Salicylaldehyde built fluorescent probe for dual sensing of Al3+, Zn2+ ions: Applications in latent fingerprint, bio-imaging & real sample analysis.

This Schiff base chemosensor (SNN) detected dual ions, Al3+ and Zn2+ ions selectively. Fluorescence spectrum investigations showed that Al3+ ions increased fluorescence intensity, notably at 493 nm. Introducing Zn2+ ions caused a significant blue shift of roughly ∼65 nm at a wavelength of 434 nm, resulting in a notable change in fluorescence intensity. When binding Al3+/Zn2+ ions, the SNN receptor uses three methods. Inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET), excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), and restriction of CN isomerization. The jobs plot method found that SNN + Al3+ and SNN + Zn2+ complexations had a 1:1 stoichiometry. DFT, LC-HRMS, and 1H NMR titration confirm this conclusion. The probe SNN's limit of detection (LOD) for Al3+/Zn2+ ions was 3.99 nM and 1.33 nM. Latent fingerprint (LFP), food samples, pharmaceutical products, and E. coli pathogen bio-imaging have all used the SNN probe to identify Al3+ and Zn2+ ions.

Naphthalene derived Schiff base as a reversible fluorogenic chemosensor for aluminium ions detection.

Schiff base (HNPD) was achieved by reacting 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine in enthanol medium. The spectroscopic analyses were done to establish the formation of Schiff base apparently. Further, synthesized Schiff base conjugate was successfully used as a fluorogenic chemosensor to detect aluminium ions (Al3+) with high fluorescence amplification among the other interfering various metal ions. The limit of detection of 0.0248 × 10-6 M and a binding constant of 6.19 × 103 M-1 were obtained by the receptor HNPD for Al3+ detection. A high influence of intramolecular charge transfer kinetics was established to realize the selective responsiveness towards Al3+ ions. Density functional theory approximation formulated the band energy modulation and localization and delocalization of electron density for the HNPD and Al3+ complexation. The developed sensor ultimately inspected on the real soil and water samples and ascertained the practical ability of Al3+ ions detection of HNPD chemosensor.

Anthracene benzene conjugate (ABC): An asymmetric Schiff base for the selective detection of Ag+ ion using fluorimetry and its applications.

Anthracene based chemosensor ABC has been synthesized and characterized through 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectral studies. UV absorption and emission studies performed to identify the sensing behavior of chemosensor ABC. The probe ABC, originally bright fluorescent, selectively sense Ag+ ion by the quenching the fluorescence intensity through a "Switch On-off" process and quench the fluorescence due to the heavy atom effect interaction with the free chemosensor. The binding constant of the probe ABC with Ag+ was calculated as 5.4 × 104 M-1 and the limit of detection upto 1.4 nM level. The practical utilization of the probe ABC was demonstrated by applying to the real water and soil sample analysis, latent finger print, and the sensor as a fluorescent ink.

A lead selective dimeric quinoline based fluorescent chemosensor and its applications in milk and honey samples, smartphone and bio-imaging.

Dimeric quinoline-based Schiff base was developed (DQS) for the specific detection of Pb2+ ion via fluorimetry. DQS coordinates with Pb2+, a variation in fluorescence intensity with enhanced radical blue shift was observed due to the restriction of CN rotation, CN isomerization, and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanisms. In addition, the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from electron-donating morpholine to phenylene diamine acceptor linked quinoline bridge is responsible for the blue-shifted fluorescence enhancement in the DQS-Pb2+ complex. The binding stoichiometry of DQS: Pb2+ (1:2) was confirmed by host-guest titration and mass spectrometry. The limit of detection (LOD) of the DQS was found to be 1.3 × 10-7 M for Pb2+ ion. The DQS sensing ability of Pb2+ was further applied into milk and honey samples, smartphone, bio-imaging and to construct of an INHIBIT molecular logic gate.

Fabrication of graphene oxide-p-phenylenediamine nanocomposites as fluorescent chemosensors for detection of metal ions.

In this work, graphene oxide-p-Phenylenediamine nanocomposites of two different ratios of Graphene oxide: p-Phenylenediamine (1:1 and 1:5) were prepared and characterized by using analytical, spectroscopic and microscopic studies (GO-pPD 11 and GO-pPD 15). These nanocomposites were employed as fluorescent chemosensors for sensing potential cations. Remarkably, graphene oxide-p-Phenylenediamine nanocomposites of ratio 1:1 (GO-pPD 15) was selective and sensitive to Ag+ ions, whereas the graphene oxide-p-Phenylenediamine nanocomposites of ratio 1:5 (GO-pPD 15) was selective to Ce3+ions. A possible mechanism as switch "off-on" is proposed built on the inhibition of the photo induced electron transfer process in both the fluorescent probes in detecting the metal ions. In addition, interference studies were performed with the help of competitive complexation analysis and no significant interference were found by other potentially competing cations. The pH studies revealed that both the chemosensors can be used at the physiological pH for the ion detection and also the detection time was within 2-3 min. Both the chemosensors show good reversibility and hence the sensors can be used for multiple times. The newer nanocomposites were then utilized in the real water sample analysis as to check its real level application purpose.

Synthesis, antibacterial, anti-oxidant and molecular docking studies of imidazoquinolines.

Quinoline and imidazole derivatives have been playing a significant role in functional bioactivities and were potentially used as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Owing to the limitation of drug resistance, herein we synthesized thio-, chloro-, and hydroxyl-functionalized various imidazoquinolines by molecular hybridization approach. All the imidazoquinoline derivatives were examined for their antibacterial activity against selected bacterial pathogens by the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the anti-oxidant efficacy of imidazoquinolines was also tested using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Among them, electron-withdrawing (-Cl) substituent containing imidazoquinoline 5f showed higher antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities than other imidazoquinolines and reached the effectiveness of the standard. In addition, compounds 4f, 5e, and 3f showed moderate antibacterial activity and other derivatives displayed weak activity against various pathogens. Molecular docking studies were also performed on selected imidazoquinoline derivatives (3f, 4f, and 5f), which showed high docking score and strong binding energy values. These results revealed that thio-imidazoquinoline could assist as a prototype for the designing of multidrug-resistant antibiotics against various microbial organisms.

Quinoline based reversible fluorescent probe for Pb2+; applications in milk, bioimaging and INHIBIT molecular logic gate.

We report the modular design and synthesis of an amine dangled Schiff base quinoline-morpholine conjugate (QMC) for highly selective detection of Pb2+ ions via fluorimetry. The sensing strategy of QMC towards Pb2+ ion exhibits a large blue shift with fluorescent enhancement via the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. At the same time, QMC coordination with Pb2+, the CN single bond rotation between quinoline and morpholine rings and the CN isomerization process were blocked. Best of our knowledge, this is the first blue shifted turn-on fluorescent chemosensor for Pb2+ ion via the ICT process. Furthermore, QMC selectively detects Pb2+ ion without any interference with alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal ions, and limit of detection (LOD) downs to 13 µM, which is a permissible level of Pb2+ ion in drinking water reported by WHO. The 1:2 binding stoichiometry between QMC and Pb2+ was confirmed by fluorimetric, 1H NMR titration, mass spectrometry, and theoretical studies. Finally, QMC was potentially applied for the sensing of Pb2+ ions in milk, red wine, live cells and an INHIBIT molecular logic function was constructed by using Pb2+ and EDTA as chemical inputs.

Triphenyl-imidazole based reversible coloro/fluorimetric sensing and electrochemical removal of Cu2+ ions using capacitive deionization and molecular logic gates.

A simple hydroxyl-substituted triphenyl-imidazole based receptor (HTPI) which selectively detects Cu2+ ion by colorimetric and fluorimetric methods was developed. HTPI detects the Cu2+ ions with the absorption enhancement and fluorescence quenching by the possible ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) and the chelation-enhanced quenching (CHEQ) approaches, respectively. HTPI showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Cu2+ ions detection over other interfering and competing metal ions. Interestingly, HTPI detects Cu2+ ion (LOD) at nanomolar concentrations (19 × 10-9 M (UV-vis) & 27 × 10-9 M (fluorescence), respectively), which is lower than the permissible level of Cu2+ ion reported by World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, HTPI was applied to the molecular logic gate function by using chemical inputs, and Cu2+ ion was potentially removed (95%) via Capacitive Deionization technique.

Pyrene-phenylglycinol linked reversible ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of aluminium in nanomolar range and its bio-imaging.

Pyrene-phenylglycinol tangled ratiometric sensor (R)-1 was developed for the detection of Al3+ ion over other metal ions. Ratiometric behaviour of (R)-1 for Al3+ ion explained through monomer emission and excimer quenching leads to avoiding the π-π interactions of bis-pyrene rings. Pull-push to push-pull binding mechanism is successfully explained by DFT and sensing of Al3+-ions demonstrated in living cells. The LOD of (R)-1 for Al3+ downs to nanomolar concentrations which is lower than the allowed concentration of drinking water set by the (World Health Organization) WHO.

TiO2 Decorated Graphene as a Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Detection of Silver Ions.

In this report, a new design is proposed for the detection of silver ions using Graphene Oxide-Titanium oxide (GO/TiO2) composite. The GO was synthesized by modified Hummers method and the composite is synthesized by chemical reflux method. The surface morphology of the composite was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and it is clearly observed that TiO2 spheres are adsorbed on the surface of GO in a disordered manner. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results confirm the presence of TiO2 on GO. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show the reduced recombination of charge carriers in the (GO/TiO2) composite. The resulting composite selectively detects silver ions over other potentially competing metal ions with no notable interference monitored by fluorescence.

Prediction of cardiovascular risk in cancer patients of South India using WHO/ISH risk prediction charts and Framingham score - A prospective study.

Objective Despite the fact that cancer and heart diseases are interconnected, there is lack of information about the prevalence of cardiovascular risk in cancer patients in the South Indian population. With this background, the present study sought to predict the cardiovascular disease in cancer patients. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medical Oncology, Sri Ramachandra University and Hospital, India. Patients' demographic details, medical information, height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Two risk prediction tools, namely World Health Organization/International Society of hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction charts and Framingham score were used to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk over 10 years. Results A total of 70 patients were included for the study. Breast and stomach cancer were found to be most among the study patients. Cardiovascular disease was assessed using WHO/ISH and Framingham risk assessment tool. With respect to WHO/ISH risk, there is a significant difference in gender, type of cancer, smoking status and age between the risk groups. Males have a high risk compared to females, and smokers have a high risk compared to non-smokers. With respect to Framingham score, there is a significant difference in gender, smoking status and systolic blood pressure between the risk groups. Males have a high risk compared to females, and smokers have a high risk compared to non-smokers. A moderate degree of agreement exists between the two risk prediction tools. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed that there is a low risk of cardiovascular disease in cancer patients.

A dual analyte fluorescent chemosensor based on a furan-pyrene conjugate for Al3+ & HSO3.

A simple chalcone based dual analyte fluorescent probe FPC for Al3+ and HSO3- ions was developed. FPC detects both the analytes through a "turn off-on" approach and by the PET and ICT mechanism. FPC showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Al3+ and HSO3- ions detection over other interfering and competing metal ions. In addition, the LOD of FPC for sensing Al3+ and HSO3- ions was found to be 1.60×10-7M and 0.17×10-6M respectively. An electrochemical desalination technique was employed for the complete removal of Al3+ ions from the environmental water samples by using the probe FPC.

A simple chalcone-based ratiometric chemosensor for silver ion.

Herein, we report the selective binding of Ag(+) ion by the anthracene-based chalcone receptor 1. Receptor 1 behaves as a selective and sensitive chemosensor for the recognition of Ag(+) over other heavy and transition metal ions without any interference and is capable of detecting the metal ion down to 0.15 × 10(-6) M. Receptor 1 on binding with Ag(+) ions exhibits a ratiometric fluorescence enhancement, which is due to the inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer along with the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism.

Mitotic phosphorylation of Bloom helicase at Thr182 is required for its proteasomal degradation and maintenance of chromosomal stability.

Mutations in Bloom helicase (BLM) lead to Bloom Syndrome (BS). BS is characterized by multiple clinical manifestations including predisposition to a wide spectrum of cancers. Studies have revealed the mechanism of BLM recruitment after stalled replication and its role during the repair of DNA damage. We now provide evidence that BLM undergoes K48-linked ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation during mitosis due to the E3 ligase, Fbw7α. Fbw7α carries out its function after GSK3ß- and CDK2/cyclin A2-dependent phosphorylation events on Thr171 and Ser175 of BLM which lies within a well-defined phosphodegron, a sequence which is conserved in all primates. Phosphorylation on BLM Thr171 and Ser175 depends on prior phosphorylation at Thr182 by Chk1/Chk2. Thr182 phosphorylation not only controls BLM ubiquitylation and degradation during mitosis but is also a determinant for its localization on the ultrafine bridges. Consequently lack of Thr182 phosphorylation leads to multiple manifestations of chromosomal instability including increased levels of DNA damage, lagging chromatin, micronuclei formation, breaks and quadriradials. Hence Thr182 phosphorylation on BLM has two functions-it regulates BLM turnover during mitosis and also helps to maintain the chromosomal stability.

Development of fluorescent lead II sensor based on an anthracene derived chalcone.

A simple anthracene based chalcone as a fluorescent chemosensor 1, capable of detecting Pb(2+) in aqueous media, has been synthesized by the reaction between pyridine 2-carboxaldehyde and 9-acetyl anthracene. The Pb(2+) recognition processes follows a photo induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism and are scarcely influenced by other coexisting metal ions. In addition, determination of lead in a variety of samples was also determined.

Specific fluorescent sensing of aluminium using naphthalene benzimidazole derivative in aqueous media.

Naphthalene benzimidazole conjugate bearing a hydroxyl group was synthesized. Its binding properties towards various metal ions were examined and it showed a high selectivity and sensitivity towards Al(3+) ions in aqueous media. The recognition processes follows a photo induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism assisted with the restricted intramolecular C-C single bond rotation and are scarcely influenced by other coexisting metal ions. In addition, determination of Al(3+) in a variety of sewage water samples was also determined.

Paratesticular malignant mesothelioma - a rare case presentation.

Paratesticular malignant mesotheliomas are rare tumors with 223 cases described so far. It is a highly aggressive tumour. We report a case of a malignant mesothelioma arising from the tunica vaginalis of the testis which was highly aggressive in its course.

Synthesis, antimicrobial activities and cytogenetic studies of newer diazepino quinoline derivatives via Vilsmeier-Haack reaction.

The study of the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent on 4-hydroxyquinaldines resulted in a new versatile intermediate 4-chloro-3-formyl-2-(2-hydroxy-ethene-1-yl)quinolines, which on further treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielded the desired diazepino quinoline derivatives. All the synthesized diazepino quinoline derivatives are screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Cytogenetic analysis of the samples is also reported.