RESUMEN
This work aimed to evaluate the impact of enrichment processing on the quality parameters, bioactivity and sensorial aspects of Myristica fragrans (mace)-flavored olive oil storage for one year. The mace powder was added to extra virgin olive oil through two different processes: immediately after crushing the olives by mixing mace (1% weight/weight (w/w)) with the olive paste (MAVOO-M) and by adding mace to extra virgin olive oil (C) (2% w/w) (MAVOO-I). A multi-analytical approach was applied to measure the main qualitative indexes, such as the free acidity, peroxide value and ultraviolet parameters. The total phenolic and carotenoid contents (TPC and TCC, respectively) and α-tocopherol were also evaluated, as well as the sensory attributes. The radical scavenging potential was estimated by using two different in vitro tests, namely, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). A significant increase in the free acidity parameter was found in all the flavored oils, and particularly in the MAVOO-M (1.27% oleic acid); at the same time, this oil was the sample with the lowest peroxide value (i.e., 9.68 meqO2/kg) after 360 days of storage. At the end of the storage, an increase in L* values was found in both the MAVOO-M and -I vs. the C (43.88 and 43.02, respectively, vs. 42.62). The TCC was strongly influenced by the addition of mace, especially when the infusion process was used. In fact, after one year of storage, the TCC in the MAVOO-I resulted in ~34.7% more than the MAVOO-M. A promising DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed independently by the applied aromatization process, with IC50 values of 19.77 and 17.80 µg/mL for the MAVOO-M and MAVOO-I, respectively. However, this activity decreased during storage, and a similar trend was observed using the ABTS test. In conclusion the infusion as enrichment methodology led to more promising results in terms of functionality compared with the co-mixing one.
Asunto(s)
Myristica , Myristica/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Polvos/química , Fenoles/química , Aceite de Oliva/química , Aromatizantes/química , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodos , Carotenoides/químicaRESUMEN
In the original publication [...].
RESUMEN
Eryngium dilatatum Lam. is a thorny Iberian Peninsula endemic species belonging to the Apiaceae family that has not been previously analysed from a chemical point of view. Following our studies on this genus, we characterized the chemical composition of the essential oils from the different parts (inflorescences, stems + leaves, and roots) of this species; these parts were gathered in Cádiz (Spain). The specimens were collected in July during the flowering period and air-dried before the oil extraction by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The different parts of the plant yielded low amounts of pale yellow oil, with the roots being the fraction that provided the lowest amount of oil. The chemical characterization of the essential oils showed qualitative and quantitative differences between the fractions examined, but all of them showed the same principal compound, germacrene D (9.1-46.5%). Similarly, all the fractions shared most of their representative constituents, with their percentage compositions being different from one sample to the other: α-cadinol (3.8%), bicyclogermacrene (3.5%), octanal (3.1%), and spathulenol (2.5%) were found in the inflorescences; octanal (8.1%), α-cadinol (3.7%), δ-cadinene (3.6%), (E)-caryophyllene (2.6%), bicyclogermacrene (2.5%), and spathulenol (2.4%) were found in the stems and leaves; and spathulenol (4.6%), α-cadinol (4.4%), khusinol (3.2%), α-muurolol (3.1%), and δ-cadinene (2.6%) were found in the roots. As far as we know, this is the first report about the chemical composition of this endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. It contributes to the knowledge of this species and to the genus to which it belongs. This species could be considered as a natural source of germacrene D, which is a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon with active properties.
Asunto(s)
Aldehídos , Eryngium , Aceites Volátiles , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano , Sesquiterpenos , Terpenos , Aceites Volátiles/química , Eryngium/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Neonatal rats can manifest post-stroke mood disorders (PSMD) following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We investigated whether cannabidiol (CBD) neuroprotection, previously demonstrated in neonatal rats after MCAO, includes prevention of PSMD development. METHODS: Seven-day-old Wistar rats (P7) underwent MCAO and received either vehicle or 5 mg/kg CBD treatment. Brain damage was quantified by MRI, and neurobehavioral and histological (TUNEL) studies were performed at P14 and P37. PSMD were assessed using the tail suspension test, forced swimming test, and open field tests. The dopaminergic system was evaluated by quantifying dopaminergic neurons (TH+) in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), measuring brain dopamine (DA) concentration and DA transporter expression, and assessing the expression and function D2 receptors (D2R) through [35S]GTPγS binding. Animals without MCAO served as controls. RESULTS: CBD reduced MCAO-induced brain damage and improved motor performance. At P14, MCAO induced depressive-like behavior, characterized by reduced TH+ cell population and DA levels, which CBD did not prevent. However, CBD ameliorated hyperactivity observed at P37, preventing increased DA concentration by restoring D2R function. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the development of PSMD following MCAO in neonatal rats and highlight CBD as a neuroprotective agent capable of long-term functional normalization of the dopaminergic system post-MCAO. IMPACT: MCAO in neonatal rats led to post-stroke mood disorders consisting in a depression-like picture in the medium term evolving towards long-term hyperactivity, associated with an alteration of the dopaminergic system. The administration of CBD after MCAO did not prevent the development of depressive-like behavior, but reduced long-term hyperactivity, normalizing dopamine receptor function. These data point to the importance of considering the development of depression-like symptoms after neonatal stroke, a well-known complication after stroke in adults. Our work confirms the interest of CBD as a possible treatment for neonatal stroke.
Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos , Cannabidiol , Dopamina , Trastornos del Humor , Ratas Wistar , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Animales , Cannabidiol/farmacología , Cannabidiol/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Accidente Cerebrovascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/metabolismo , Trastornos del Humor/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos del Humor/etiología , Dopamina/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Receptores de Dopamina D2/metabolismo , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/tratamiento farmacológico , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Área Tegmental Ventral/efectos de los fármacos , Área Tegmental Ventral/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Dopamina a través de la Membrana Plasmática/metabolismoRESUMEN
The function of the circadian cycle is to determine the natural 24 h biological rhythm, which includes physiological, metabolic, and hormonal changes that occur daily in the body. This cycle is controlled by an internal biological clock that is present in the body's tissues and helps regulate various processes such as sleeping, eating, and others. Interestingly, animal models have provided enough evidence to assume that the alteration in the circadian system leads to the appearance of numerous diseases. Alterations in breathing patterns in lung diseases can modify oxygenation and the circadian cycles; however, the response mechanisms to hypoxia and their relationship with the clock genes are not fully understood. Hypoxia is a condition in which the lack of adequate oxygenation promotes adaptation mechanisms and is related to several genes that regulate the circadian cycles, the latter because hypoxia alters the production of melatonin and brain physiology. Additionally, the lack of oxygen alters the expression of clock genes, leading to an alteration in the regularity and precision of the circadian cycle. In this sense, hypoxia is a hallmark of a wide variety of lung diseases. In the present work, we intended to review the functional repercussions of hypoxia in the presence of asthma, chronic obstructive sleep apnea, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnea, influenza, and COVID-19 and its repercussions on the circadian cycles.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Animales , Humanos , Ritmo Circadiano/genética , Hipoxia , Relojes Biológicos/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of two enrichment processes on the quality parameters and bioactivity of Ottobratica extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with ginger during storage. The first procedure was conducted by including ginger powder with olive fruits in the malaxer, and the second by infusion into the EVOO. The obtained oils were stored at room temperature for one year in the dark and periodically analysed. To evaluate the effect on the shelf-life of flavoured olive oils (FVOOs), physical, chemical and sensory parameters were evaluated. The FVOOs were investigated for antioxidant activity through a multi-target approach. The inhibition of lipase and carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes was analysed. The addition of ginger in the malaxer generated a product that preserved the lowest values of peroxide after storage (10.57 mEq O2 kg-1) and maintained the highest α-tocopherol level (101.16 mg kg-1). The FVOOs, regardless of the enrichment technique used, showed a higher antioxidant activity than EVOO. Generally, a reduction in the inhibitory activity of the carbohydrate inhibitory enzymes was observed, especially after 60 days of storage. The addition of ginger improved the lipase inhibitory effect, especially if added during malaxation, and helped the FVOOs maintain this activity during storage.
RESUMEN
A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure has been optimized to simultaneously provide multifunctional extracts of Mentha sp. leaves with improved antioxidant properties and, for the first time, with optimal antimicrobial activity. Among the solvents evaluated, water was selected as the extractant in order to develop a green procedure and also for its improved bioactive properties (higher TPC and Staphylococcus aureus inhibition halo). MAE operating conditions were optimized by means of a 3-level factorial experimental design (100 °C, 14.7 min, 1 g of dry leaves/12 mL of water and 1 extraction cycle), and further applied to the extraction of bioactives from 6 different Mentha species. A comparative LC-Q MS and LC-QToF MS analysis of these MAE extracts was carried out for the first time in a single study, allowing the characterization of up to 40 phenolics and the quantitation of the most abundant. Antioxidant, antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) and antifungal (Candida albicans) activities of MAE extracts depended on the Mentha species considered. In conclusion, the new MAE method developed here is shown as a green and efficient approach to provide multifunctional Mentha sp. extracts with an added value as natural food preservatives.
RESUMEN
Post-stroke mood disorders (PSMD) affect disease prognosis in adults. Adult rodent models underlie the importance of the dopamine (DA) system in PSMD pathophysiology. There are no studies on PSMD after neonatal stroke. We induced neonatal stroke in 7-day-old (P7) rats by temporal left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Performance in the tail suspension test (TST) at P14 and the forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT) at P37 were studied to assess PSMD. DA neuron density in the ventral tegmental area, brain DA concentration and DA transporter (DAT) expression as well as D2 receptor (D2R) expression and G-protein functional coupling were also studied. MCAO animals revealed depressive-like symptoms at P14 associated with decreased DA concentration and reduced DA neuron population and DAT expression. At P37, MCAO rats showed hyperactive behavior associated with increased DA concentration, normalization of DA neuron density and decreased DAT expression. MCAO did not modify D2R expression but reduced D2R functionality at P37. MCAO-induced depressive-like symptoms were reversed by the DA reuptake inhibitor GBR-12909. In conclusion, MCAO in newborn rats induced depressive-like symptoms and hyperactive behavior in the medium and long term, respectively, that were associated with alterations in the DA system.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Transporte de Dopamina a través de la Membrana Plasmática , Dopamina , Ratas , Animales , Dopamina/metabolismo , Animales Recién Nacidos , Proteínas de Transporte de Dopamina a través de la Membrana Plasmática/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D2/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Captación de Dopamina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are essential in regulating several cellular processes, such as survival, differentiation, and the cell cycle; this adaptation is orchestrated in a complex way. In this review, we focused on the impact of hypoxia in the physiopathology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) related to lung development, regeneration, and repair. There is robust evidence that the responses of HIF-1α and -2α differ; HIF-1α participates mainly in the acute phase of the response to hypoxia, and HIF-2α in the chronic phase. The analysis of their structure and of different studies showed a high specificity according to the tissue and the process involved. We propose that hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 2a (HIF-2α) is part of the persistent aberrant regeneration associated with developing IPF.
Asunto(s)
Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Hipoxia de la Célula , Humanos , HipoxiaRESUMEN
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has confirmed the apocalyptic predictions that virologists have been making for several decades. The challenge the world is facing is that of trying to find a possible treatment, and a viable and expedient option for addressing this challenge is the repurposing of drugs. However, in some cases, although these drugs are approved for use in humans, the mechanisms of action involved are unknown. In this sense, to justify its therapeutic application to a new disease, it is ideal, but not necessary, to know the basic mechanisms of action involved in a drug's biological effects. This review compiled the available information regarding the various effects attributed to Ivermectin. The controversy over its use for the treatment of COVID-19 is demonstrated by this report that considers the proposal unfeasible because the therapeutic doses proposed to achieve this effect cannot be achieved. However, due to the urgent need to find a treatment, an exhaustive and impartial review is necessary in order to integrate the knowledge that exists, to date, of the possible mechanisms through which the treatment may be helpful in defining safe doses and schedules of Ivermectin.
RESUMEN
A new multianalytical methodology based on gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has been proposed to evaluate frauds affecting the composition of Coleus forskohlii root supplements (FKS). After optimization and validation of chromatographic methods, 24 FKS were analyzed. Forskolin, their main bioactive component, was only found in 50% of the FKS evaluated (in the 0.032-17.1% range), with 27% of these supplements showing concentrations of this bioactive lower than those declared in their labels. Application of this methodology also proved to be successful for the detection of frauds regarding the replacement of C. forskohlii by other vegetable sources (green tea, soy leaves and a plant of the Berberidaceae family) in 17% of supplements analyzed. A study on stability of forskolin under accelerated conditions allowed to rule out its degradation as responsible for the lack of this bioactive or other natural constituents in 25% of FKS evaluated. It can be concluded that the multianalytical methodology here developed is an advantageous alternative to address the wide diversity of frauds affecting these supplements.
Asunto(s)
Coleus , Plectranthus , Coleus/química , Coleus/metabolismo , Colforsina/análisis , Colforsina/metabolismo , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Raíces de Plantas/química , Plectranthus/metabolismoRESUMEN
Despite the widespread use of artichoke-based food supplements for obesity control (FSOC), studies on evaluation of the quality/authenticity of these commercial products are scarce. To that aim, a new multi-analytical strategy, based on the use of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet and mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-UV-MS), in combination with chemometrics, has been developed. Twenty-one artichoke FSOC and different bract and leaf extracts (used as reference samples) were analysed. Sugars, inositols, caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids and their glycosides were detected in reference samples and in most artichoke FSOC. Low concentrations of bioactives, and the presence of other compounds probably related to heat treatment during manufacturing (difructosyl anhydrides, 3-deoxyglucosone), or to the addition of caloric additives (maltose, maltotriose) or non-declared plants (e.g. pinitol, disaccharides, silybin derivatives) were also detected in some FSOC by either GC-MS or HPLC-UV-MS. Application of Principal Component Analysis to the combined GC-MS + HPLC-UV data matrix, proved that this multi-analytical strategy provides advantages over single analytical techniques for the detection of the wide variety of fraudulent practices affecting authenticity of artichoke FSOC and for assessment of their quality.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad , Cynara scolymus , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fármacos Antiobesidad/análisis , Fármacos Antiobesidad/química , Fármacos Antiobesidad/normas , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos/normas , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
O presente escrito examina alguns aspectos do argumento de Freud em Além do Princípio de Prazer a fim de compreender a transição de inorgânico para orgânico e a importância da memória em processos vitais.
The present paper examines some aspects of Freud's argument in Beyond the Pleasure Principle in order to understand the transition from inorganic to organic and the importance of memory in vital processes.
RESUMEN
Fungal Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) repel banana black weevil (BW), Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824), the key-pest of banana [Musa sp. (Linnaeus, 1753)]. The entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana (Bb1TS11) and Metarhizium robertsii (Mr4TS04) were isolated from banana plantation soils using an insect bait. Bb1TS11 and Mr4TS04 were pathogenic to BW adults. Bb1TS11, Bb203 (from infected palm weevils), Mr4TS04 and the nematophagous fungus Pochonia clamydosporia (Pc123), were tested for VOCs production. VOCs were identified by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Solid-Phase Micro Extraction (GC/MS-SPME). GC/MS-SPME identified a total of 97 VOCs in all strains tested. Seven VOCs (styrene, benzothiazole, camphor, borneol, 1,3-dimethoxy-benzene, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-cyclohepten-1-one) were selected for their abundance or previous record as insect repellents. BW-starved adults in the dark showed the highest mobility to banana corm in olfactometry bioassays. 3-cyclohepten-1-one (C7), produced by all fungal strains, is the best BW repellent (p < 0.05), followed by 1,3-dimethoxy-benzene (C5). The rest of the VOCs have a milder repellency to BW. Styrene (C1) and benzothiazole (C2) (known to repel palm weevil) block the attraction of banana corm and BW pheromone to BW adults in bioassays. Therefore, VOCs from biocontrol fungi can be used in future studies for the biomanagement of BW in the field.
RESUMEN
AIMS: The present study aims to determine the phototoxic and haemolytic activity of organophosphorus. The use of alternative in vitro assays with human erythrocytes is suggested to predict the polluting effect of these products on health. METHODOLOGY: Human erythrocytes from Toluca Blood Bank were used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was employed as a positive control. Additionally, the haemolysis percentage of three organophosphate (Acetate, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Methamidophos, Methyl Parathion) induced photo haemolysis formulated with surfactants on a concentration of 2 x 109 erythrocytes were evaluated. Finally, the products were classified as irritant or phototoxic. RESULTS: Results showed that the HC50 red blood cells were similar for each organophosphate (Malathion and Methamidophos) indicating very irritant action with ratio classification (L/D) of 0.041 and 0.053, respectively. On the other hand, Chlorpyrifos was classified as an irritant with L/D= 0.14. On the other hand, the HC50 obtained photo hemolysis assays irradiated red blood cells was similar for each organophosphate (Acetate, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Methamidophos, Methyl Parathion) indicating no phototoxic action. CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, it can be said that the parameters of haemolysis and denaturation of proteins are good indicators to classify organophosphorus formulated with surfactants as irritating or phototoxic.
Asunto(s)
Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Hemólisis/efectos de la radiación , Compuestos Organofosforados/química , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Tensoactivos/química , Cloropirifos/química , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Malatión/química , Intoxicación por Organofosfatos , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/química , Desnaturalización Proteica/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Five commercial ionic liquid (IL) columns have been evaluated for the first time for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of low molecular weight carbohydrate (LMWC) standards (mono-, di-, and trisaccharides, inositols, and iminosugars). A previous derivatization step was necessary to convert the LMWCs into their volatile and stable derivatives. Compared with conventional GC stationary phases, such as HP-1 and Supelcowax® 10, IL columns have shown a different selectivity in the separation of target compounds. Among the IL columns, only SLB™-IL82 allowed the elution of all the LMWCs studied. Its performance in terms of peak width and asymmetry, evaluated under different oven temperature conditions, was shown to be dependent on the carbohydrate class considered. As an example of application, a SLB™-IL82 column was successfully used to separate the complex mixtures of LMWCs in hyacinth and mulberry extracts. This column is an interesting alternative to the conventional stationary phases used in the GC analysis of LMWCs in real-world samples. Graphical abstract.
Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Líquidos Iónicos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , TemperaturaRESUMEN
RESUMEN Objetivos Determinar efecto del consumo del extracto de quinua en anemia ferropénica inducida, en ratones. Material y Métodos Se utilizaron treinta ratones albinos M. musculus de la cepa Bal-b/c, machos de peso promedio 24±32,7 g. Se formó tres grupos de diez ratones cada uno: a) grupo control negativo hierro suficiente(HS),recibió 40g/d de alimento balanceado durante siete semanas; b)grupo control positivo hierro deficiente (HD), recibió 40g/d de dieta ferropénica durante siete semanas; y, c) grupo experimental hierro defi-ciente(HD), recibió 40g/d de dieta ferropénica durante siete semanas y a partir de la semana cinco se agregó 20g/d de extracto de quinua(EQ). Se midió el nivel de hemoglobina. Resultados Al finalizar el tratamiento, se observó diferencia significativa en los niveles de hemoglobina entre los grupos control positivo (8,9±1,1g/dL) HD y experimental (11,4±0,5 g/dL.) HD+EQ (t student, p<0,05). No se encontró diferencia significativa en los niveles de hemoglobina, al término del periodo de inducción entre los grupos control positivo (9,1±1,1) HD y experimental (9,3±0,7) HD (t student, p>0,05). Conclusiones En condiciones experimentales, la quinua presenta efecto antianémico, sustentado en los resultados de los niveles de hemoglobina.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objectives To determine the effect of quinoa extract consumption on iron deficiency-induced anemia in mice. Materials and Methods Thirty male M. musculus albino mice of the Balb/c strain, with an average weight of 24±32.7 g, were used. Three groups of ten mice each were formed: 1) a negative control group of iron-sufficient (IS) mice that received 40g/d of balanced feed for 7 weeks; 2) a positive control group of iron-deficient (ID) mice that received 40g/d of feed rich in iron for 7 weeks; and 3) an experimental group of ID mice that received 40 g/d of feed rich in iron for 7 weeks and 20 g/d of quinoa extract (QE) from week 5. Hemoglobin levels were measured. Results At the end of the treatment, a significant difference was found in hemoglobin levels between the positive (ID mice: 8.9±1.1 g/dL) and experimental (ID+QU mice: 11.4±0.5 g/dL) groups (student's t, p<0.05). No significant difference was found in hemoglobin levels at the end of the induction period between the positive (IS mice: 9.1±1.1) and experimental (ID mice: 9.3±0.7) groups (student's t, p>0.05). Conclusions Under experimental conditions, quinoa has an antianemic effect based on the results of hemoglobin levels.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Anemia Ferropénica/inducido químicamente , Chenopodium quinoa/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Endogámicas , Ensayo ClínicoRESUMEN
Despite good long-term outcomes of kidney transplants from controlled donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors, there are few uncontrolled DCD (uDCD) programs. This longitudinal study compares outcomes for all uDCD (N = 774) and all donation after brain death (DBD) (N = 613) kidney transplants performed from 1996 to 2015 at our center. DBD transplants were divided into those from standard-criteria (SCD) (N = 366) and expanded-criteria (N = 247) brain-dead donors (ECD). One-, 5-, and 10-year graft survival rates were 91.7%, 85.7%, and 80.6% for SCD; 86.0%, 75.8%, and 61.4% for ECD; and 85.1%, 78.1%, and 72.2% for uDCD, respectively. Graft survival was worse in recipients of uDCD kidneys than of SCD (P = .004) but better than in transplants from ECD (P = .021). The main cause of graft loss in the uDCD transplants was primary nonfunction. Through logistic regression, donor death due to pulmonary embolism (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.65-11.23), extrahospital CPR time ≥75 minutes (OR1.94, 95%CI 1.18-3.22), and in-hospital CPR time ≥50 minutes (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.93) emerged as predictive factors of primary nonunction. According to the outcomes of our long-standing kidney transplantation program, uDCD could help expand the kidney donor pool.
Asunto(s)
Muerte Súbita Cardíaca , Selección de Donante/métodos , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Donantes de Tejidos , Adulto , Anciano , Muerte Encefálica , Estudios de Cohortes , Funcionamiento Retardado del Injerto/etiología , Femenino , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Riñón/patología , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Riñón/mortalidad , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiología , Tasa de Supervivencia , Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of quinoa extract consumption on iron deficiency-induced anemia in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male M. musculus albino mice of the Balb/c strain, with an average weight of 24±32.7 g, were used. Three groups of ten mice each were formed: 1) a negative control group of iron-sufficient (IS) mice that received 40g/d of balanced feed for 7 weeks; 2) a positive control group of iron-deficient (ID) mice that received 40g/d of feed rich in iron for 7 weeks; and 3) an experimental group of ID mice that received 40 g/d of feed rich in iron for 7 weeks and 20 g/d of quinoa extract (QE) from week 5. Hemoglobin levels were measured. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment, a significant difference was found in hemoglobin levels between the positive (ID mice: 8.9±1.1 g/dL) and experimental (ID+QU mice: 11.4±0.5 g/dL) groups (student's t, p<0.05). No significant difference was found in hemoglobin levels at the end of the induction period between the positive (IS mice: 9.1±1.1) and experimental (ID mice: 9.3±0.7) groups (student's t, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Under experimental conditions, quinoa has an antianemic effect based on the results of hemoglobin levels.
OBJETIVOS: Determinar efecto del consumo del extracto de quinua en anemia ferropénica inducida, en ratones. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron treinta ratones albinos M. musculus de la cepa Bal-b/c, machos de peso promedio 24±32,7 g. Se formó tres grupos de diez ratones cada uno: a) grupo control negativo hierro suficiente(HS),recibió 40g/d de alimento balanceado durante siete semanas; b)grupo control positivo hierro deficiente (HD), recibió 40g/d de dieta ferropénica durante siete semanas; y, c) grupo experimental hierro defi-ciente(HD), recibió 40g/d de dieta ferropénica durante siete semanas y a partir de la semana cinco se agregó 20g/d de extracto de quinua(EQ). Se midió el nivel de hemoglobina. RESULTADOS: Al finalizar el tratamiento, se observó diferencia significativa en los niveles de hemoglobina entre los grupos control positivo (8,9±1,1g/dL) HD y experimental (11,4±0,5 g/dL.) HD+EQ (t student, p<0,05). No se encontró diferencia significativa en los niveles de hemoglobina, al término del periodo de inducción entre los grupos control positivo (9,1±1,1) HD y experimental (9,3±0,7) HD (t student, p>0,05). CONCLUSIONES: En condiciones experimentales, la quinua presenta efecto antianémico, sustentado en los resultados de los niveles de hemoglobina.
RESUMEN
A new microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method using ethanol as solvent has been optimized by means of a Box-Behnken experimental design for the enhanced extraction of bioactive terpenoids from Mentha rotundifolia leaves; 100°C, 5 min, 1.125 g dry sample: 10 mL solvent and a single extraction cycle were selected as optimal conditions. Improved performance of MAE method in terms of extraction yield and/or reproducibility over conventional solid-liquid extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction was also previously assessed. A comprehensive characterization of MAE extracts was carried out by GC-MS. A total of 46 compounds, mostly terpenoids, were identified; piperitenone oxide and piperitenone were the major compounds determined. Several neophytadiene isomers were also detected for the first time in MAE extracts. Different procedures (solid-phase extraction and activated charcoal (AC) treatment) were also evaluated for clean-up of MAE extracts, with AC providing the highest enrichment in bioactive terpenoids. Finally, the MAE method here developed is shown as a green, fast, efficient and reproducible liquid extraction methodology to obtain M. rotundifolia bioactive extracts for further application, among others, as food preservatives.