC7A11, and transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detected OTUB2 expression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) detected the expression level of Ki67 protein in tumor tissues. RESULTS: Honokiol was capable of inducing ferroptosis in OVCA cells. CETSA confirmed that honokiol could bind to OTUB2. Further cell functional and molecular experiments revealed that honokiol induced ferroptosis in OVCA cells via repression of YAP signaling pathway through binding to OTUB2. In addition, in vivo experiments have confirmed that honokiol could inhibit the growth of OVCA. CONCLUSION: Honokiol induced ferroptosis in OVCA cells via repression of YAP signaling pathway through binding to OTUB2, implicating that OTUB2 may be an effective target for OVCA treatment, and our study results may provide new directions for development of more effective OVCA treatment strategies.

HSP27 promotes vasculogenic mimicry formation in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma via the AKT-MMP-2/9 pathway.

PURPOSE: To explore the role and mechanism of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in SACC VM formation. STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry and double staining with cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were used to detect HSP27 expression and VM in 70 SACC tissue samples separately. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence were used to detect gene and protein expression. HSP27 in SACC cells were overexpression or downregulated by transfecting HSP27 or short hairpin RNA target HSP27 (sh-HSP27). The migration and invasion abilities of SACC cells were detected using wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. The VM formation ability of the cells in vitro was detected using a Matrigel 3-dimensional culture. RESULTS: HSP27 expression was positively correlated with VM formation and affected the prognosis of patients. In vitro, HSP27 upregulation engendered VM formation and the invasion and migration of SACC cells. Mechanistically, HSP27 upregulation increased Akt phosphorylation and subsequently increased downstream matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 expressions. CONCLUSION: HSP27 may plays an important role in VM formation in SACC via the AKT-MMP-2/9 signalling pathway.

Glsirt1-mediated deacetylation of GlCAT regulates intracellular ROS levels, affecting ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum.

Lysine acetylation is a reversible, dynamic protein modification regulated by lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. However, in Basidiomycetes, the extent of lysine acetylation of nonhistone proteins remains largely unknown. Recently, we identified the deacetylase Glsirt1 as a key regulator of the biosynthesis of ganoderic acid (GA), a key secondary metabolite of Ganoderma lucidum. To gain insight into the characteristics, extent, and biological function of Glsirt1-mediated lysine acetylation in G. lucidum, we aimed to identify additional Glsirt1 substrates via comparison of acetylomes between wild-type (WT) and Glsirt1-silenced mutants. A large amount of Glsirt1-dependent lysine acetylation occurs in G. lucidum according to the results of this omics analysis, involving energy metabolism, protein synthesis, the stress response and other pathways. Our results suggest that GlCAT is a direct target of Glsirt1 and that the deacetylation of GlCAT by Glsirt1 reduces catalase activity, thereby leading to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and positively regulating the biosynthesis of GA. Our findings provide evidence for the involvement of nonhistone lysine acetylation in the biological processes of G. lucidum and help elucidate the involvement of important ROS signaling molecules in regulating physiological and biochemical processes in this organism. In conclusion, this proteomic analysis reveals a striking breadth of cellular processes affected by lysine acetylation and provides new nodes of intervention in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in G. lucidum.