Characteristics of dengue fever in the Caribbean region 1: the epidemiology of the disease

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To collect and analyze data on the epidemiology of dengue in 3 Caribbean countries during 1997 and 1998. DESIGN AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all public health authorities in the region soliciting information on the incidence of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) for 1997 and 1998 surveillance systems in place for dengue and mortality data which were analyzed. RESULTS: In 1998, there was a two-fold increase in dengue cases over the 1997 figures. Incidence rates for 1997 ranged from 748/10,000 (Martinique) through 201/10,000 (Puerto Rico), down to no cases detected in countries such as the Cayman Islands. Encouragingly, some countries showed reduced numbers of cases in 1998; 6 countries reported types 2 and 3, 7 countries, type 1 and two countries, type 4. In 1997, there were 30 deaths attributed to DHF in the region, while in 1998 there were only 20. Only 8 countries (35 percent) reported the use of a stratified surveillance system for the early detection of dengue. Sentinel posts were used in only 10 (43 percent) countries. There was a marked seasonal occurrence of dengue cases with the wetter periods of the year. CONCLUSIONS: These data will help to improve surveillance and enhance management programmes aimed at the elimination of disease transmission.(Au)