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1.
Nature ; 2024 Sep 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39236747

ABSTRACT

Two-terminal monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells demonstrate huge advantages in power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to their respective single-junction counterparts1,2. However, suppressing interfacial recombination at the wide-bandgap perovskite/electron transport layer interface, without compromising its superior charge transport performance, remains a significant challenge for perovskite-silicon tandem cells3,4. By exploiting the nanoscale discretely distributed LiF ultrathin layer followed by an additional deposition of diammonium diiodide molecule, we have devised a bilayer intertwined passivation strategy that combines efficient electron extraction with further suppression of nonradiative recombination. We constructed perovskite-silicon tandem devices on double-side textured Czochralski (CZ)-based silicon heterojunction cell, which featured a mildly-textured front surface and a heavily-textured rear surface, leading to simultaneously enhanced photocurrent and uncompromised rear passivation. The resulting perovskite-silicon tandem achieved an independently certified stabilized PCE of 33.89%, accompanied by an impressive fill factor (FF) of 83.0% and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of nearly 1.97 volts. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported certified efficiency of a two-junction tandem solar cell exceeding the single-junction Shockley-Queisser limit of 33.7%.

2.
Adv Mater ; : e2406296, 2024 Sep 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39233551

ABSTRACT

Li-TFSI doped spiro-OMeTAD is widely recognized as a beneficial hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), contributing to high device efficiencies. However, the uncontrolled migration of lithium ions (Li+) during device operation has impeded its broad adoption in scalable and stable photovoltaic modules. Herein, an additive strategy is proposed by employing ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate (FcPF6) as a relay medium to enhance the hole extraction capability of the spiro-OMeTAD via the instant oxidation function. Besides, the novel Fc-Li interaction effectively restricts the movement of Li+. Simultaneously, the dissociative hexafluorophosphate group is cleverly exploited to regulate the unstable iodide species on the perovskite surface, further inhibiting the formation of migration channels and stabilizing the interfaces. This modification leads to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching 22.13% and 20.27% in 36 cm2 (active area of 18 cm2) and 100 cm2 (active area of 56 cm2) perovskite solar modules (PSMs), respectively, with exceptional operational stability obtained for over 1000 h under the ISOS-L-1 procedure. The novel FcPF6-based engineering approach is pivotal for advancing the industrialization of PSCs, particularly those relying on high-performance spiro-OMeTAD- based HTLs.

3.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(15)2024 Jul 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39123902

ABSTRACT

The intelligent harvesting technology for jujube leaf branches presents a novel avenue for enhancing both the quantity and quality of jujube leaf tea, whereas the precise detection technology for jujube leaf branches emerges as a pivotal factor constraining its development. The precise identification and localization of jujube leaf branches using real-time object detection technology are crucial steps toward achieving intelligent harvesting. When integrated into real-world scenarios, issues such as the background noise introduced by tags, occlusions, and variations in jujube leaf morphology constrain the accuracy of detection and the precision of localization. To address these issues, we describe a jujube leaf branch object detection network based on YOLOv7. First, the Polarized Self-Attention module is embedded into the convolutional layer, and the Gather-Excite module is embedded into the concat layer to incorporate spatial information, thus achieving the suppression of irrelevant information such as background noise. Second, we incorporate implicit knowledge into the Efficient Decoupled Head and replace the original detection head, enhancing the network's capability to extract deep features. Third, to address the issue of imbalanced jujube leaf samples, we employ Focal-EIoU as the bounding box loss function to expedite the regression prediction and enhance the localization accuracy of the model's bounding boxes. Experiments show that the precision of our model is 85%, which is increased by 3.5% compared to that of YOLOv7-tiny. The mAP@0.5 value is 83.7%. Our model's recognition rate, recall and mean average precision are superior to those of other models. Our method could provide technical support for yield estimation in the intelligent management of jujube orchards.


Subject(s)
Agriculture , Plant Leaves , Robotics , Ziziphus , Ziziphus/physiology , Agriculture/methods , Algorithms , Neural Networks, Computer
4.
J Hazard Mater ; 477: 135381, 2024 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39088959

ABSTRACT

Recent studies have demonstrated superworms (larvae of Zophobas atratus) ability to degrade polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) within their digestive system. This study aimed to compare the ability of superworms to degrade the above four polyolefin plastics over a duration of 30 days. In this study, the degradation rate of PE was the highest, and the final average weight of superworms, as well as the final plastic mass loss consumed by them, significantly increased (73.38 % and 52.33 %, respectively) when PE was fed with wheat bran (1:1 [w/w]). FTIR and TGA indicated the occurrence of oxidation and biodegradation processes in the four polyolefin plastics when exposed to superworms. In addition, the molecular weights (Mw and Mn) of excreted polymer residues decreased by 3.1 % and 2.87 % in PE-fed superworms, suggesting that the depolymerization of PE was not entirely dependent on the gut microbial community. The analysis of the gut microbial communities revealed that the dominant microbial community were different for each type of plastic. The results indicate that the gut microbiome of superworms exhibited remarkable adaptability in degrading various types of plastics, and the intake preferences and efficiency of different plastics are associated with different dominant microbial community species.


Subject(s)
Biodegradation, Environmental , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Larva , Polyenes , Animals , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects , Polyenes/metabolism , Larva/metabolism , Plastics/metabolism , Polychaeta/metabolism
5.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 7335, 2024 Aug 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39187539

ABSTRACT

All-perovskite tandem solar cells have shown great promise in breaking the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. However, the efficiency improvement of all-perovskite tandem solar cells is largely hindered by the surface defects induced non-radiative recombination loss in Sn-Pb mixed narrow bandgap perovskite films. Here, we report a surface reconstruction strategy utilizing a surface polishing agent, 1,4-butanediamine, together with a surface passivator, ethylenediammonium diiodide, to eliminate Sn-related defects and passivate organic cation and halide vacancy defects on the surface of Sn-Pb mixed perovskite films. Our strategy not only delivers high-quality Sn-Pb mixed perovskite films with a close-to-ideal stoichiometric ratio surface but also minimizes the non-radiative energy loss at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface. As a result, our Sn-Pb mixed perovskite solar cells with bandgaps of 1.32 and 1.25 eV realize power conversion efficiencies of 22.65% and 23.32%, respectively. Additionally, we further obtain a certified power conversion efficiency of 28.49% of two-junction all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

6.
Clin Respir J ; 18(7): e13793, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38979664

ABSTRACT

One hundred eighty pairs of tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were tested by the transcriptome sequencing in order to explore etiology factors. The chi-square test and correlation analysis demonstrated that the relative expression levels of keratin 17 (KRT17) and collagen type I α1 chain (COL1A1) were significantly higher in EC with diabetes. Expression of KRT17 was correlated with blood glucose (r = 0.204, p = 0.001) and tumor size (r = -0.177, p = 0.038) in patients. COL1A1 correlated with age (r = -0.170, p = 0.029) and blood glucose levels (r = 0.190, p = 0.015). Experimental results of qRT-PCR: KRT17 and COL1A1 genes were highly expressed in ESCC (p < 0.05). When the two genes were used as a combination test, the positive detection rate of EC was 90.6%, and the ROC curve had greater power. The KRT17 and COL1A1 genes had the potential to be biomarkers for the diagnosis of ESCC.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor , Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain , Esophageal Neoplasms , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma , Keratin-17 , Humans , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism , Male , Female , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Middle Aged , Keratin-17/genetics , Keratin-17/metabolism , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/genetics , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/metabolism , Collagen Type I/genetics , Collagen Type I/metabolism , Aged , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
7.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med ; 10(2): e001993, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38974096

ABSTRACT

Objective: The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and muscle atrophy in individuals with rotator cuff tears. Methods: This study consists of patients with rotator cuff tears identified by MRI from two independent cohorts, the Rotator Cuff Outcomes Workgroup (ROW) and the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON). Presence of atrophy (yes/no) and severity of atrophy (as an ordinal variable) were assessed on MRI by expert physicians. We used multivariable regression models to evaluate the relationship between BMI and muscle atrophy while adjusting for age and sex in each study, conducted sensitivity analyses for full-thickness tear and combined results using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis. Results: A total of 539 patients (MOON=395, ROW=144) from the combined cohorts had MRI data available on muscle atrophy. Among these patients, 246 (46%) had atrophy of at least one of the muscles of the rotator cuff and 282 (52%) had full-thickness tears. In meta-analysis across both cohorts, each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a 21% (aOR=1.21, 95% CI=1.02, 1.43) increased odds of having muscle atrophy among individuals with any tear size, and 36% (aOR=1.36, 95% CI=1.01-1.81) increased odds among individuals with full-thickness tear. Conclusions: Higher BMI was associated with significantly higher odds of muscle atrophy in patiens with rotator cuff tears. More study is needed to unders1tand why and how this relationship exists, as well as whether interventions to reduce BMI may help improve outcomes for these patients. Level of Evidence: III.

8.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39019353

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) contributes substantially to both short- and long-term mortality after lung transplantation, but the mechanisms that lead to PGD are not well understood. Exposure to ambient air pollutants is associated with adverse events during waitlisting for lung transplantation and chronic lung allograft dysfunction, but its association with PGD has not been studied. We hypothesized that long-term exposure of the lung donor and recipient to high levels of ambient air pollutants would increase the risk of PGD in lung transplant recipients. METHODS: Using data from 1428 lung transplant recipients and their donors enrolled in the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group observational cohort study, we evaluated the association between the development of PGD and zip-code-based estimates of long-term exposure to 6 major air pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter 2.5, and particulate matter 10) in both the lung donor and the lung recipient. Exposure estimates used daily EPA air pollutant monitoring data and were based on the geographic centroid of each subject's residential zip code. Associations were tested in both univariable and multivariable models controlling for known PGD risk factors. RESULTS: We did not find strong associations between air pollutant exposures in either the donor or the recipient and PGD. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to ambient air pollutants, at the levels observed in this study, may not be sufficiently harmful to prime the donor lung or the recipient to develop PGD, particularly when considering the robust associations with other established PGD risk factors.

9.
J Environ Manage ; 365: 121344, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38909572

ABSTRACT

Recovering phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from wastewater not only contributes to environmental protection but also aligns with sustainable development goals. This study employed a magnesium-air fuel cell (Mg-O2-FC) to extract P and N from wastewater in the form of struvite (MgNH4·6H2O), based on the removal efficiency of ammonia and phosphate, electricity generation capacity and struvite purity to determine the optimal operation parameters. These parameters included hydraulic retention time (HRT), service life of magnesium sheet, and precipitation discharge frequency. The results showed that the removal efficiency of ammonia from 0 to 4h was 55.99%, and that from 4 to 12h was only 15.74%. The phosphate removal efficiency in the initial cycle was 97.68% but decreased to 63.25% after 24h. The phosphate removal rate in 2 min increased by 145% when the precipitation discharge frequency increased from 4 h/time to 24 h/time. Consequently, the HRT, service life of the magnesium sheet, and precipitation discharge frequency were selected as 4 h, 24 h, and 24 h/time. These optimized conditions provide valuable insights for the practical implementation of Mg-O2-FC in recovering N and P from wastewater.


Subject(s)
Magnesium , Nitrogen , Phosphorus , Wastewater , Phosphorus/chemistry , Phosphorus/analysis , Wastewater/chemistry , Nitrogen/analysis , Magnesium/chemistry , Magnesium/analysis , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Ammonia/chemistry , Phosphates/chemistry , Phosphates/analysis
10.
J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 125(4S): 101954, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38908479

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The present systematic review was performed to identify risk factors associated with life-threatening complications of head and neck space infections (LCHNSI) within the included studies and assess the magnitude of their impact on patients. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, EmBase, Scopus and CNKI for articles that reported risk factors associated with life-threatening complications of head and neck space infections from inception to 14 December 2023. Only factors reported in at least three papers were considered in the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed effects model and random effects model. The between-study heterogeneity of effect size was quantified using the Q statistic and I2. In addition, subgroup analysis stratified by study characteristics and sensitivity analysis were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity and the stability of the results. RESULTS: The review included a total of 29 studies. The results revealed that the risk factors which associated with LCHNSI were included diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.31, 95 % CI: 2.49-4.40), total leukocyte count(≥15 × 109/L) (OR = 1.21, 95 %CI: 1.04-1.42), multiple space involvement (OR = 4.32, 95 %CI: 3.47-5.38), combined systemic diseases (OR = 9.94, 95 %CI: 6.30-15.67), advanced age(≥60) (OR = 3.90, 95 %CI: 2.80-5.44), dyspnoea (OR = 23.39, 95 %CI: 12.41-44.10), high temperature(≥39°C) (OR = 3.23, 95 %CI: 2.02-5.17), retropharyngeal space involvement (OR = 3.62, 95 %CI: 2.06-6.35), parapharyngeal space involvement (OR = 4.62, 95 %CI: 2.27-9.42). CONCLUSIONS: According to the current analysis, diabetes mellitus, total leukocyte count(≥15 × 109/L), combined systemic diseases, multiple space involvement, advanced age(≥60), dyspnoea, high temperature (≥39 °C), retropharyngeal space involvement, parapharyngeal space involvement were the risk factors for LCHNSI. To mitigate the incidence of LCHNSI, clinical staff should carefully manage these risk factors, ensure prompt diagnosis, and implement timely preventive measures.


Subject(s)
Neck , Humans , Risk Factors , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Head , Leukocyte Count
11.
J Environ Manage ; 359: 121005, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38710147

ABSTRACT

With digital technological change and the increasing frequency of interregional innovation links, the spatial correlation and diversity of strategic emerging industries' green innovation efficiency (SEI-GIE) need to be explored in depth. This paper innovatively constructs the SEI-GIE input-output index system under digital economy. The proposed grey model FINGBM(1,1) with ω-order accumulation and weighted initial value optimization realizes effective prediction of 7 input-output indicators of 30 provinces in China from 2021 to 2025. Super-SBM-DEA, gravity model, and social network analysis are applied to explore spatial network structure's dynamic process of SEI-GIE from 12th to 14th Five-Year-Plan period (2011-2025). Empirical results show that (1) Under the effect of digital economy, the SEI-GIE in China generally shows a U-shaped fluctuation trend, in which the growth trend in the central region is obvious, and the western region shows significant fluctuations. (2) The spatial correlation network of SEI-GIE presents a complex and stable center-periphery circle. Particularly, the overall increase in network efficiency highlights the strong small-world characteristics. (3) Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu have always been in the leading core position, with strong influence and control; And Tianjin's core position in the network will decline. Additionally, Guangxi and Chongqing have great potential, but Guangdong needs to strengthen its radiation effect. (4) Block model shows that plate-I (Beijing, Tianjin) receive spatial spillovers from others, while plates-III,IV have significant spillover effects. This study provides theoretical reference for policymakers from a network perspective to promote development of China's SEI-GIE.


Subject(s)
Social Network Analysis , China , Industry , Models, Theoretical , Inventions
12.
Small ; 20(33): e2312067, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38563596

ABSTRACT

The open circuit voltage (VOC) losses at multiple interfaces within perovskite solar cells (PSCs) limit the improvements in power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, a tailored strategy is proposed to reduce the energy offset at both hetero-interfaces within PSCs to decrease the VOC losses. For the interface of perovskite and electron transport layer where exists a mass of defects, it uses the pyromellitic acid to serve as a molecular bridge, which reduces non-radiative recombination and energy level offset. For the interface of perovskite and hole transport layer, which includes a passivator of PEAI, the detrimental effect (negative shift of work function) of PEAI passivation and optimizing the interface energy level alignment are neutralized by incorporating (2-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-1-cyanovinyl)phosphonic acid. Owing to synergistically reduced hetero-interface energy offset, the PSCs achieve a PCE of 25.13%, and the VOC is increased from 1.134 to 1.174 V. In addition, the resulting PSCs possess enhanced stability, the unencapsulated PSCs can maintain ≈96% and ≈97% of their initial PCE after 2000 h of aging under ambient conditions and 210 h under operation conditions.

13.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(5)2024 Feb 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38473979

ABSTRACT

Many Dendrobium species, which hold a high status and value in traditional Chinese medicine, grow on barks and rocks in the wild, often encountering harsh environments and facing droughts. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the shift in the photosynthetic pathway induced by drought remain unclear. To address this issue, three Dendrobium species with different photosynthetic pathways were selected for sequencing and transcriptome data analysis after drought treatment. The findings included 134.43 GB of sequencing data, with numerous Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) exhibiting different response mechanisms under drought stress. Gene Ontology (GO)-KEGG-based enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that metabolic pathways contributed to drought tolerance and alterations in photosynthetic pathways. Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC) was subjected to phylogenetic tree construction, sequence alignment, and domain analysis. Under drought stress, variations were observed in the PEPC gene structure and expression among different Dendrobium species; the upregulation of Dc_gene2609 expression may be caused by dof-miR-384, which resulted in the shift from C3 photosynthesis to CAM, thereby improving drought tolerance in Dendrobium. This study revealed the expression patterns and roles of PEPC genes in enhancing plant drought tolerance and will provide an important basis for in-depth research on Dendrobium's adaptation mechanisms in arid environments.


Subject(s)
Dendrobium , Droughts , Dendrobium/genetics , Phylogeny , Transcriptome , Gene Expression Profiling , Photosynthesis , Stress, Physiological/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
14.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 63(21): e202402840, 2024 May 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38509835

ABSTRACT

The doped organic hole transport layer (HTL) is crucial for achieving high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the traditional doping strategy undergoes a time-consuming and environment-dependent oxidation process, which hinders the technology upgrades and commercialization of PSCs. Here, we reported a new strategy by introducing a cascade reaction in traditional doped Spiro-OMeTAD, which can simultaneously achieve rapid oxidation and overcome the erosion of perovskite by 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) in organic HTL. The ideal dopant iodobenzene diacetate was utilized as the initiator that can react with Spiro to generate Spiro⋅+ radicals quickly and efficiently without the participation of ambient air, with the byproduct of iodobenzene (DB). Then, the DB can coordinate with tBP through a halogen bond to form a tBP-DB complex, minimizing the sustained erosion from tBP to perovskite. Based on the above cascade reaction, the resulting Spiro-based PSCs have a champion PCE of 25.76 % (certificated of 25.38 %). This new oxidation process of HTL is less environment-dependent and produces PSCs with higher reproducibility. Moreover, the PTAA-based PSCs obtain a PCE of 23.76 %, demonstrating the excellent applicability of this doping strategy on organic HTL.

15.
J Obstet Gynaecol ; 44(1): 2330697, 2024 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38520272

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To determine the association of trainees involvement with surgical outcomes of abdominal and laparoscopic myomectomy including operative time, rate of transfusion, and complications. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 1145 patients who underwent an abdominal or laparoscopic myomectomy from 2008-2012 using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (Canadian Task Force Classification II-2). RESULTS: Overall, 64% of myomectomies involved trainees. Trainees involvement was associated with a longer operative time for abdominal myomectomies (mean difference 20.17 minutes, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [11.37,28.97], p < 0.01) overall and when stratified by fibroid burden. For laparoscopic myomectomy, there was no difference in operative time between trainees vs no trainees involvement (mean difference 4.64 minutes, 95% CI [-18.07,27.35], p = 0.67). There was a higher rate of transfusion with trainees involvement for abdominal myomectomies (10% vs 2%, p < 0.01; Odds Ratio (OR) 5.62, 95% CI [2.53,12.51], p < 0.01). Trainees involvement was not found to be associated with rate of transfusion for laparoscopic myomectomy (4% vs 5%, p = 0.86; OR 0.82, 95% CI [0.16,4.14], p = 0.81). For abdominal myomectomy, there was a higher rate of overall complications (15% vs 5%, p < 0.01; OR 2.96, 95% CI [1.77,4.93], p < 0.01) and minor complications (14% vs 4%, p < 0.01; OR 3.71, 95% CI [2.09,6.57], p < 0.01) with no difference in major complications (3% vs 2%, p = 0.23). For laparoscopic myomectomy, there was no difference in overall (6% vs 10% p = 0.41; OR 0.59, 95% CI [0.18,2.01], p = 0.40), major (2% vs 0%, p = 0.38), or minor (5% vs 10%, p = 0.32; OR 0.52, 95% CI [0.15,1.79], p = 0.30) complications. CONCLUSION: Trainees involvement was associated with increased operative time, rate of transfusion, and complications for abdominal myomectomy, however, did not impact surgical outcomes for laparoscopic myomectomy.


TITLE: Trainees Involvement in MyomectomyThe goal of our study was to determine the association of trainees involvement with surgical outcomes of fibroid excision surgery or myomectomy. We conducted a study of abdominal and laparoscopic myomectomies using an international surgical database. We found that trainees involvement in myomectomy was associated with increased operative time, rate of transfusion, and complications for abdominal myomectomy. However, trainees involvement did not impact surgical outcomes for laparoscopic myomectomy.


Subject(s)
Laparoscopy , Uterine Myomectomy , Uterine Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Uterine Myomectomy/adverse effects , Uterine Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Laparoscopy/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
16.
J Surg Res ; 296: 532-540, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38335901

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Circumferential resection margin (CRM) is a key quality metric and predictor of oncologic outcomes and overall survival following surgery for rectal cancer. We aimed to develop a nomogram to identify patients at risk for a positive CRM in the preoperative setting. METHODS: We performed a retrospective evaluation of the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2014 for patients with clinical stage I-III rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision. Patients were excluded for emergency operation, resection for cancer recurrence, palliative resection, transanal resection, and missing CRM status. The primary outcome was positive CRM. Secondary outcomes included overall survival. RESULTS: There were 28,790 patients included. 2245 (7.8%) had a positive CRM. Higher tumor grade, lack of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, mucinous/signet tumor histology, open approach, abdominoperineal resection, higher T stage, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion were all significantly associated with positive CRM (P < 0.05) and were included in the nomogram. The C-statistic was 0.703, suggesting a good predictive model. CONCLUSIONS: Positive CRM is associated with specific patient demographics and tumor characteristics. These factors can be used along with preoperative MRI to predict CRM positivity in the preoperative period and plan accordingly.


Subject(s)
Nomograms , Rectal Neoplasms , Humans , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective Studies , Margins of Excision , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Staging
17.
Small ; 20(32): e2311673, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38420901

ABSTRACT

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as the most promising avenue for the commercialization of PSCs due to their potential inherent stability. However, suboptimal interface contacts between electron transport layer (ETL) (such as C60) and the perovskite absorbing layer within inverted PSCs always result in reduced efficiency and poor stability. Herein, a surface state manipulation strategy has been developed by employing a highly electronegative 4-fluorophenethylamine hydrochloride (p-F-PEACl) to effectively address the issue of poor interface contacts in the inverted PSCs. The p-F-PEACl demonstrates a robust interaction with perovskite film through bonding of amino group and Cl- with I- and Pb2+ ions in the perovskite, respectively. As such, the surface defects of perovskite film can be significantly reduced, leading to suppressed non-radiative recombination. Moreover, p-F-PEACl also plays a dual role in enhancing the surface potential and improving energy-level alignment at the interfaces between the perovskite and C60 carrier transport layer, which directly contributes to efficient charge extraction. Finally, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of devices increases from 1.104 V to 1.157 V, leading to an overall efficiency improvement from 22.34% to 24.78%. Furthermore, the p-F-PEACl-treated PSCs also display excellent stability.

18.
JAMA ; 331(4): 302-317, 2024 01 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38261043

ABSTRACT

Importance: Adverse outcomes associated with treatments for localized prostate cancer remain unclear. Objective: To compare rates of adverse functional outcomes between specific treatments for localized prostate cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants: An observational cohort study using data from 5 US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program registries. Participants were treated for localized prostate cancer between 2011 and 2012. At baseline, 1877 had favorable-prognosis prostate cancer (defined as cT1-cT2bN0M0, prostate-specific antigen level <20 ng/mL, and grade group 1-2) and 568 had unfavorable-prognosis prostate cancer (defined as cT2cN0M0, prostate-specific antigen level of 20-50 ng/mL, or grade group 3-5). Follow-up data were collected by questionnaire through February 1, 2022. Exposures: Radical prostatectomy (n = 1043), external beam radiotherapy (n = 359), brachytherapy (n = 96), or active surveillance (n = 379) for favorable-prognosis disease and radical prostatectomy (n = 362) or external beam radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy (n = 206) for unfavorable-prognosis disease. Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes were patient-reported sexual, urinary, bowel, and hormone function measured using the 26-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (range, 0-100; 100 = best). Associations of specific therapies with each outcome were estimated and compared at 10 years after treatment, adjusting for corresponding baseline scores, and patient and tumor characteristics. Minimum clinically important differences were 10 to 12 for sexual function, 6 to 9 for urinary incontinence, 5 to 7 for urinary irritation, and 4 to 6 for bowel and hormone function. Results: A total of 2445 patients with localized prostate cancer (median age, 64 years; 14% Black, 8% Hispanic) were included and followed up for a median of 9.5 years. Among 1877 patients with favorable prognosis, radical prostatectomy was associated with worse urinary incontinence (adjusted mean difference, -12.1 [95% CI, -16.2 to -8.0]), but not worse sexual function (adjusted mean difference, -7.2 [95% CI, -12.3 to -2.0]), compared with active surveillance. Among 568 patients with unfavorable prognosis, radical prostatectomy was associated with worse urinary incontinence (adjusted mean difference, -26.6 [95% CI, -35.0 to -18.2]), but not worse sexual function (adjusted mean difference, -1.4 [95% CI, -11.1 to 8.3), compared with external beam radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy. Among patients with unfavorable prognosis, external beam radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy was associated with worse bowel (adjusted mean difference, -4.9 [95% CI, -9.2 to -0.7]) and hormone (adjusted mean difference, -4.9 [95% CI, -9.5 to -0.3]) function compared with radical prostatectomy. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients treated for localized prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy was associated with worse urinary incontinence but not worse sexual function at 10-year follow-up compared with radiotherapy or surveillance among people with more favorable prognosis and compared with radiotherapy for those with unfavorable prognosis. Among men with unfavorable-prognosis disease, external beam radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy was associated with worse bowel and hormone function at 10-year follow-up compared with radical prostatectomy.


Subject(s)
Prostatic Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Androgen Antagonists/administration & dosage , Androgen Antagonists/adverse effects , Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Urinary Incontinence/epidemiology , Urinary Incontinence/etiology , United States/epidemiology , SEER Program/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Prostatectomy/adverse effects , Prostatectomy/methods , Prostatectomy/statistics & numerical data , Patient Reported Outcome Measures , Prognosis , Watchful Waiting/statistics & numerical data , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Radiotherapy/methods , Radiotherapy/statistics & numerical data
19.
J Clin Oncol ; 42(7): 832-841, 2024 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38060973

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The optimal management of fever without severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] ≥500/µL) in pediatric patients with cancer is undefined. The previously proposed Esbenshade Vanderbilt (EsVan) models accurately predict bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in this population and provide risk stratification to aid management, but have lacked prospective external validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Episodes of fever with a central venous catheter and ANC ≥500/µL occurring in pediatric patients with cancer were prospectively collected from 18 academic medical centers. Variables included in the EsVan models and 7-day clinical outcomes were collected. Five versions of the EsVan models were applied to the data with calculation of C-statistics for both overall BSI rate and high-risk organism BSI (gram-negative and Staphylococcus aureus BSI), as well as model calibration. RESULTS: In 2,565 evaluable episodes, the BSI rate was 4.7% (N = 120). Complications for the whole cohort were rare, with 1.1% (N = 27) needing intensive care unit (ICU) care by 7 days, and the all-cause mortality rate was 0.2% (N = 5), with only one potential infection-related death. C-statistics ranged from 0.775 to 0.789 for predicting overall BSI, with improved accuracy in predicting high-risk organism BSI (C-statistic 0.800-0.819). Initial empiric antibiotics were withheld in 14.9% of episodes, with no deaths or ICU admissions attributable to not receiving empiric antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The EsVan models, especially EsVan2b, perform very well prospectively across multiple academic medical centers and accurately stratify risk of BSI in episodes of non-neutropenic fever in pediatric patients with cancer. Implementation of routine screening with risk-stratified management for non-neutropenic fever in pediatric patients with cancer could safely reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Bacterial Infections , Infections , Neoplasms , Sepsis , Humans , Child , Prospective Studies , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Fever/diagnosis , Fever/etiology , Neoplasms/complications , Sepsis/diagnosis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
20.
J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 125(2): 101675, 2024 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37923133

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar trigone (primary SCC RMT) is an uncommon malignant tumor. There is still much to learn about its clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. In order to better understand the clinicopathological features and predictive survival aspects of primary SCC RMT, this study examined data from the SEER database from 2000 to 2020. Furthermore, in order to forecast the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with primary SCC RMT, we created nomograms. METHOD: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to retrieve the information on individuals with primary SCC RMT who received a diagnosis between 2000 and 2020. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional risk regression model. Using R software, prognostic nomograms were created to forecast the OS and CSS likelihood. The nomograms' prediction abilities were evaluated using the consistency index (C-index), calibration curve, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULT: A total of 1717 patients with primary SCC RMT were included, they were randomly assigned to the primary and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio using R software. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that age, marital status, regional nodes positive, Summary stage, TNM stage, T stage, N stage, surgery were independent prognostic factors of OS, and age, marital status, regional nodes positive, tumor sizes, Summary stage, N stage, surgery were independent prognostic factors of CSS in the primary cohort. The C-index of the nomogram OS was 0.705 (95 % CI: 0.685-0.725) and the C-index of CSS was 0.734 (95 % CI:0.714-0.754) in the primary cohort. In validation cohort, the C-index of the nomogram OS and CSS were 0.730 (95 % CI: 0.710-0.750) and 0.723 (95 % CI: 0.684-0.762), respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS rates in the primary cohort and validation cohort were approximately in line with the nomogram estimations, in accordance to the calibration curves. CONCLUSION: We conducted an analysis using the SEER database to investigate the features, survival outcomes, and prognostic parameters of patients with primary SCC RMT. And we developed two prognostic nomograms that can be used by clinicians to forecast the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival and cancer-specific survival of patients with primary SCC RMT.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Humans , Prognosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Software
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