High-sensitivity optical monitoring of a micromechanical resonator with a quantum-limited optomechanical sensor.

We experimentally demonstrate the high-sensitivity optical monitoring of a micromechanical resonator and its cooling by active control. Coating a low-loss mirror upon the resonator, we have built an optomechanical sensor based on a very high-finesse cavity (30 000). We have measured the thermal noise of the resonator with a quantum-limited sensitivity at the 10(-19) m/sqrt[Hz] level, and cooled the resonator down to 5 K by a cold-damping technique. Applications of our setup range from quantum optics experiments to the experimental demonstration of the quantum ground state of a macroscopic mechanical resonator.

[Hypoglycemia during the course of chronic renal failure]. / Hipoglikemia w przebiegu przewleklej niewydolnosci nerek.

In two patients with end stage renal failure and not treated diabetes spontaneous hypoglycaemiaes were observed. The lowest levels of glucose in blood serum were: 1.9 mmol/L and 1.16 mmol/L. These levels were accompanied by symptoms of severe neuroglycopenia. Despite of intensive pharmacological treatment recurrent hypoglycaemia episodes appeared for 34 hours in one case and 32 hours in the other. Authors discussed pathophysiological processes leading to hypoglycaemia in end stage renal failure patients. It seems that disturbances in renal gluconeogenesis together with lower degradation of insulin played the key role in creating hypoglycaemia in those two patients.

[Pontine and extra-pontine myelinolysis. Early diagnostic and prognostic value of cerebral CT and MRI]. / Pontine und extrapontine Myelinolysen. Frühdiagnostischer und prognostischer Wert von zerebralem CT und MRT.

Retrospective examination of 44 patients with central pontine and/or extrapontine myelinolysis leads to the conclusion that in early diagnostics cerebral NMR is superior to cCT. T2-weighted images turned out to be the most sensitive parameter. Frequent contrast-medium enhancement early in the course up to 4 weeks after clinical manifestation in 7 patients underlines the pathogenetic idea of an initial transient blood-brain barrier. According to our results, central-pontine myelinolysis (CPM) proof by NMR can be expected after 1 week. During the clinical course, cCT and NMR findings showed no regression. Also no connection was noted between the size of the pontine lesion and the favorable clinical course in 72.2% of the patients, nor was there a correlation with the extent of the neurological symptoms at the crisis of the disease. Altogether, cCT and NMR are irrelevant for the prognosis of cerebral myelinolysis.

Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of silicon oxynitride thin films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering.

SiO(x)N(y) thin films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering to realize low-loss optical multilayers have been studied. We have analyzed the variations of the optical and physicochemical properties of oxynitride layers according to the deposition parameters: the gas partial pressures, the rf power, and the target composition. A linear variation of the layer refractive index as a function of the oxygen partial pressure was observed as well as a strict substitution of O atoms by N atoms. Thanks to IR spectrophotometric analyses, a model of the oxynitride amorphous structure was proposed and confirmed by Bruggeman and Gained approximation methods. Finally, the absorption level of the oxynitride layers was studied by photothermal deflection spectroscopy.

[Lacrimal duct recanalization with balloon catheter]. / Tränenwegrekanalisation mit Ballonkatheter.

In dilation of nasolacrimal duct stenosis materials now being used originally were developed for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Suitable modifications of the angioplasty equipment could improve therapeutic results and thus influence the area of indication of this new technique. In addition to the standard PTCA equipment, we used a cannula designed to fit the guide wire, leading to less traumatic intubation of the lacrimal duct and allowing radiographic control of the recanalization procedure. Five patients showing relative stenosis and ten patients showing complete obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct were treated by dacryocystoplasty. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was done over a period of 6 months. In a total of seven patients, dilation proved successful. Out of these, four showed stenosis (80% recanalization rate) and three complete obstruction (30% recanalization rate) before dilation. Recanalization by dilation using balloon catheters seems to be possible even in cases of complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction. However, the success rate is considerably lower than in relative stenosis.

[Ethylene glycol poisoning as a cause of chronic renal failure]. / Zatrucie glikolem etylenowym jako przyczyna przewleklej nefropatii.

We showed some observations two Dialysis Centres concerning acute ethylene glycol poisoning and four cases of chronic renal failure progress. Renal biopsy at one patient and our clinical observations indicate for possibility of chronic renal failure development in some pts. We discussed hypotension of CRF development at those pts.

Development of low-loss sapphire mirrors.

We report on the successful development of low-loss sapphire mirrors for use at a 1-mum wavelength. Methods for polishing and coating are described. The analysis of each process shows a roughness of better than 0.1 nm, a coating scattering of 1 ppm, and a surface scattering of 13 ppm. The mirrors have been characterized in a Fabry-Perot cavity, having a finesse of 100, 000. Mode doublets result from the birefringence of the coatings.

[Glycol ethylene poisoning as a cause of chronic renal failure]. / Zatrucie glikolem etylenowym jako przyczyna przewleklej nefropatii.

There were shown some observations from two Dialysis Centres concerning acute Ethylene Glycol poisoning and four cases of chronic renal failure progress. The renal biopsy made at one patient and our clinical observations indicate for possibility of chronic renal failure development in some pts. There were discussed hypothesis of CRF development at these pts.

[Acute kidney failure associated with pregnancy and delivery]. / Ostra niewydolnosc nerek zwiazana z ciaza i porodem.

The cases of acute renal failure are presented. Severity of the disease, employed treatment and diagnostic problems were discussed. The early dialysis treatment at those patients is postulated (discussed).

[US Doppler guide wire. Initial experiences in angioplasty of peripheral blood vessels]. / US-Doppler-Führungsdraht. Erste Erfahrungen bei der Angioplastie peripherer Gefässe.

Forty-two patients underwent endoluminal Doppler examination of blood flow velocity proximally, at the stenosis and distal to it by means of a 0.018 in. Doppler guide wire. The method was found to be an accurate tool for documentation of a wide spectrum of stenoses of different morphology. The changes induced by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)-hemodynamic changes as well as vascular wall lesions-could be documented precisely. Remaining stenoses after PTA were precisely verified as compared to angiography. In multiple stenoses or in stenoses with pure run-off, the hemodynamic significance of the lesion was evaluated. Intravascular Doppler flow measurement is valuable in angiographically imprecise cases. The method fits well into the angiographic routine examination.

[Hypernatremia in a patient with extrarenal kidney failure during the course of prostatic adenoma]. / Hipernatremia u chorego z pozanerkowa niewydolnoscia nerek w przebiegu gruczolaka stercza.

A case is described of a rare cause of hypernatraemia in a 68-year-old patient in whom renal failure developed due to an obstacle in urine flow in the course of prostatic adenoma. Of interest are high, life-threatening values of sodium concentration in the plasma, severe course of the disease, and high grade urinary sodium loss.