EFFECTS OF PROFESSIONAL ORAL HYGIENE AND TEETH WHITENING ON THE MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF ENAMEL.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of professional teeth cleaning and the substances used in modern dentistry for whitening on the microelement composition of tooth enamel. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: To study the morphology and microelement composition of the enamel, scanning electron microscopy was performed using the MiraLM microscope equipped with a Schottky field emission electron gun from Tescan. RESULTS: Results: A comparative analysis between the areas subjected to mechanical cleaning and those where it was not applied revealed a significant difference in the research results, particularly in carbon, which changed from 25.16±1.04 to 32.02±1.8. An analysis of the enamel's chemical composition before and after whitening revealed a decrease in carbon from 45.91±1.20 to 42.46±1.74. The change in phosphorus content was determined to be from 9.77±0.39 to 9.56±0.75. A decrease in calcium from 15.96±0.64 to 15.21±1.22 and magnesium from 0.07±0.01 to 0.01±0.01 was also observed. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Professional dental hygiene does not have a direct impact on the microelement composition of enamel, such as the levels of calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, and other microelements. However, it can have an indirect and temporary influence due to the use of abrasive materials that affect dental deposits, pellicle, and the surface layer of enamel. Teeth whitening can affect the microelement composition of enamel, but these changes are mostly temporary and associated with processes of demineralization/ remineralization and oxygenation.

THE PREVALENCE OF RUBBER DAM AMONG DENTISTS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To assess the actual prevalence of rubber dam usage among general dentists. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Surveyed participants were offered a questionnaire containing 14 questions about gender, country of origin, clinical experience, time and place of acquisition of skills of rubber dam, as well as the frequency of its usage. RESULTS: Results: 30.69% of dentists always use rubber dams for direct restorations; 74.26% always use rubber dams during root canals treatment; 36.3% always use rubber dam for bonding indirect restorations. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The prevalence of rubber usage among general dentists shows positive growth dynamics, but the frequency is still considered insufficient.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TOOTH ENAMEL WHEN USING HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AS THE MAIN CHEMICAL COMPONENT IN PROFESSIONAL BLEACHING.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study changes in the chemical composition of the tooth enamel surface when using hydrogen peroxide as a chemical component of the whitening system in combination with professional oral hygiene. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To achieve this goal, during the study, we studied the enamel of the teeth of the frontal area, which was removed for orthodontic and orthopedic indications. The age of the patients whose teeth were examined ranged from 18 to 44 years. In the experiment, we studied the chemical structure of enamel by a method thatcovered the selection of the study area, with the designation of areas for microanalysis, and subsequent elemental analysis in selected areas of the enamel. RESULTS: Results and conclusions: Analyzing the results of this study, we can make assumptions about the impact of professional dental hygiene on the procedure of photo-whitening teeth based on 35% hydrogen peroxide gel and its subsequent impact on theother clinical indicators, which will depend on the characteristics of functional and structural resistance of the enamel.

BUCCAL CELL MICRONUCLEI AMONG PATIENTS WITH ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The purpose of research was to evaluate the efficiency of micronucleus test in buccal cells for the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We have conducted a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 155 patients with oral leukoplakia. It was conducted histological examination leukoplakia mucosal sites, to assess the buccal epithelium cell micronucleus test was carried out. RESULTS: Results: Histological evaluation of the material was made according to the classification of leukoplakia WHO (2005). They are established 10 (14%) sites unmodified mucosa, 10 (14%) of the samples hyperkeratosis without atypia, 14 (19%) biopsies hyperkeratosis SIN1, 15 (21%) of hyperkeratosis SIN2, 10 (14%) -- SIN3 and 13 (18 %) of the cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Micronuclei, whose appearance is caused by violation of differentiation of epithelial cells, were found in patients with leukoplakia, the detection of micronuclei almost equally high as in patients with leukoplakia SIN2, and with SIN3 (a difference of 1.3 times (p <0,05, rxy = + 0.271)), and consequently the probability of occurrence of tumoral diseases of the oral mucosa or malignancy existing large. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Thus, on the background of the general increase in proliferative activity of epithelial cells with increasing SIN, for each treatment group revealed the appearance of micronuclei in buccal cells. And the frequency of micronuclei and the fourth type of increases with hyperplasia, indicating an increase in the likelihood of malignancy and cancer of the oral mucosa in patients with leukoplakia SIN3.

STATE OF MICROCIRCULATION AND FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN SMOKING DEPENDENT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HYPERACID GASTRITIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The aim of the work was to determine the state of microcirculation and free radical processes of periodontal tissues in smoking dependent patients with chronic generalized periodontitis associated with chronic hyperacid gastritis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We examined 90 patients (men and women) aged 25 to 44 years, who were divided into 3 groups: the first group - 48 smoking patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori; the second group - 22 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori, without the bad habit; the third group - control, consisted of 20 healthy individuals. The smoking patients were randomly divided into two subgroups: patients of the first subgroup (G1.1) received the basic therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis and the proposed treatment and prevention complex; the patients in the second subgroup (G1.2) received basic therapy for chronic generalized periodontitis and ultraphonophoresis with placebo. RESULTS: Results: The use of treatment and prevention complex in smoking dependent patients and patients without the bad habit with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori demonstrated a positive dynamics of the functional characteristics of microcirculation and the balance in the lipid peroxidation - antioxidant system. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: So, the use of the proposed treatment and prevention complex had a positive effect on the state of microcirculation and free radical processes of periodontal tissues both at the near and long-term follow up, even under conditions of chronic hyperacid gastritis and the risk factor - smoking.

INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF "RESTORATION & TOOTH" SYSTEM IN WEDGE-SHAPED DEFECTS BY COMPUTED MODELING METHOD.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to study the influence of size and location of wedge-shaped defects of teeth on stress and strain state of restorative material on the basis of biomechanical analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Biomechanical analysis of the stress-strain state was performed on a jaw bone fragment with canine and premolar inclusion. RESULTS: Results: Tangential stress increase both in the adhesive layer and in restorative material with depth and width (medial-distal size) of restored wedge-shaped defects of teeth,.The most unfavorable loading on a tooth is a joint action of vertical and horizontal loading in lingual- vestibular or vestibular-lingual direction, depending on localization of the restored wedge-shaped defects of teeth. The formation of retention grooves in wedge-shaped defects of teeth reduces the value of the maximum tangential stress in the adhesive layer of restorative material to 25% and extends the longevity of restorations. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The difference in maximal values of tangential stress increases in adhesive layer of restorative material with or without retention grooves with increasing depth of defect. Thus, it is advisable to form retention grooves in cases of wedge-shaped teeth defects that exceed 1.5 mm. In case of restoration of subgingival wedge-shaped defects of teeth of small height it is recommended to create one retention groove on the gingival or incisal planes of a carious cavity due to significant inconveniences, and sometimes impossibility of formation of traditionally located retention grooves.

INTERRELATION OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS AND CIRCADIAN HORMONES PRODUCEMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON MEDICINE USAGE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to establish the interrelation of human biological rhythms and circadian hormones producement as well as to determine their impact on the medicine usage. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The review and latest data analysis of scientific and medical literature were performed. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Proceeding from the literature sources there is a firm interrelation between human biological rhythms and circadian hormones producement. Following chronotherapy principles will allow to increase effectiveness of diseases treatment, including dental ones. It will also allow to reduce dosage of prescribed medicines as well as their side effects. Prospects for a further research are to identify a clear relationship between circadian biorhythms in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis in order to increase the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

FEATURES OF OCCLUSAL CORRELATIONS OF MOLARS IN THE DENTAL CLINIC.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the odontoglific and odometometric parameters of molar crowns of the upper and lower jaws in males and females. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To achieve the aim of the research was used odontoglyphic, odometometric and statistical methods of research. RESULTS: Results: We have found that male molars of the upper jaw are characterized by approximately the same ratio between the vestibular-palatal and mesial-distal diameters of the crown, so the teeth are square-formed. For female large angular teeth of the upper jaw the predominance of vestibular-palatal over mesial-distal diameters of the crown is characteristic, which results in an oval form of the teeth. On having analyzed the forms of the third lower molars, it can be affirmed that for this group of teeth various variational forms of crowns, from three- to five-tuber forms, are characteristic. Vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal sizes also vary according to the type of odontoglific pattern of occlusal crown surface. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: We consider it expedient to take into account the abovementioned characteristics of the masticatory surface of molars of the upper and lower jaws of male and female persons for the creation of qualitative orthopedic structures that would fully restore the masticatory function.

THE LEVEL OF INTERLEUKIN-18 IN THE ORAL FLUID IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS AND TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Of our research work was to study the level of proinflammatory interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the oral fluid of children with type I diabetes mellitus (DM), and to determine their periodontal status and the level of oral hygiene. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 82 children were examined, they were divided into groups by presence of gingivitis and diabetes mellitus. The level of interleukin-18 in oral fluid was determined by immunoassay. RESULTS: Results: In patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and type I diabetes mellitus the level of interleukin-18 in oral fluid is the highest (70.91±7.48 pg / ml); the level of interleukin-18 in children with diabetes mellitus and healthy gums is high enough too, it is 14.87±1.11 pg / ml. Interleukin-18 is 3.41±0.25 pg / ml in healthy children with healthy gums. It is 5.74±0.27 pg / ml in somatically healthy children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: We indicated that an increase in the value of interleukin-18 in oral fluid is associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in children. Moreover, this cytokine can be considered as a potential biomarker of gum inflammation in children with diabetes mellitus.

THE VALUE OF DENTAL EXAMINATION FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM DISEASES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the correspondence between the location of the tongue median line and the degree of distortion of the vertebral column at different levels in children with scoliosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Totally 56 children (30 girls, 26 boys) aged 11-14 years were examined, with a duration of musculoskeletal disorders 1-3 years. For each participant an oral cavity examination was performed, the position of the middle line of the tongue was determined. X-ray images of vertebral column of the patients from investigated groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Results: In the group with 1year duration of the disease 25.02% patients had a violation of the medial line of the tongue, in the group with 2 years of duration of the disease - 65,52% participants had the deviation of the medial line of the tongue, in the group with 3 years of duration of the disease 86.66% of patients had the deviation of the medial line of the tongue. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: This research allows us to recommend paying attention not only to the size, color, state of the papillae of the tongue, but also to the position of the middle line, which distortion may significate the deviation of the vertebral column in different portions.

WEAR RESISTANCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS WHICH ARE USED FOR ANTERIOR TEETH RESTORATIONS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the wear resistance of such restorative materials as composite resin, feldspathic ceramic, leucite glass ceramic with intact enamel and to draw an analogy with some similar researches. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In this research 20 extracted human teeth (maxillary incisors) without fillings and carious cavities were used as samples. All samples were disinfected and stored in saline in order to prevent dehydration. Teeth roots were cut off for the measure of fixation on an organic glass plate using chemically polymerizable resin. If necessary, the teeth were also cut on their lateral sides in order to give them equal size. The samples were placed in a frame-holder, located on the lever of the machine MI-2, which determines abrasion resistance under slipping. RESULTS: Results: The research has revealed that the average wear resistance of natural teeth was 122,67±4.9 J/mm3 (Tab 1). The archived result overcomes dental composite resin twice more (62.8±1.21 J/mm3), feldspathic ceramic 6.5 times more (16.32±1.2 J/mm3) and leucite ceramic over the half (73.79±3.12 J/mm3). CONCLUSION: Conclusion: Thus, according to this performed research and the analysis of the relative literature sources it can be stated that dental composite resin and leucite ceramics may be proposed as the materials of choice for anterior restoration of teeth. They have shown the good wear resistance and tolerance to antagonizing natural teeth.

Risk factors associated with the occurrence of early complications of acute myocardial infarction after cardio-intervention treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to identify the main risk factors for the occurrence of early complications of acute myocardial infarction after cardio-interventional treatment and to evaluate prognostic risk indicators. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Risk factors of myocardial infarction were determined by copying the case history data and calculating on their basis of the odds ratio and ±95% confidence interval. After it, we made a prediction of the risk of early complications of AMI with cardiovascular intervention by using a Cox regression that took into account the patient's transportation time by ambulance. RESULTS: Results: Thus, the factors that increase the chances of their occurrence were: summer time of year; recurrent myocardial infarction of another specified localization (I122.8); the relevance of the established STEMI diagnosis; diabetes mellitus; renal pathology; smoking; high rate of BMI. Factors that reduce the chances of their occurrence: men gender - in 35%; the age over of 70 - by 50%; the timely arrival of an emergency medical team - by 55%. The factors that increase the chances of their occurrence were: age over 70 years; subsequent myocardial infarction of unspecified site; diabetes mellitus. Using of a Cox regression analysis, it was proved that the cumulative risk of early complications of AMI with cardio-intervention treatment increased from the 10th minute of ambulance arrival at place, when ECG diagnosis (STEMI), presence of diabetes mellitus, smoking and high BMI. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: As a result of the conducted research, the risk factors for early complications of AIM with cardio-interventional treatment were identified.

EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT-AND-PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX IN TOBACCO-ADDICTED PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC HYPERACID GASTRITIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treatment-and-prophylactic complex in patients addicted to tobacco with chronic generalized periodontitis with chronic hyperacid gastritis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 68 patients (men and women) aged 25-44 years were examined. They were distributed into two groups: the main group - 48 patients addicted to tobacco with chronic generalized 1 degree periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis, associated with Helicobacter pylori, the control group - 20 healthy individuals without bad habits. Patients of the main group were distributed at random into 2 subgroups (1.1, 1.2) depending on the chosen therapy. The patients of the subgroup 1.1 received the basic therapy and the developed treatment and prophylactic complex, the subgroup 1.2 received the basic therapy and the ultraphonophoresis procedures with placebo. Assessment of the effectiveness of therapy was carried out by determining hygienic index OHI-S and periodontal indices (PI, PMA index and Muhlemann bleeding index (MBI)). RESULTS: Results: The usage of the treatment-and-prophylactic complex resulted in improvement of the hygienic index OHI-S and periodontal indices (PI, PMA index and MBI) at the immediate and late observation period. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed treatment-and-prophylactic complex in therapy of chronic generalized 1 degree periodontitis in patients addicted to tobacco smoking with chronic hyperacid gastritis.

ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF FUNCTIONAL OCCLUSION INDICATORS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OCCLUSION SURFACES OF ORTHOPEDIC STRUCTURES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Is to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method of constructing occlusal surfaces of orthopedic structures by monitoring the dynamics of functional indicators of occlusion and the functional condition of the masticatory muscles. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The object of the study was made up by 64 patients with included defects of the dentition of the 3rd class according to Kennedy. Patients were divided into two equal groups - the main group (patients were treated by using the suggested method of construction of occlusal surfaces of orthopedic structures) and control (dentition defects were replaced according to the traditional protocol). RESULTS: Results: The results of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed method showed that the index of symmetry of the anterior bundles of the temporal muscles dropped by 18.5%, the index of symmetry of the masticatory muscles reduced by 22%, the torque of the mandible reduced by 32%, the index of stabilizing occlusal - by 27%, relative efforts of balance disturbance for more than 10 % regarding the left and right reduced by a factor of 4.4, the rate of opening time was 1.5 times higher than before, the rate of time of opening of the jaws - 1.8 times. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The use of the suggested method of orthopedic treatment with temporary structures leads to probable changes in the studied functional parameters in comparison with the control group (p <0,05).

Application of antiseptic and osteoplastic drug for destructive periodontitis treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Treatment of destructive forms of chronic periodontitis is extremely topical. Its relevance is associated with the features of treatment, which depends on the stage of the exacerbation process. The issue of the problem is also in the fact that the destructive seat of periodontitis is a source of chronic infection. The aim: The task of the research was to evaluate the conservative treatment of chronic destructive forms of periodontitis with a dental kit "Cupratin", developed for professional usage in dental practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: "Cupratin" is a complex medicament based on suspensions of calcium hydroxide, copper-calcium hydroxide and powder, which contains hydroxide aluminosilicate and calcium sulphate, radiopaque filler. It has bactericidal and osteoplastic effect. The treatment involved 44 patients (44 teeth) in the age group of 37 to 50 years suffering from chronic granulating periodontitis without concomitant diseases. Patients were divided into two groups: investigated and control. In the main group of patients, a suspension on the basis of copper-calcium was used for treatment (root canals were filled with "Cupratin" as a temporary filling material). Obturation of canals was preceded by chemical and mechanical treatment. The medical material was in direct contact with periodontal tissues for 20-55 days. Intraoral X-ray radiography was taken from the patients within the intervals of 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Results and conclusions: Positive results were obtained, which were characterized by the disappearance of subjective symptoms, intensive bone tissue reconstruction in the site of destruction and a decrease in the size of the destruction respectively.

The study of oral fluid dynamic parameters on the background of pathological and physiological dental abrasion.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Violation of oral fluid mineralization processes, which is determined by the mineralization potential of saliva, is associated with changes in the physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid, particularly its viscosity. The aim of our study was to study mineralization potential and types of microstallation of oral fluid as one of the factors of influence on the cariesogenic situation in the oral cavity of patients with physiological or pathological tooth abrasion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: During the examination of patients' oral cavity, a comprehensive assessment of tooth hard tissues was performed in order to of study activity and prevalence of the processes occurring in them. RESULTS: Results: Assessing the physico-chemical parameters of oral fluid in patients of the first experimental group, we obtained the following results: the viscosity of saliva in subgroups was 2,17 ± 0,87 for subgroup #1, 1,78 ± 0,57 for subgroup #2, and 2,15 ± 0,86 for #3 subgroups, which did not have a significant difference between the indices within the group. During the research, the number of independent structures of oral fluid in subgroups 1-3 was 1.67 ± 0.86, 1.67 ± 0.77 and 1.57 ± 0.85. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Thus, we have established that the mineralizing function of saliva changes when the cariesogenic situation in the oral cavity arises,. This leads to destabilization of the crystalline structure of the oral fluid and indicates the relationship between its structural and mineralizing properties.

Oral status in adolescents with alcohol addiction.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Alcohol addiction is one of major public health concerns because rich assortment of alcohol drinks, alcohol advertising may hasten the initiation of alcohol drinking and increase consumption among children and adolescents nowadays. Cytotoxic effect of alcohol is among the leading causes of oral mucosa malignant degeneration, therefore alcohol drinkers are at risk of cancerous diseases. This should be taken into consideration by dentists during routing check-ups. The assessment of oral status in alcohol abusers is essential for making up a treatment plan and prophylaxis, and the investigation of oral manifestations in alcohol drinkers is of great clinical significance. The aim: To determine the peculiarities of oral status in underage drinkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved 135 inpatients aged 14-17, who took the course of treatment at the Narcological Department, Poltava Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital. We assessed the condition of periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. RESULTS: Results: There was a tendency towards an increase in precancerous diseases depending on the age of patients and the length of alcohol addiction. The prevalence rate of the diseases in the first group of patients who had being abused alcohol for 2 years was 10,91% of cases; and in the second group of patients who had being abused alcohol for 3 years it made up 16,80%. This may be explained by adverse effect of ethanol on the oral mucosa and by no regular dental check-ups. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it is appropriate to recommend mandatory oral check-ups for adolescents with alcohol abuse.

Changes in the functional condition of the masticatory muscles with increased teeth abrasion.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The term "pathological abrasion" (increased abrasion) can be described as a loss of tooth hard tissue on the occlusal, oral, vestibular surfaces of teeth or in the occlusal area. Treatment of increased abrasion of teeth is a difficult task for the practical work of a dentist. The choice of the optimal treatment plan provides the greatest likelihood of long-term success and minimal probability of complication appearance. The aim of our work was to study the functional activity of the masticatory muscles in the pathogenesis of the development of increased abrasion of tooth hard tissues. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In order to achieve the goal of the study, an examination of patients aged between 19 and 69 years old was carried out in order to identify the number of persons with increased abrasion of teeth. During the examination of all patients one control and one researched group were formed. The patients of the control group (30 patients aged from 18 to 60 years) which had intact dental rows with any signs of increased tooth wear. The investigated group consisted of 25 patients, aged from 18 to 60 years. Depending on the complex treatment, the patients of the second group were divided into two subgroups. Subgroup 2A - (10 patients) with increased abrasion of tooth hard tissues with planned complex treatment of the disease without additional use of mouthguards after the end of treatment. For the patients from the 2B subgroup (15 people with increased abrasion of tooth hard tissues) a mouthguard was prescribed after the end of the complex treatment. In order to study some peculiarities of the muscular activity of the maxillofacial region an electromyogram was taken from all participants before treatment and repeated in a six- and twelve-months term. RESULTS: Results and conclusions: In our opinion, all manifestations of increased tooth abrasion are associated with changes in the muscular system, the motor apparatus and the nervous activity of the body. Regarding to this, the study of the propria muscular system and the related bone system can justify the usage of one or another prevention or treatment of the pathology. Based on the results of our research, we can conclude that the study of the functional state of the muscle complex is a fairly reliable prognostic sign in the study of such a disease as an increased tooth abrasion.

Changes in electromyography test results of patients with pathological abrasion of teeth. the role of anterior teeth in the process of rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Abrasion of teeth significantly affects electromyography results. Analyzing electromyograms of patients who needs complex rehabilitation, it is necessary to note absence of dissociation of the structure, appearance of spontaneous activity in one of the muscles, presence of the prevailing chewing side, appearance of low-amplitude oscillations in biocurrents. The aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of anterior teeth in the rehabilitation of patients with increased abrasion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods: The experimental group involved patients (men and women) aged 20 to 59 years with increased abrasion of teeth I-III degrees. Patients were provided with all the necessary complexes of rehabilitation measures: direct restorations with composite materials using the adhesive system of the Vth generation (in case of light abrasion), indirect ceramic restorations (severe abrasion). All work was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and was approved by the Ethical Committee of the academy. RESULTS: Results: Activity of the right masseter muscle was slightly higher than that of the left one (313.42 ± 97.96 ms. against 226.69 ± 35.39 ms. respectively). At the same time the resting time of the left and right masseter muscles slightly differs (300.57 ± 30.93 ms. and 307.96 ± 49.47 ms. respectively). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Rehabilitation of patients with increased abrasion using combined methods (direct composite restorations with the adhesive system of Vth generation and indirect ceramic restorations), give the possibility to restore the masticatory function (evidenced by an increase in the activity of right and leftmasseter muscle on 2%, a decrease in the rest phase on 20% almost and an increase in amplitude on 2.9%).

Review of treatment methods of patients with uncomplicated teeth fractures.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Taking into consideration the high prevalence of dental trauma, the issue dental trauma management in the frontal dentition is relevant, considering the principles of biological, economical feasibility and clinical features of each case. The aim: The purpose of this review article is to draw dentists' attention to the high prevalence of uncomplicated fractures of teeth (without pulp chamber exposure) and to highlight the most effective methods for their managment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We have processed about 50 scientific sources devoted to the treatment of traumatic lesions of teeth. Among them are articles, scientific researches, clinical cases, laboratory researches. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The most appropriate method for teeth restoration in a case of uncomplicated fracture is to preserve the fragment of the tooth with its further reattachment applying an adhesion protocol with the preliminary preparation of hard tissues of teeth. To achieve the best aesthetic results and increase the endurance of restoration it is expedient to cover the repartitioned fragment of a tooth with ceramic veneers.