[Antimicrobial in vitro effects of eight essential oils on Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica from nasopharyngeal swab samples of fattening calves]. / Antimikrobielle in-vitro-Wirkung acht ätherischer Öle auf Pasteurella multocida und Mannheimia haemolytica aus Nasenrachentupferproben von Mastkälbern.

INTRODUCTION: Essential oils are secondary metabolites of aromatic plants and are used in phytotherapy to treat various diseases. In the present study, eight selected essential oils - ajwain oil (Trachyspermum ammi L.), fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare), thyme oil chemotype (ct.) thymol (Thymus vulgaris L.), tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel.), oregano oil (Origanum vulgare L.), mountain savory oil (Satureja montana L.), lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.) and eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) -were examined for their antibacterial effect against Pasteurella (P.) multocida and Mannheimia (M.) haemolytica isolates from deep nasopharyngeal swab samples of fattening calves using agar diffusion and microdilution. All eight essential oils were effective against the tested isolates. Lemongrass oil proved to be the most potent of all eight essential oils, while fennel oil was only weakly effective. Different antimicrobial effects were observed between the two research methods. The effectiveness of ajwain, thyme, oregano and mountain savory oils was comparable in agar diffusion. However, this could not be reproduced using the microdilution method. P. multocida was found to be more sensitive to all essential oils tested than M. haemolytica. This study shows that the tested essential oils have antimicrobial in-vitro effects on P. multocida and M. haemolytica isolates and that the examination method is associated with the test result.

INTRODUCTION: Les huiles essentielles sont des métabolites secondaires de plantes aromatiques et sont utilisées en phytothérapie pour le traitement de différentes maladies. Dans la présente étude, huit huiles essentielles sélectionnées ­ huile d'ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.), huile de fenouil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare), huile de thym chémotype (ct.) thymol (Thymus vulgaris L.), huile d'arbre à thé (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel.), huile d'origan (Origanum vulgare L.), huile de sarriette de montagne (Satureja montana L. ), huile de citronnelle (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.) et huile d'eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) ­ ont été étudiées par diffusion sur gélose et microdilution pour leur effet antibactérien sur des isolats de Pasteurella (P.) multocida et de Mannheimia (M.) haemolytica provenant d'échantillons d'écouvillons nasaux profonds de veaux d'engraissement. Les huit huiles essentielles se sont révélées efficaces sur les isolats testés. L'huile de citronnelle s'est avérée être la plus puissante des huit huiles essentielles, tandis que l'huile de fenouil n'était que faiblement efficace. Des effets différents ont été observés entre les deux méthodes de recherche utilisées. Par exemple, l'efficacité des huiles d'ajowan, de thym, d'origan et de sarriette de montagne était comparable dans la diffusion sur gélose. Cependant, cela n>a pas pu être reproduit avec la méthode de microdilution. P. multocida s'est révélée plus sensible que M. haemolytica à toutes les huiles essentielles testées. Cette étude montre premièrement que les huiles essentielles testées ont une efficacité antimicrobienne in vitro sur des isolats cliniques de P. multocida et de M. haemolytica. Deuxièmement, elle montre que la méthode d'examen est associée au résultat du test.

[Literature review on phyto-therapeutics for the treatment of bovine mastitis]. / Literaturübersicht zum Thema ­Phytotherapie zur Behandlung von ­Mastitis beim Rind.

INTRODUCTION: Literature review on phyto-therapeutics for the treatment of bovine mastitis.

INTRODUCTION: Afin de trouver une alternative aux traitements antibiotiques conventionnels des mammites bovines, une recherche bibliographique a été menée en 2015 sur les agents phytothérapeutiques qui ont été étudiés in vitro et utilisés in vivo (sur des patients) dans le monde entier. Une recherche bibliographique est l'une des premières étapes du développement d'un agent phytothérapeutique peroral contre les mammites bovines en utilisant la méthode de «pharmacologie inverse¼. Des phytothérapies citées dans le monde entier dans tous les types d'administration ont été compilées et comptées. Un total de 935 citations pertinentes différentes ont été trouvées dans 195 publications, qui ont été séparées et comptées en fonction de leur type d'appli­cation et de l'espèce cible. La liste de toutes les plantes et les citations peuvent être téléchargés à partir de http://vets.ch/desktop/liste-des-plantes_fuchs_def_sat.pdf . On a répertorié dans la présente étude 106 plantes pour l'application perorale, 45 plantes pour l'application intra mammaire et 24 huiles essentielles (perorale, intra mammaire ou topique) pour le traitement des mammites bovines. La condition préalable à cette sélection était que les plantes soient mentionnées dans la littérature comme agent thérapeutique. En outre, il a été pris en compte si des études in vitro ou in vivo avaient déjà été menées. D'une part, cette liste devrait servir de preuve de l'utilisation traditionnelle des plantes dans le traitement des mammites bovines et, d'autre part, constituer une base pour de nouvelles recherches.

Follow-up of 100 dogs with acute diarrhoea in a primary care practice.

This study aimed to examine the aetiology of acute diarrhoea and the relapse rate in 100 client-owned dogs presented to a first-opinion clinic. History, physical examination, faecal testing and owner questionnaire data were collected at initial presentation (T0) and at either the time of relapse or at a recheck performed within 3 months. All dogs received treatment according to their clinical signs. Of 96 dogs that completed the study, 37 (38.5%) relapsed during the study period, 21 (21.9%) relapsed within 3 months, and 16 others (16.6%) at 3 months to 1 year after initial examination. Dogs that had undergone a change in housing location within 1 month prior to presentation and dogs <1 year old were significantly more likely to have positive parasitological analyses (P=0.02 and P=0.001, respectively). Pica was a risk factor for relapse (P=0.0002).

[Diagnosis and therapy of a dog with an atypical eosinophilic cellulitis]. / Diagnostic et traitement d'une cellulite éosinophilique atypique chez un chien.

A 6 years old female bernese mountain dog was seen for a nodular and erythemato-edematous dermatosis resistant to therapy. The histopathological exam showed a eosinophilic cellulitis with flame figures, which are caracteristic for the Wells' syndrome in human. A combined treatment with marbofloxacin and prednisolone brought first a stabilisation of the disease. The cutaneous lesions worsened however at the end of the antibiotic treatment, after reduction of the steroid dosage. The prescription of dapsone did not change the clinical image, which motivated the owner to euthanize the dog. This case report is presented to make practitioners aware of a rare but particularly challenging dermatological problem.

[Prevalence of heart murmurs, aortic and pulmonic stenosis in boxers presented for pre-breeding exams in Switzerland]. / Prävalenz von Herzgeräuschen, Aorten- und Pulmonalstenosen bei Zuchtuntersuchungen von Boxern in der Schweiz.

Boxer are predisposed to subaortic (SAS) and pulmonic stenosis (PS). To decrease the prevalence, pre-breeding cardiologic exams were performed in the last years. In our study the results of 309 pre-breeding exams of boxers presented between 1999 and 2008 were evaluated retrospectively. The overall prevalence of heart murmurs was 26.5 %. A SAS was diagnosed in 25 (8.1 %) and a PS in 10 (3.3 %) dogs. A combination of both defects was found in 7 (2.3 %) Boxers. Animals with a heart murmur of at least grade 3/6 had a significantly higher peak aortic flow velocity (VmaxAo) than animals without or only soft heart murmurs. Over the study period both the frequency of heart murmurs and diagnosis of SAS and PS decreased.

[Analysis of dogs and cats behavior during the physical examination in veterinary practice]. / Analyse du comportement des chiens et des chats pendant l'examen physique en cabinet vétérinaire.

The behavior of 100 healthy dogs and 100 healthy cats was analysed during their physical examination from "head to tail". A complete physical examination was possible without restraint in 70 % of the dogs and 76 % of the cats. Only a partial examination was possible in 24 % of the dogs and 20 % of the cats. The physical examination could not be correctly performed in 6 % of the dogs and 4 % of the cats. 16 % of the dogs and 13 % of the cats showed aggressive or dangerous behavior. Male dogs were more frequently aggressive than bitches (p = 0.01).

Effects of benazepril in the treatment of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Results of a prospective, open-label, multicenter clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of benazepril on clinical signs and echocardiographic parameters in cats with primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). BACKGROUND: ACE-inhibitors have positive effects in man with HCM, and contribute to a reduction of myocardial hypertrophy. Addition of an ACE-inhibitor to the standard treatment of HCM in cats may have beneficial effects. METHODS: A total of 32 cats which were either asymptomatic or in stabilised congestive heart failure (ISACHC* class Ib, II or IIIa) were included in a one-year, prospective, open-label, clinical trial in 5 centres in Switzerland. 28 of these cats were allocated to one of two treatment groups: 1) standard therapy (ST) alone (n=9), consisting of a long-acting formulation of diltiazem (6-9 mg/kg sid) and optional acetylsalicylic acid (50 mg twice weekly, or 2) the same ST plus benazepril (0.33 - 0.75 mg/kg sid, n=19). RESULTS: Cats treated with benazepril showed a statistically significant decrease (mean +/- SEM, 0.11 +/- 0.03 mm/month, p = 0.002) in the left ventricular wall thickness (LVWD) from baseline, while no change (increase of 0.02 +/- 0.04 mm/month, p=0.66) was observed in cats on ST alone. Differences in LVWD between the two groups reached statistical significance (p=0.02). Benazepril treated cats showed more improvement in clinical signs (20-53%) than cats receiving ST alone (0-20%) but differences between the groups were not statistically significant (p>0.1). No change in septal thickness (IVSD) or left atrial to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao) was observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Benazepril had some beneficial effects on clinical signs and cardiac remodelling in cats with HCM and was well tolerated. These results, however, need to be confirmed in additional controlled studies. * ISACHC classification is described in the previous paper (Bench-study).

[A case of interatrial communication in a dog]. / Un case de communication interatriale (CIA) chez le chien.

A 4 month old female German Shepherd was presented for the work-up of a heart murmur that has been detected by the referring veterinarian. Clinical examination and thoracic radiography showed an enlargement of the right ventricle, and an increased pulmonary perfusion. Echocardiography showed an interatrial communication (atrial septum defect), and colour Doppler allowed the confirmation of a left to right shunt. The article discusses the diagnostic possibilities of this rare congenital cardiac malformation in the dog.

[ECG abnormalities in Airedale terriers]. / EKG-Abnormalitäten beim Airedale Terrier.

Because of bradyarrhythmic complications under anesthesia in two Airedale Terriers, we performed a prospective search of ECG-abnormalities in healthy dogs of that breed. Resting ECG's were screened for routine abnormalities. None of the 42 dogs investigated so far had a completely normal ECG. Among the common abnormalities were: deviation of the mean electrical axis (MEA) in 32 dogs, low voltage QRS-complexes in 22 dogs, and AV-blocks 1st degree in 14 dogs. None of the recorded abnormalities with the exception of AV-blocks, were considered predictors of anesthetic complications. Because of the high frequency of recorded abnormalities, we are continuing this prospective study.