Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Associated Factors in Urban Brazilian Women: A Comparison Between Two Population-Based Cross-Sectional Studies in 2003 and 2015.

Background: Abdominal fat accumulation is a known risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases and mortality, particularly in women. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its associated factors in 2003 and 2015. Methods: Two cross-sectional, population-based surveys were conducted, including representative and independent samples of adult women 20-60 years of age residing in the urban area of São Leopoldo/RS municipality in 2003 (n = 981) and 2015 (n = 984). Abdominal obesity was assessed using waist circumference, with a measurement of ≥88 cm indicating its presence. Factors, such as demographics, socioeconomic status, reproductive health, family history, morbidity, and behavioral characteristics, were studied. Poisson regression was used to assess the associations. Results: The mean age of individuals in the samples was 38.5 years (±11.1 years) and 40.3 years (±11.4 years) in 2003 and 2015, respectively. The prevalence of abdominal obesity doubled from 23.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.7-26.0) in 2003 to 46.9% (95% CI: 43.7-50.0) in 2015. After adjustment, the prevalence of abdominal obesity remained higher in both 2003 and 2015 with increasing age, low family income, higher number of pregnancies, earlier age at menarche, and presence of a family history of obesity in the father and mother and in women with a history of hypertension. Conclusions: This study demonstrates an increase in the prevalence of abdominal obesity in women between 2003 and 2015 and highlights the sociodemographic, reproductive, family history, and comorbidity aspects associated with its occurrence.

Prevalence of common mental disorders in southern Brazilian women: a comparison of two population-based studies (2003 vs. 2015).

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMD) in women, and comparing them in two periods, 2003 and 2015. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted between two surveys with representative samples of women aged 20-60 years residing in southern Brazil. The final sample included 988 and 987 women from the 2003 and 2015 surveys, respectively. The presence of CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8) in both surveys. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between the outcome (CMD) and variables of interest. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 38.5 ± 11.1 years (2003) and 40.3 ± 11.4 years (2015). In 2003, the prevalence of CMD was 33.4% (95%CI: 30.5-36.3) and in 2015, it was 33.7% (95%CI: 30.8-36.7). Over 12 years, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of CMD, except for a reduction in the prevalence in women of color and physically active. After adjusting, the prevalence ratios of CMD in 2003 and 2015 remained associated with low family income, a higher number of pregnancies, and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a trend toward stability in the high prevalence of CMD among women.

Association between obesity and common mental disorders in women: a population-based study in Southern Brazil.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and common mental disorders (CMD) among women. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of 981 adult women (20-60 years of age) living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil, in 2015. The presence of CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8). Obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Prevalence ratios (PRs) for the association between obesity and CMD were measured by Poisson regression with robust variance, including their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 40.3 years (standard deviation = 11.4 years). The prevalence of CMD was 33.7% (95% CI 30.8-36.7), while obesity was 31.2% (95% CI 28.3-34.1). The occurrence of CMD was higher in women with low levels of education and belonging to lower economic class, as well as smokers and those who were insufficiently active. Obesity was more prevalent in older women (50-60 years old) with less schooling, who did not consume alcohol, and those who were insufficiently active. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, women with obesity were 22% more likely to have CMD when compared to those without obesity (PR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.02-1.45; p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a significant association between obesity and the presence of CMD among women. Additionally, the prevalence of obesity and CMD were high in this population group.

Common mental disorders in Brazilian female shift workers: prevalence and associated factors.

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and associated factors in female shift workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 450 female workers, aged 18 years or older (± 36.1 years), from an industry located in Southern Brazil. CMD was assessed using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8 points), and sociodemographic, occupational, behavioral, morbidity, and self-rated health characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire survey. The prevalence of CMD was 47.3% (95% CI: 42.6-52.1). After adjusting, female workers with black/brown race/skin color had a 22% higher probability of CMD than white workers (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01-1.49), and workers with sleep disorders or poor sleep quality were 147% more likely to have CMD compared with those with good sleep quality (PR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.70-3.58), and workers with fair/poor self-rated health were twice as likely to have CMD (PR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.43-2.80) compared to those with excellent/very good self-rated health. A high prevalence of CMD was observed in female shift workers, especially in workers with a black/brown race/skin color and with poor sleep quality and self-rated health.

Association between social capital and food patterns in women from Southern Brazil. / Associação entre capital social e padrões alimentares em mulheres do Sul do Brasil.

The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women.

O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais (capital social) e padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra representativa de 1.128 mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2015. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados com base na frequência de consumo alimentar e classificados em: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais), de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados) e brasileiro (arroz e feijão), enquanto o capital social foi avaliado por meio de uma escala de eficácia coletiva. Observou-se que 18,9% da amostra foi classificada com alta eficácia coletiva. Após ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão, observou-se uma probabilidade 44% maior para adesão ao padrão saudável (RP [razão de prevalência] = 1,44; IC95% [intervalo de confiança de 95%]: 1,01-2,03; p = 0,040) e 71% maior para o padrão brasileiro (RP = 1,71; IC95%: 1,18-2,47; p = 0,004) entre as mulheres com um maior nível de eficácia coletiva, quando comparadas às com baixo nível de eficácia coletiva. Assim, este estudo verificou uma relação significativa entre aspectos psicossociais e consumo alimentar em mulheres.

Associação entre capital social e padrões alimentares em mulheres do Sul do Brasil / Association between social capital and food patterns in women from Southern Brazil

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais (capital social) e padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra representativa de 1.128 mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2015. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados com base na frequência de consumo alimentar e classificados em: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais), de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados) e brasileiro (arroz e feijão), enquanto o capital social foi avaliado por meio de uma escala de eficácia coletiva. Observou-se que 18,9% da amostra foi classificada com alta eficácia coletiva. Após ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão, observou-se uma probabilidade 44% maior para adesão ao padrão saudável (RP [razão de prevalência] = 1,44; IC95% [intervalo de confiança de 95%]: 1,01-2,03; p = 0,040) e 71% maior para o padrão brasileiro (RP = 1,71; IC95%: 1,18-2,47; p = 0,004) entre as mulheres com um maior nível de eficácia coletiva, quando comparadas às com baixo nível de eficácia coletiva. Assim, este estudo verificou uma relação significativa entre aspectos psicossociais e consumo alimentar em mulheres.

Abstract The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women.

Multimorbidity patterns: obesity as the main modifiable risk factor in adult women in Southern Brazil.

Objective: To identify multimorbidity patterns in women in southern Brazil, and its relationship with sociodemographic, lifestyle characteristics, and nutritional status, as well as to explore the main independent risk factor for the identified patterns. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with 1,128 women (20-69 years), southern Brazil. Chronic conditions were identified using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use of medications. Multimorbidity was assessed as ≥2 or ≥3 chronic conditions to identify dyads and triads. Poisson regression was used to explore risk factors in the different adjustment models. As independent variables evaluated, in addition to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle variables were included: consumption of fruits and vegetables, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and nutritional status. Results: Eleven dyads (frequencies between 2.0% and 6.4%) and three triads (frequencies between 1.9% and 2.1%) of morbidities were identified in the study. Aging was related to a higher prevalence of all patterns, and obesity was a risk factor for multimorbidity patterns that contained conditions related to the cardiovascular and metabolic system and mental health. After adjustment, obesity increased the probability of "hypertension + common mental disorders (CMD)" (PR 3.63; 95% CI 1.94-6.78) and "dyslipidemia + CMD" (PR 3.69; 95% CI 1.08-12.65) by more than three times. Conclusion: This study identified common and important diseases in the patterns, associated with a common risk factor, obesity, that must be addressed by public health policies to prevent multimorbidity.

Impact of multimorbidity on the use of sleep medications among women: a population-based study in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between multimorbidity and sleep medication use in women. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on women (20-69 years) in Southern Brazil. Sleep medications were identified using the Therapeutic and Chemical Anatomical Classification. Multimorbidity was operationalized according to two cutoff points: diagnosis of either two or more or three or more chronic conditions and presence or absence of obesity. Explanatory variables included sociodemographic, behavioral, and health factors including obesity and common mental disorders (CMD) (assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 for CMD). Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated with Poisson regression with robust variance using various adjustment models. RESULTS: In a sample of 1128 women, the prevalence of sleep medications was 14.3% (95%CI 12.2-16.3). After adjustments, the association between multimorbidity and sleep medication use yielded the following PR: multimorbidity ≥ 2:1.78 (95%CI, 1.23-2.56) and multimorbidity ≥ 3:1.90 (95%CI, 1.36-2.68). When obesity was included in the model, the effect was in the same direction but smaller, indicating that the presence of multimorbidity had an independent effect on the use of sleep medications, even after adjusting for CMD. CONCLUSION: The presence of multimorbidity increased the probability of using sleep medications by approximately 80%, regardless of the observed cutoff point, inclusion of obesity in multimorbidity, and adjustment for CMD. Specific aspects of some chronic conditions may interfere with sleep quality, predisposing women to begin use of these medications at early ages and, consequently, to continue their use throughout later life.

Multimorbidity patterns: obesity as the main modifiable risk factor in adult women in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify multimorbidity patterns in women in southern Brazil, and its relationship with sociodemographic, lifestyle characteristics, and nutritional status, as well as to explore the main independent risk factor for the identified patterns. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with 1,128 women (20-69 years), southern Brazil. Chronic conditions were identified using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use of medications. Multimorbidity was assessed as ≥2 or ≥3 chronic conditions to identify dyads and triads. Poisson regression was used to explore risk factors in the different adjustment models. As independent variables evaluated, in addition to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle variables were included: consumption of fruits and vegetables, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and nutritional status. Results: Eleven dyads (frequencies between 2.0% and 6.4%) and three triads (frequencies between 1.9% and 2.1%) of morbidities were identified in the study. Aging was related to a higher prevalence of all patterns, and obesity was a risk factor for multimorbidity patterns that contained conditions related to the cardiovascular and metabolic system and mental health. After adjustment, obesity increased the probability of "hypertension + common mental disorders (CMD)" (PR 3.63; 95% CI 1.94-6.78) and "dyslipidemia + CMD" (PR 3.69; 95% CI 1.08-12.65) by more than three times. Conclusion: This study identified common and important diseases in the patterns, associated with a common risk factor, obesity, that must be addressed by public health policies to prevent multimorbidity.

Influência do apoio social e capital social no consumo alimentar de adultos no sul do Brasil / Influence of social support and social capital on food consumption of adults in southern Brazil

Resumo Introdução As escolhas alimentares podem ser influenciadas por apoio social e capital social. Objetivo Investigar as relações do apoio social e capital social com o consumo alimentar. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra aleatória de 1.098 adultos (≥ 18 anos de idade) de uma cidade no Sul do Brasil. O apoio social foi mensurado por meio da escala Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), e o capital social contemplou a avaliação dos indicadores de coesão social, apoio dos vizinhos, controle social informal, eficácia política e ação social. Para o consumo alimentar, utilizou-se de uma escala com base nas orientações do guia alimentar para a população brasileira. Resultados A média de idade da amostra foi de 44 anos (DP[Desvio-padrão] = 15,8), e identificou-se um consumo alimentar adequado em 38,6% (IC95%: 35,7 a 41,5). Após ajuste, observou-se uma probabilidade 40% maior para adoção de consumo alimentar adequado (saudável) entre os indivíduos com maior nível de apoio social (OR = 1,47; IC95%: 1,07 a 2,03), coesão social (OR = 1,40; IC95%: 1,02 a 1,92) e apoio dos vizinhos (OR = 1,45; IC95%: 1,04 a 2,02). Conclusão Os aspectos psicossociais, tanto individual quanto contextual, podem desempenhar um papel importante no consumo alimentar saudável em adultos.

Abstract Background Food choices can be influenced by psychosocial factors. Objective To investigate the relationships between social support and social capital with food consumption. Method This is a population-based cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1098 adults (≥18 years old) from a medium-sized city in southern Brazil. Social support was measured by Medical Outocomes Study (MOS) scale and social capital was assessed by social cohesion, neighbor support, informal social control, political effectiveness, and social action. For the assessment of food consumption was applied a scale based on the food guide for the Brazilian population. Results The mean age of the sample was 44 years (SD [Standard Deviation] = 15.8) and adequate food consumption was identified in 38.6% (95% CI: 35.7 to 41.5). After adjustment, there was a 40% higher probability of adopting adequate (healthy) food consumption among individuals with higher level of social support (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.03), cohesion. social (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.92) and support from neighbors (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.02). Conclusion Both individual and contextual psychosocial aspects can play an important role in healthy food consumption in adults.

Dietary pattern as a predictor of multimorbidity patterns: A population-based cross-sectional study with women.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Multimorbidity is a common health condition, and the relationship between different patterns of multimorbidity and food consumption through dietary patterns needs to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and multimorbidity patterns in women. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study included 1128 women (aged 20-69 years) living in southern Brazil. We identified multimorbidity patterns using principal component analysis, and the main exposure of the study was three dietary patterns, as derived in a previous study: healthy, risk, and Brazilian patterns. Using Poisson regression with robust variance, the scores of multimorbidity patterns (high/low) were evaluated using different adjustment models. RESULTS: Three patterns of multimorbidity were derived: cardiometabolic (dyslipidemia, circulatory disorders, hypertension, diabetes), endocrine-articular (thyroid diseases, osteoporosis/osteopenia, rheumatic diseases), and psychosomatic (chronic pain, common mental disorders, acid-related digestive disorders). In the relationship between the dietary patterns and multimorbidity patterns, after adjustment, it was observed that a greater adherence to the Brazilian dietary pattern was associated with a lower probability of a high score for the cardiometabolic pattern (PR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.51-0.89) and psychosomatic pattern (PR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.47-0.84). Greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern was associated with a higher probability of a high score for the cardiometabolic pattern (PR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.27-2.25) and endocrine-articular pattern (PR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.39-3.02). The risk dietary pattern did not demonstrate an association after adjustment was implemented. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of an association between dietary patterns and multimorbidity patterns. Greater adherence to the Brazilian dietary pattern was a protective factor for a high score for the cardiometabolic and psychosomatic pattern in women. Dietary orientation should be considered in guidelines related to multimorbidity, constituting part of the prevention and management strategies for this condition.

Fatores associados à não realização do exame clínico das mamas em São Leopoldo, RS, 2015: estudo de base populacional / Factors associated with not performing clinical breast exams in São Leopoldo, RS, 2015: a population-based study

Resumo Introdução No Sul do Brasil, a principal causa de mortalidade por neoplasias entre as mulheres está ocupada pelo câncer de mama. O exame clínico anual das mamas está recomendado como medida de rastreamento. Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de não realização do exame clínico de mamas nos últimos 12 meses e fatores associados em mulheres de 20 a 69 anos residentes no município de São Leopoldo/RS em 2015. Método Estudo transversal de base populacional, no qual foram incluídas na análise variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP) por regressão de Poisson. Resultados Entre 1.128 mulheres, a prevalência de não realização de exame clínico das mamas foi de 52,6% (IC95%: 51,1-57,2); na análise ajustada, a não realização do exame mostrou-se associada à classe econômica D/E (RP = 1,58; IC95%: 1,16-2,15) e escolaridade de 0 a 4 anos de estudo (RP = 2,16; IC95%: 1,33-3,53). Conclusão As mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social apresentaram maior probabilidade de não realização do exame, demonstrando a iniquidade do sistema.

Abstract Background In southern Brazil, the main cause of mortality from cancer among women is breast cancer. Annual clinical breast examination is recommended as a screening measure. Objective To investigate the prevalence of patients that did not perform breast exams in the last 12 months and its associated factors in women aged 20 to 69 years living in São Leopoldo/RS in 2015. Method The present research is a population-based, cross-sectional study; demographic and socio-economic variables were included in the analysis; prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated by Poisson regression. Results Among the 1128 women sampled, the prevalence of not performing clinical breast exams was of 52.6% (95%CI: 51.1-57.2); in the adjusted analysis, not performing clinical breast exams was associated with having a D/E socio-economic status (PR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.16-2.15), as well as with having an educational level of 0 to 4 years of study (PR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.33-3.53). Conclusion Women in social vulnerability were more likely to not perform the exams, demonstrating the inequity of the system.

Relationship between temperature and relative humidity on initial spread of COVID-19 cases and related deaths in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Climate conditions may influence the transmission of COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 cases and related deaths during the initial phase of the epidemic in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: An ecological study based on secondary data was conducted. Daily data on new COVID-19 cases, deaths, and climate indicators were collected from February 20 to April 18, 2020 (n = 59 days) for all state capital cities in Brazil and the Federal District (Brasília). The climate indicators included mean temperature, temperature amplitude, mean relative humidity, relative humidity amplitude, and percentage of days with mean relative humidity ≤ 65 %. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed for all cities and stratified by quintiles of the COVID-19 incidence rate. RESULTS: The mean daily temperature was positively correlated with the number of days until the first COVID-19 case was reported. A lower mean relative humidity was correlated with a lower number of cases and deaths in Brazil, especially when the relative humidity was ≤ 65 %. Higher temperatures and humidity amplitudes were correlated with lower COVID-19 mortality. Additionally, after controlling for humidity, cumulative cases of COVID-19 were inversely associated with temperature in cities with mean temperatures less than 25.8 °C. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in temperature and humidity across the Brazilian territory may have influenced the spread of the novel coronavirus during the initial phase of the epidemic.

Lifestyle, high Body Mass Index, and markers of socioeconomic conditions associated with multimorbidity in women.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors in women in southern Brazil. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,128 women (age 20-69 years), living in São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions measured using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use medications prescribed by a physician. Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and multimorbidity. RESULTS: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 21.7% (95%CI 19.3-24.2), and 26 chronic conditions were identified. A direct linear association was observed with age and income and an inverse association with education. Being unemployed was a risk factor for multimorbidity (PR 1.95; 95%CI 1.51-2.52). Alcohol consumption (moderate or excessive) had a protective effect. Overweight and obese women were 53% (PR 1.53; 95%CI 1.09-2.15) and 76% (PR 1.76; 95%CI 1.27-2.45) more likely to have multimorbidity than eutrophic women. CONCLUSION: Over 20% of the adult women had multimorbidity, and its occurrence was strongly associated with socioeconomic characteristics, such as fewer years of schooling, higher income, and not having an occupation. The results regarding alcohol consumption are still insufficient to propose a public policy for the prevention of multimorbidity. Excess weight was an independent risk factor and should be addressed in public health policies for the prevention and management of multimorbidity.

Obesity Among Industrial Workers in Brazil: A Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence and Associated Factors.

OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among industrial workers. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of secondary data from workers aged 18 to 59 years in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. RESULTS: A total of 20,820 workers (12,372 men and 8448 women) were investigated. The overall prevalence of obesity was 14.6% (95% CI [confidence interval]: 14.2 to 15.1), 16.4% (95% CI: 15.6 to 17.2) among women and 13.5% (95% ci: 12.9 to 14.1) among men. After adjusting, obesity was significantly associated with increasing age, living with a partner, lower education, and ex-smoking status in both sexes. However, it was associated with lower income in women, and higher income and physical inactivity in men. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was prevalent among Brazilian industrial workers and sociodemographic characteristics are important factors related to obesity.

Prevalence and factors associated with excessive and severe daytime sleepiness among healthcare university students in the Brazilian Midwest.

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with excessive and severe daytime sleepiness in healthcare university students. A cross-sectional university-based study was conducted with 1,779 students from a university located in the Brazilian Midwest State of Goiás, Brazil, in 2018. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and classified as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS; cut-off ESS score ≥10) and severe EDS (S-EDS; cut-off ESS score ≥16). Associated factors included sociodemographic, behavioural, academic, nutritional status, and sleep-related and perceived health characteristics. Poisson regression was used for the data analysis. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 22.5 (3.84) years. The prevalence of EDS was 54.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51.9-56.1) and S-EDS was 10.0% (95% CI 9.2-11.7). After adjustment, a higher probability of occurrence of EDS was found among women (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.37, 95% CI 1.24-1.53), younger students (PR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.42), those who were studying medicine (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28), with poor sleep quality (PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17-1.43), and among those who reported constant loss of sleep due to internet use (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27). After adjustment, the highest probability of occurrence of S-EDS was found among women (PR 1.72, 95% CI 1.22-2.43), among those with poor sleep quality (PR 2.17, 95% CI 1.54-3.08), and medical students (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.01-1.90). In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of daytime sleepiness among healthcare university students, especially among medical students and women.

Lifestyle, high Body Mass Index, and markers of socioeconomic conditions associated with multimorbidity in women

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors in women in southern Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,128 women (age 20-69 years), living in São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions measured using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use medications prescribed by a physician. Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and multimorbidity. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 21.7% (95%CI 19.3-24.2), and 26 chronic conditions were identified. A direct linear association was observed with age and income and an inverse association with education. Being unemployed was a risk factor for multimorbidity (PR 1.95; 95%CI 1.51-2.52). Alcohol consumption (moderate or excessive) had a protective effect. Overweight and obese women were 53% (PR 1.53; 95%CI 1.09-2.15) and 76% (PR 1.76; 95%CI 1.27-2.45) more likely to have multimorbidity than eutrophic women. Conclusion: Over 20% of the adult women had multimorbidity, and its occurrence was strongly associated with socioeconomic characteristics, such as fewer years of schooling, higher income, and not having an occupation. The results regarding alcohol consumption are still insufficient to propose a public policy for the prevention of multimorbidity. Excess weight was an independent risk factor and should be addressed in public health policies for the prevention and management of multimorbidity.

Association of dietary patterns, number of daily meals and anthropometric measures in women in age of menopause

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association of dietary patterns, number of daily meals and anthropometric measures among women in age of menopause. Subjects and methods: This was a transversal study with 320 women over 50 years old from Caxias do Sul, Brazil. The outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Multiple linear regression was performed. Results: Three dietary patterns: regional, fruits and vegetables, and common Brazilian was identified by Principal Component Analysis. After adjustment, higher adoption of the regional dietary pattern was associated with increased BMI (β = 0.56 [CI95% = 0.03-1.08], p = 0.037) and WC (β = 1.28 [CI95% = 0.17-2,55], p = 0.047). The highest number of meals per day (>=5/day) was associated with reduced BMI (β = -1.18 [CI95% = -2.30 to -0.05], p = 0.041) and WC (β = -2.77 [CI95% = -5.41 to -0.13], p = 0.039), and a mid-afternoon snack BMI (β = -2.16 [CI95% = -3.66 to -0.65], p = 0.005) and WC (β = -5.76 [CI95% = -9.29 to -2.23], p = 0,001). The regional dietary pattern was inversely associated with have five or more meals per day (β = -0.51 [CI95% = -0.84 to -0.18], p = 0.002) and have a mid-afternoon snack (β = -0.63 [CI95% = -1.07 to -0.18], p = 0.006). The fruit and vegetables dietary pattern was positively associated with have five or more meals per day (β = 0.35 [CI95% = 0.02-0.69], p = 0.034). Conclusion: The regional dietary pattern has resulted in higher BMI and WC measures and contributes to decreased meals per day, behavior associated with higher anthropometric measures.

Qualidade do sono e fatores associados em universitários do Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Sleep quality and associated factors in university students in the Midwest of Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: A qualidade do sono é uma das queixas mais frequentes entre estudantes universitários. OBJETIVOS: Identificar a prevalência de má qualidade do sono e os fatores associados em acadêmicos da área da saúde de uma universidade do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com uma amostra de 2171 universitários com média de idade de 22,7 (±3,9). O desfecho, sono de má qualidade, foi avaliado por meio da versão brasileira do questionário Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR). As variáveis independentes (demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais) foram avaliadas por meio de um questionário padronizado. As análises multivariadas foram realizadas por meio de Regressão de Poisson, estimando-se as Razões de Prevalências (RP) ajustadas e seus respectivos Intervalos de Confiança de 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: A média do escore do PSQI-BR foi 7,0. A prevalência de má qualidade do sono foi de 63,5% (IC95% 61,4-65,5), sendo 60,3% nos homens e 64,8% nas mulheres. Após análise ajustada, auto percepção de saúde razoável/ruim esteve associada com má qualidade do sono em ambos os sexos. Além disso, para os homens, a prevalência de má qualidade do sono foi maior para os estudantes que fumavam; e foi menor para aqueles que consumiam adequadamente frutas, legumes e verduras e eram suficientemente ativos. Já para as mulheres, a prevalência de má qualidade do sono foi maior naquelas com 24 ou mais anos de idade, sem companheiro, que consumiam bebidas alcoólicas e que cursavam medicina. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se elevada prevalência do desfecho na amostra. Além disso, a má qualidade do sono ocorre de forma diferente entre homens e mulheres. Ressalva-se a importância do monitoramento da má qualidade do sono em estudantes universitários.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep quality is one of the most frequent complaints among college students. OBJETIVE: To identify the prevalence of poor sleep quality and associated factors in health care academics at a university in the Midwest of Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 2171 university students with a mean age of 22.7 (±3.9). The outcome, poor quality sleep, was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR) questionnaire. Independent variables (demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral) were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate analyzes were performed using Poisson Regression, estimating the adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) and their respective 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The mean score of the PSQI-BR was 7.0. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 63.5% (95%CI 61.4-65.5), being 60.3% in men and 64.8% in women. After adjusted analysis, reasonable/poor self-rated health was associated with poor sleep quality in both sexes. Furthermore, for men, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was higher for students who smoked; and it was lower for those who adequately consumed fruits and vegetables and were sufficiently active. As for women, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was higher in those aged 24 or over, without a partner, who consumed alcoholic beverages and who were studying medicine. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of the outcome in the sample. Furthermore, poor sleep quality occurs differently between men and women. Thus, we emphasize the importance of monitoring poor sleep quality in college students.

Factors associated with common mental disorders: a study based on clusters of women.

OBJECTIVE: to identify factors associated with common mental disorders (CMD) in a sample of adult women in Southern Brazil. METHODS: This population-based study, composed of 1,128 women, investigated socioeconomic, behavioral and health/disease explanatory demographic variables. Five response groups were explored: one group with common mental disorders - cut-off point 6/7 in the Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) - and four others corresponding to the different clusters found using the latent class clustering technique, also from the SRQ-20. These four clusters (low, medium-depressive, medium-digestive and high) were named (denominated) based on the mean scores in the SRQ-20 in each group and on the response patterns of the variables and factorial characteristics. The "low" cluster comprised women with lower SRQ-20 scores and, therefore less likely to present CMD. The "high" cluster, with high mean values in the SRQ-20, was related to higher psychiatric morbidity. We used the Poisson regression technique to compare the findings of the different groups. RESULTS: We identified ten variables as factors associated with CMD. Age, education, smoking, physical activity, perception of health and number of medical appointments were the common variables for the cut-off point and cluster-based analyses. Heavy alcohol use was associated only when the sample was evaluated as a cut-off point. Social class, work situation and existence of chronic diseases were associated only when the sample was analyzed by clusters. There was a significant association in the "high" cluster with lower classes (D or E), smoking, physical inactivity, existence of chronic diseases and negative perception of health. CONCLUSION: We identified different associated factors according to the response groups considered. New approaches allowing identification of subgroups of individuals with specific characteristics and associated factors may contribute for a more accurate understanding of CMD and provide the basis for health interventions.