Further investigation of the lateral approach for the resection of Knosp grade 4 pituitary adenomas in endoscopic endonasal surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The authors performed a further in-depth study of the lateral compartment of the cavernous sinus (LCCS) by the endoscopic endonasal approach to improve the safety and efficacy of the lateral approach for the removal of Knosp grade 4 pituitary adenomas (KG4PAs). METHODS: Twenty-three cadaveric specimens were used for endoscopic endonasal dissection, and the LCCS was exposed to observe the neurovascular and fibrous structures within. A subclassification of the lateral approach based on further knowledge of the LCCS was proposed and used to resect 86 KG4PAs, and the surgical outcomes of these cases were reviewed. Type A KG4PAs represent tumor that was mainly distributed in the posterosuperior and superolateral compartments, type B KG4PAs represent tumor that was mainly distributed in the anteroinferior compartments, and type AB KG4PAs represent tumor that extended into each compartment with characteristics of types 4A and 4B. RESULTS: The authors identified multiple fibers that anchored the horizontal segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) to the abducens nerve. The fibers, the sympathetic nerve, and the inferior lateral trunk form a partition-like structure in the LCCS named the abducens nerve-ICA complex (AIC), and the LCCS can be divided into the superolateral and inferolateral compartments by the AIC. Accordingly, the lateral approach was subclassified into the lateral superior (LS) approach and the anterior inferior (AI) approach. The LS approach was mainly used to resect type A KG4PAs, whereas the AI approach was used to resect type B KG4PAs, and a combination of the two was used to resect type AB KG4PAs. The gross-total, subtotal, and partial resection rates were 81.4%, 12.8%, and 5.8%, respectively. The numbers of cases of postoperative transient cranial nerve palsy, postoperative permanent cranial nerve palsy, ICA injury, and CSF leakage were 6 (6.9%), 2 (2.3%), 1 (1.2%), and 1 (1.2%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the LCCS is divided by the AIC into the superolateral and inferolateral compartments, avoiding the misconception that the LCCS has vertical communication. Therefore, the lateral approach was subclassified into the LS approach and the AI approach for the resection of KG4PAs, which allowed a high gross-total resection rate with acceptable safety in the surgical treatment of KG4PAs.

Low-level Nd:YAG laser inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in human gingival fibroblasts via AMPK/SIRT3 axis.

OBJECTIVE: Photobiomodulation is extensively employed in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study used low-level Nd:YAG laser to investigate the mechanism of photobiomodulation as well as the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sirtuins (SIRT) 3 in it, providing new clues for the treatment of periodontitis. METHODS: Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were extracted from gingiva and stimulated with LPS. The suitable parameters of Nd:YAG laser were chosen for subsequent experiments by detecting cell viability. We assessed the level of inflammation and oxidative stress as well as AMPK and SIRT3. The mechanism for AMPK targeting SIRT3 modulating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of photobiomodulation was explored by the AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) test, cell transfection, western blot, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: HGFs were isolated and identified, followed by the identification of optimal Nd:YAG laser parameters (60 mJ, 15 Hz, 10s) for subsequent experimentation. With this laser, inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, COX2, and iNOS) decreased as well as the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NFκB-P65. SOD2 was up-regulated but reactive oxygen species (ROS) was down-regulated. The laser treatment exhibited enhancements in AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT3 expression. The above effects could all be reversed by Compound C. Silencing AMPK or SIRT3 by siRNA, the down-regulation of COX2, iNOS, and ROS by laser was inhibited. SIRT3 was down-regulated when the AMPK was silenced. CONCLUSION: Low-level Nd:YAG laser activated AMPK-SIRT3 signaling pathway, facilitating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity.

Osteoclast-Derived Exosomal miR-5134-5p Interferes with Alveolar Bone Homeostasis by Targeting the JAK2/STAT3 Axis.

Background: In chronic periodontitis, exosomes transport various informative substances between osteoclasts and osteoblasts in alveolar bone. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of exosomal micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA/miR)-5134-5p derived from osteoclasts on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and the development of periodontitis in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The effects of OC-Exos on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts were identified by Real-time quantitative reverse polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot(WB), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining, etc. Exosomal miRNA expression was analyzed by sequencing. The sites of miRNA action were predicted through TargetScan and tested by double luciferase assay. After transfecting miR-5134-5p mimic/inhibitor into osteoblasts, we measured the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by ALP staining and WB, etc. Furthermore, OC-Exos were injected into the gingival sulcus at the ligation site. Inflammation was observed by Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, the expression of inflammatory factors were detected by qRT-PCR, the resorption of alveolar bone was observed by Micro CT. Results: Osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation were negatively regulated by OC-Exos in vitro. miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that miR-5134-5p expression was significantly elevated in OC-Exos, which also increased in osteoblasts following OC-Exo intervention. The dual-luciferase assay revealed that miR-5134-5p and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) had binding sites. miR-5134-5p-mimics could upregulate miR-5134-5p expression in osteoblasts while downregulating Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2), phosphorylated-JAK2 (p-JAK2), and phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) expression and inhibited osteogenic differentiation. However, miR-5134-5p-inhibitor had the opposite effect. In vivo, the OC-Exo group demonstrated morphological disruption of periodontal tissue, massive inflammatory cell infiltration, upregulation of inflammatory factors mRNA expression, a significant decrease in BV/TV, and an increase in the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest distance. Conclusion: Osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-5134-5p inhibits osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. OC-Exos exacerbate periodontal tissue inflammation and accelerate alveolar bone resorption in mice with experimental periodontitis.

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Trigeminal Schwannomas: Tailored Approaches Based on Lesion Traits.

OBJECTIVES: To describe four endoscopic endonasal subapproaches, namely, the trans-lamina papyracea, trans-prelacrimal recess, trans-Meckel's cave, and transclival approaches for trigeminal schwannomas (TSs). METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records and intraoperative videos of 38 patients with TSs who underwent endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) between Jan 2013 and Dec 2021. RESULTS: According to Jeong's classification, for TS equally in middle and posterior fossae (MP), a purely trans-Meckel's cave approach was carried out in 2 cases, and a combined transclival approach was carried out in 4 cases. The four tumors that involved infratemporal fossa (two E3, one mE3, and one Mpe3) were performed via a trans-prelacrimal recess approach, and type Mpe3 was also assisted by the trans-Meckel's cave approach. One patient with type E1 was treated with a trans-lamina papyracea approach. The other 27 cases, including type M, Mp, ME2, and MpE2, were all removed by a purely trans-Meckel's cave approach. Thirty-six patients (97.4%) received total resection under a purely EEA. The functional abilities and preoperative symptoms of 31 patients (88.6%) improved. Eight (21.1%) patients experienced permanent neurological function deficits. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid and intraoperative internal carotid artery injury occurred in 1 (2.6%) patient. CONCLUSION: According to the specific endoscopic endonasal subapproaches corresponding to the different TS locations, satisfactory results can be obtained for most types of tumors. It represents an effective alternative to the open transcranial approach and can also be properly used in most types of TS with experienced hands. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 133:2564-2571, 2023.

Osteoblasts-Derived Exosomal lncRNA-MALAT1 Promotes Osteoclastogenesis by Targeting the miR-124/NFATc1 Signaling Axis in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages.

Objective: Emerging studies have explained the crucial role of non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in various pathological progressions. The study was designed to examine the role of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and miRNA-124 in the differentiation of osteoclasts, to provide new clues or evidences for the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Methods: We constructed an osteoblast-osteoclast Transwell co-culture system and osteoblast-derived exosomes (OB-exo) intervention model. We assessed the osteoclastogenesis as well as the level of lncRNA-MALAT1 and miRNA-124. The mechanism for lncRNA MALAT1 targeting miR-124 modulating the differentiation of osteoclasts was investigated by cell transfection, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and Dual-Luciferase reporter assays. Results: Osteoblast-derived exosomes were isolated and identified. Co-culture and OB-exo intervention can promote osteoclastogenesis, also significantly up-regulate the expression of MALAT1, while the level of miR-124 is the opposite. Transfection of cells with small interfering RNA (si-MALAT1) and miR-124 mimic decreased the formation of TRAP+ osteoclasts and inhibited the expression of NFATc1. However, the effect was reversed when transfected with miR-124 inhibitor and si-MALAT1. The Dual-Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding sites between MALAT1 and miR-124, and miR-124 and NFATc1. Conclusion: LncRNA MALAT1 functioned as an endogenous sponge by competing for miR-124 binding to regulate NFATc1 expression, accelerating the progression of osteoclastogenesis.

Autophagy-Related Genes Predict the Progression of Periodontitis Through the ceRNA Network.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to identify the crucial autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in periodontitis and construct mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA networks to further understand the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Methods: We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and Human Autophagy Database (HADb) to identify differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and ARGs. These ARGs were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway, and PPI (protein-protein interaction) network analysis. Two databases (miRDB and StarBase v2.0) were used to reverse-predict miRNAs while the miRNA-lncRNA interaction was predicted using the StarBase v2.0 and LncBase Predicted v.2 databases. After excluding the lncRNAs only present in the nucleus, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was built. Finally, we used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to confirm the levels of mRNA expression in the ceRNA network. Results: The differential expression analysis revealed 10 upregulated and 10 downregulated differentially expressed ARGs. After intersecting the reverse-predicted miRNAs with the differentially expressed miRNAs, a ceRNA network consisting of 4 mRNAs (LAMP2, NFE2L2, NCKAP1, and EGFR), 3 miRNAs (hsa-miR-140-3p, hsa-miR-142-5p, and hsa-miR-671-5p), and 30 lncRNAs was constructed. In addition, qRT-PCR results revealed that EGFR expression was downregulated in diseased gingival tissue of periodontitis patients. Conclusion: Four autophagy-related genes, especially EGFR, may play a key role in periodontitis progression. The novel ceRNA network may aid in elucidating the role and the mechanism of autophagy in periodontitis, which could be important in developing new therapeutic options.

Inflamm-Aging-Related Cytokines of IL-17 and IFN-γ Accelerate Osteoclastogenesis and Periodontal Destruction.

Periodontal disease (PD), as an age-related disease, prevalent in middle-aged and elderly population, is characterized as inflammatory periodontal tissue loss, including gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. However, the definite mechanism of aging-related inflammation in PD pathology needs further investigation. Our study is aimed at exploring the effect of inflamm-aging-related cytokines of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and periodontal destruction in vivo. For receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand- (RANKL-) primed bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), IL-17 and IFN-γ enhanced osteoclastogenesis, with the expression of osteoclastogenic mRNA (TRAP, c-Fos, MMP-9, Ctsk, and NFATc1) and protein (c-Fos and MMP-9) upregulated. Ligament-induced rat models were established to investigate the role of IL-17 and IFN-γ on experimental periodontitis. Both IL-17 and IFN-γ could enhance the local inflammation in gingival tissues. Although there might be an antagonistic interaction between IL-17 and IFN-γ, IL-17 and IFN-γ could facilitate alveolar bone loss and osteoclast differentiation.

[Spectral characteristics of Ba3SiO4Cl2 : Eu2+ phosphor for white LED].

Ba3SiO4Cl2 : Eu2+ was synthesized by a high temperature solid state method. BaCO3 (A. R.), BaCl2 (A. R.), SiO2 (99.99%) and Eu2O3 (99.99%) were used as the raw materials. The final phase was checked with a conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD) (D/max-rA, CuKalpha, 40 kV, 100 mA, lambda = 0.154 06 nm). The spectral characteristics of the phosphors were performed by using a Hitachi F-4600 fluorescence spectrophotometer equipped with a 450 W Xe lamp. Ba3SiO4Cl2 : Eu2+ showed broad emission bands at 445 and 510 nm under the 365 nm radiation excitation. For the two emission peaks, the excitation spectra have two different spectral distributions, and the excitation peaks locate at 350 and 400 nm, respectively. The results indicate that different Eu2+ emission centres exist in Ba3SiO4Cl2. The emission intensity of the 445 and 510 nm peaks is influenced by Eu2+ doped content. With increasing its content, the emission intensity of 445 nm gradually increases, and that of 510 nm decreases. With washing the phosphor, the 445 nm emission peak disappears, and the emission spectrum has only the 510 nm emission band, and its intensity is lower than that of the original phosphor.

[Study on the spectral properties of Ca7(SiO4)2Cl6 phosphor for white LED].

A bluish green Ca7 (SiO4)2Cl6 : Eu2+ phosphor used for UV excited white LED was synthesized by high temperature solid state method. The XRD patterns and luminescence properties were investigated. The results indicated that the sample was single Ca7 (SiO4)2Cl6 phase; the emission spectrum included two emission peaks located at 418 and 502 nm, respectively. Monitoring for the two emission peaks, the excitation spectra were two broad band peaks centered at 290 and 360 nm respectively, which illustrated that Eu2+ ions located at two different crystal lattice sites. The influence of Eu2+ ions concentration on the luminescence intensity was studied and the optimal doping concentration was 0.75 mol%. The results showed that this phosphor was a better candidate bluish phosphor for UV based white LED.

[Influence of lighting sources spectra on the human visual brightness identification under the mesopic vision].

Based on the MOVE models and the measurement of emission spectra of various light sources, the photopic function weights x and the mesopic equivalent brightness of human visual spectral luminous efficiency in different background brightness were calculated. Results showed that in the mesopic scope, human visual function peak value gradually increases with the brightness decreasing, and is moving towards the short-wave direction. The change rate is inversely proportional to the s/p index. In the case of ambient brightness for 0.5 cd X m(-2), peak values increase by 30% compared to the photopic function. Compared to the traditional test results, the mesopic equivalent brightness of fluorescent lamp and other different color temperature white light LED showed a positive gain that reaches 40%. On the other hand, the high pressure sodium lamp showed a negative gain. Results also showed that there was a decreasing trend when the ambient light level increased, and once the brightness level reaches that when cone cells play a full role, the equivalent brightness will equal photopic brightness. The methods and conclusions of this paper can help evaluate light sources, light-emitting material spectrum and characteristics of apparent brightness.

[Fabrication and luminescent properties of Dy3+ doped Sr(1-x)Ca(x)MoO4].

Dy3+ doped Sr(1-x)CaxMoO4 phosphors were prepared by solid state method in the present paper. The crystal structure, luminescent properties and the effect of x on the luminescent properties were studied by XRD, SEM, excitation, emission and color parameters. The XRD patterns indicated that the samples were single phase of CaMoO4 and SrMoO4 when x=1 and x=0. It can be seen that the crystal size of samples prepared at 750 degrees C for 3 h were 0.2-1.0 microm, which was matched with solid state luminescent device. The excitation spectra monitored at 576 nm were composed of a broad band at 250-340 nm and a series of narrow band at 340-460 nm. The excitation peaks situation of CT transition and the excitation peaks intensity of narrow bands varied with Sr/Ca. The emission spectra excited by 350 nm were composed of two broad bands at 470 and 576 nm, which were attributed to the transition of 4F(9/2)-->(6)H(15/2) and (4)F(9/2)-->(6)H(13/2). The emission intensity of yellow and blue emission varied with the value of Sr/Ca.

[Spectral characteristics of Ba2B2P2O10 : Eu3+ phosphor].

Ba2B2P2O10 : Eu3+ phosphor was synthesized by high temperature solid-state method. BaCO3(A.R), NH4H2PO4 (A.R), H3BO3(A.R), Eu2O3 (99.99%), NH4Cl (A.R), Li2CO3 (A.R), Na2CO3 (A.R.) and K2CO3 (A.R.) were used for starting materials. After these individual materials were blended and grounded thoroughly in an agate mortar, the homogeneous mixture was heated at 1000 degrees C for 3 h, and the phosphors were obtained. The phase present of the samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) (D/max-rA, Cu Kalpha, 40 kV, 40 mA, lamda = 0.15406 nm). The spectral characteristics of these phosphors were measured by a SHIMADZU RF-540 fluorescence spectrophotometer. Under the condition of 400 nm excitation, the emission spectrum of Ba2B2P2O10 : Eu3+ phosphor shows several bands at 600, 618, 627 and 660 nm respectively, which correspond to the electric dipole (5)D0-->(7)F1, (7)F2, (7)F3 and (7)F4 transitions of Eu3+. The effect of Eu3+ concentration or charge compensator on the emission intensity of Ba2B2P2O10 : Eu3+ phosphor was investigated, and the result shows that the emission intensity of the phosphor increases with increasing Eu3+ concentration, viz. the concentration quenching has not existed. And the emission intensity of the phosphor was enhanced by doping charge compensator. All the results illuminate that Ba2B2P2O10 : Eu3+ phosphor is a promising red phosphor for white LEDs.

[Spectral characteristics of Ce3+ in alkali-alkaline earth borate system].

Alkali-alkaline earth borate LiCaBO3 : Ce3+, LiSrBO3 : Ce3+ and LiBaBO3 : Ce3+ were investigated by solid-state method. CaCO3 (99.9%), SrCO3 (99.9%), BaCO3 (99.9%), Li2 CO3 (99.9%), Na2 CO3 (99.9%), K2 CO3 (99.9%), H3BO3 (99.9%) and CeO2 (99.9%) were used as starting materials, After these individual materials were blended and ground thoroughly in an agate mortar, the homogeneous mixture was heated at 700 degrees C for 2 h in a reduced atmosphere (5 : 95 (H2/N2)), and these three phosphors were obtained. The excitation and emission spectra of these phosphors were measured by a SHIMADZU RF-540 fluorescence spectrophotometer. The spectral characteristics of Ce3+ in alkali-alkaline earth borate LiCaBO3, LiSrBO3 and LiBaBO3 were investigated. The emission spectra of Ce3+ in these three phosphors all exhibited a dissymmetrical band, and the emission peaks were located at 428, 436 and 440 nm, respectively. The excitation spectra for 428, 436 and 440 nm emission of these three phosphors showed a dissymmetrical band at 364, 369 and 370 nm, respectively. The effects of Li+, Na+ and K+ on the emission intensities of these three phosphors were studied. The results show that the emission intensities of these phosphors were enhanced, and the maximal emission intensity of doping Li+ is higher than that of Na+ and K+.

[Study of spectra characteristics of Dy3+ -activated LiSrBO3 phosphor].

The LiSrBO3:Dy3+ phosphor was synthesized by solid-state method. SrCO2 (99.9%), Li2CO3 (99.9%), H3BO3 (99.9%) and Dy2O3 (99.9%) were used as starting materials. After these individual materials were blended and grounded thoroughly in an agate mortar, the homogeneous mixture was heated at 700 degrees C for 2 h in air, and LiSrBO3:Dy3+ phosphors were obtained. The phase present of the samples was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) (D/max-rA, Cu Kalpha, 40 kV, 40 mA, lamda = 0.15406 nm). The excitation and emission spectra of these phosphors were measured by a RF-540 photoluminescence spectrophotometer. The emission spectrum of LiSrBO3:Dy3+ phosphor shows several bands at 486, 578 and 668 nm, respectively. The excitation spectrum for 578 nm emission has several excitation bands at 331, 368, 397, 433, 462 and 478 nm, respectively. The effect of Dy3+ concentration on the emission intensity of LiSrBO3:Dy3+ was investigated, and the result shows that the emission intensity of LiSrBO3:Dy3+ phosphor firstly increases with increasing Dy2+ concentration, then decreases, viz. the concentration quenching exists. And the Dy3+ concentration corresponding to the maximal emission intensity is 3 mol%, and the concentration quenching mechanisms are the d-d interaction by Dexter theory.

[Study of spectra characteristics of Ca3SiO5 : Eu2+ phosphor].

The Ca3SiO5 : Eu2+ phosphor was synthesized by the sol-gel reaction method. The emission spectrum was measured by a SPEX1404 spectrophotometer, and the excitation spectrum was measured by a SHIMADZU RF-540 ultraviolet spectrophotometer. All the characterization of the phosphors was conducted at room temperature. The results show that the emission spectrum of Ca3SiO5 : Eu2+ phosphor exhibits one asymmetry band centred at 505 nm under the 365 nm excitation, and the excitation spectrum for 505 nm indicates two bands centred at 374 and 397 nm, respectively. The above results indicate that the phosphor used for w-LEDs can be excited by UV light, and emit green light. The effect of synthesis condition, such as synthesis temperature, synthesis time and Eu2+ concentration, on the emission spectrum of Ca3SiO5 : Eu2+ phosphor was investigated. The results show that the emission peak intensity of Ca3SiO5 : Eu2+ phosphor firstly increases, then decreases with the increase in synthesis temperature or synthesis time or Eu2+ concentration, and reaches the maximum value at 1,100 degrees C, for 4 h and 0.5 mol% Eu2+.

[Effect of charge compensation on emission spectrum of Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor].

The Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor was synthesized by the high temperature solid-state reaction method in air. Dy2O3 (99.9%), SiO2 (99.9%), SrCO3 (99.9%), Li2CO3 (99.9%), Na2CO3 (99.9%) and K2CO3 (99.9%) were used as starting materials, and the Dy3+ doping concentration was 2 mol%. The emission spectrum was measured by a SPEX1404 spectrophotometer, and all the characterization of the phosphors was conducted at room temperature. The emission spectrum of Sr2 SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor showed several bands centered at 486, 575 and 665 nm under the 365 nm excitation. The effect of Li+, Na+ and K+ on the emission spectra of Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor was studied. The results show that the location of the emission spectrum of Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor was not influenced by Li+, Na+ and K+. However, the emission spectrum intensity was greatly influenced by Li+, Na+ and K+, and the evolvement trend was monotone with different charge compensation, i. e. the emission spectrum intensity of Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor firstly increased with increasing Li+ concentration, then decreased. However the charge compensation concentration corresponding to the maximum emission intensity was different with different charge compensation, and the concentration is 4, 3 and 3 mol% corresponding to Li+, Na+ and K+, respectively. And the theoretical reason for the above results was analyzed.

[Spectra characteristics of LiM (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) BO3 : Tb3+ phosphor].

LiM (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) BO3 : Tb3+ phosphors were synthesized by solid state reaction. The starting materials CaCO3, SrCO3, BaCO3, H3 BO3, Li2 CO3, Na2 CO3, K2 CO3 and Tb4 O7 (99.99% in mass) in appropriate stoichiometric ratio were mixed in the alumina crucible, then the mixed powders were calcined at 700 degrees C for 2 h, and LiCaBO3 : Tb3+, LiSrBO3 : Tb3+ and LiB-aBO3 : Tb3+ phosphors were obtained. The emission and excitation spectra were measured by a Shimadzu RF-540 ultraviolet spectrophotometer. All the photoluminescence properties of these phosphors were measured at room temperature. The emission spectra of LiM (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) BO3 : Tb3+ phosphors show several bands, and the main emission peaks correspond to the 5D4 --> 7F6(486, 486, 488 nm), 5D4 --> F5 (544, 544, 544 nm), 5D4 --> 7F4 (590, 595, 593 nm) and 5D4 --> 7F3 (620, 620, 616 nm) typical transitions of Tb3+, and the typical transitions of Tb3+ happens to split because of the effects of LiM (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) BO3 crystals field. The excitation spectra for the 544 nm green emission of LiM (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)BO3 : Tb3+ phosphors illuminate that these kinds of phosphors can be effectively excited by ultraviolet (350-410 nm) light, and emit green light, therefore, they are promising phosphors for white light emitting diodes. Effects of activation and charge compensation on the luminescence intensities of LiM (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) BO3 : Tb3+ phosphors were studied, and the results show that the intensities were obviously effected.

[Characteristic of optical emission spectrum in electron-assisted chemical vapor deposition of diamond].

The optical emission process of atomic hydrogen (Halpha, Hbeta, Hgamma), atomic carbon C(2p3s2p2 : lambda = 165.7 nm) and radical CH(A2delta --> X2II: lambda = 420-440 nm) in diamond film growth by electron-assisted chemical vapor deposition (EACVD) from a gas mixture of CH4 and H2 was studied by using Monte-Carlo simulation. The variation of the emission lines with gas pressure (0.1-12.5 kPa) of different substrate temperatures (573-1 173 K) was investigated. And the results show that at different substrate temperatures the intensity of all the emission lines increase with increasing gas pressure at first, whereas decreased afterward. Furthermore, the emission lines intensity decreases with increasing substrate temperature at a relative low gas pressure, while increases with increasing substrate temperature at the higher gas pressure.

[Effect of N+ (N = Li, Na, K) on the spectra of M3 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) Y2 (BO3)4 : Eu3+ luminescent phosphor].

The M3 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) Y2 (BO3)4 : Eu3+ red phosphor was synthesized by firing twice at 800 and 1 050 degrees C each for 4 h and 4 h in air, respectively. Y2O3 (99.9%), Eu2O3 (99.9%), H3BO3 (99.9%), CaCO3 (99.9%), SrCO3 (99.9%), BaCO3 (99.9%), Li2CO3 (99.9%), Na2CO3 (99.9%) and K2CO3 (99.9%) were used as starting materials, and the doping Eu3+ concentration was 3 mol%. The excitation spectrum was measured by a SHIMADZU RF-540 ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The emission spectrum was measured by a SPEX1404 spectrophotometer. All the luminescence characteristics of the phosphors were investigated at room temperature. The emission spectrum of M3 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) Y2 (BO3)4 : Eu3+ phosphor exhibited a 613 nm red emission corresponding to the electric dipole 55D0 - 7F2 transition of Eu3+ under 365 nm excitation. The excitation spectrum for 613 nm indicates that the phosphor can be effectively excited by ultraviolet (UV) (254, 365 and 400 nm) and blue (470 nm) light. The effect of Li+ , Na+ and K+ on the excitation and emission spectra of M3 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)Y2 (BO3)4 : Eu3+ phosphor was studied. The results show that the location of the excitation and emission spectrum of M3 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) Y2 (BO3)4 : Eu3+ phosphor was not influenced by Li+, Na+ and K+. However, the excitation and emission spectrum intensities were greatly influenced by Li+, Na+ and K+, and the emission peak intensities were all enhanced. Under the condition of the same Li+, Na+ and K+ concentration, the emission peak intensities of M3 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)Y2 (BO3)4 : Eu3+ phosphor were compared, and the result shows that the accretion effect of doping Li+ is the best. The effect of Li+ concentration on the emission peak intensity of Sr3 Y2 (BO3)4 : Eu3+ phosphor was studied. The results show that the emission peak intensity firstly increased with the increasing Li+ concentration, then decreased, and reached the maximum value at 5 mol% Li+, and the maximum value is about twice as much as the Li-undoped one.