Clinical Study of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Laser Ablation Therapy with Indocyanine Green in Root Canal Treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Laser ablation (LA) therapy is used as an adjunct to endodontic treatment to improve microbial reduction. However, studies evaluating the impact of LA with indocyanine green (ICG) are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of LA therapy with ICG in root canal treatment. METHODS: Sixty patients with periapical lesions in teeth with a single canal and absence of pain, edema, and previous treatment were selected. Patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups according to the apical sizes used (n = 20); 25/04, 30/04, and 35/04 were the final sizes used. In half the patients of each group, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was used as an irrigating solution, and in the other half, saline solution was used. After instrumentation, all patients received LA therapy with ICG. Root canal sampling was performed before (S1) and after (S2) root canal instrumentation and immediately after LA therapy with ICG (S3). Colony-forming units were counted, and statistical tests were applied (P < .05). RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in colony-forming units from S1 to S2 in all treatment protocols (P < .05); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite as an irrigating solution showed a greater microbial reduction compared with saline solution (P < .05). LA therapy with ICG further reduced the microbial counts significantly (S2 to S3 and S1 to S3) whether sodium hypochlorite or saline was used (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: LA therapy with ICG significantly increased microbial reduction in root canals regardless of instrumentation sizes or the irrigation solution used.

Does pregabalin act in pain control after lateral pharyngoplasties and tonsillectomies? A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Some studies have pointed to gabapentinoids as promising medications in postoperative pain control. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin in reducing postoperative pain in tonsillectomy and lateral pharyngoplasties. STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary care center. METHODS: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients undergoing tonsillectomies and lateral pharyngoplasties between Aug 29, 2017, and Oct 31, 2020. Data of interest such as opioid consumption, pain scores, and adverse outcomes such as dizziness, nausea, headache, and sedation within 7 days following surgeries were analyzed. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in pain scores and opioid consumption between the groups studied in the pilot project. The use of pregabalin was associated with lower incidence of dizziness compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Gabapentinoids, especially pregabalin, are drugs whose potential for controlling pain after pharyngeal surgery, such as tonsillectomy and sleep apnea surgery, still needs to be more fully evaluated. After the conclusion of the present study, we hope to answer this question about the role of pregabalin in oropharyngeal surgeries.

DESFECHOS OBSTÉTRICOS DE GESTANTES NULÍPARAS SEGUNDO A CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE ROBSON / OBSTETRIC OUTCOMES OF NULIPAROUS PREGNANT WOMEN ACCORDING TO ROBSON'S CLASSIFICATION / RESULTADOS OBSTÉTRICOS DE NULIPARAS EMBARAZADAS SEGÚN LA CLASIFICACIÓN DE ROBSON

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desfecho obstétrico de gestantes nulíparas pertencentes aos grupos 1 e 2 da Classificação de Robson (CR), atendidas em uma maternidade de grande porte de Porto Alegre/RS. Método: Trata-se de um estudo documental, quantitativo, com abordagem transversal e descritiva com amostra constituída de 478 parturientes que tiveram seu parto vaginal ou cesárea assistidos no hospital no período de 01/07/2018 a 01/01/2019. Resultados: Observou-se que 82,9% das gestantes incluídas no Grupo 1 tiveram parto vaginal, já das incluídas no grupo 2, a maioria (57,3%) tiveram cesariana como desfecho obstétrico. Conclusões: O estudo apontou uma porcentagem elevada de cesarianas em nulíparas, evidenciando a necessidade de melhoria nas estratégias para reduzir, cada vez mais, esse índice, principalmente para as mulheres que estão parindo pela primeira vez. Palavras-chave: Obstetrícia; Cesárea; Parto Normal; Trabalho de Parto Induzido; Gestantes

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the obstetric outcome of nulliparous pregnant women belonging to groups 1 and 2 of the Robson Classification (RC), attended at a large maternity hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. Method: It was a documentary study, quantitative, with a cross-sectional and descriptive approach, with a population consisting of 478 parturients who had their vaginal delivery or cesarean section assisted at the hospital from 07/01/2018 to 01/01/2019. Results: It was observed that 82.9% of the pregnant women included in Group 1 had a vaginal delivery, while those included in group 2, the majority (57.3%) had cesarean section as an obstetric outcome. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a high percentage of cesarean sections in nulliparous women, highlighting the need to improve strategies to increasingly reduce this rate, especially for women who are giving birth for the first time. Keywords: Obstetrics; Cesarean Section; Normal Birth; Induced Labor; Pregnant Women

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el resultado obstétrico de gestantes nulíparas pertenecientes a los grupos 1 y 2 de la Classificación de Robson (CR), atendidas en una gran maternidad de Porto Alegre/RS. Método: Fue un estudio documental, cuantitativo, con enfoque transversal y descriptivo, con una población conformada por 478 parturientas que tuvieron su parto vaginal o cesárea asistidas en el hospital del 01/07/2018 al 01/01/2019. Resultados: Se observó que 82,9% de las gestantes incluidas en el Grupo 1 tuvo parto vaginal, mientras que las incluidas en el grupo 2, la mayoría (57,3%) tuvo como resultado obstétrico la cesárea. Conclusiones: El estudio señaló un alto porcentaje de cesáreas en mujeres nulíparas, destacando la necesidad de mejorar las estrategias para reducir cada vez más esa tasa, especialmente para las mujeres que dan a luz por primera vez. Palabras clave: Obstetricia; Cesárea; Parto Normal; Trabajo de Parto Inducido; Mujeres Embarazadas

Proteomic analysis of infected root canals with apical periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the proteomic profile of apical periodontitis (AP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in comparison with systemically noncompromised patients and to correlate the protein expression of both groups with their biological functions. METHODOLOGY: The sample consisted of 18 patients with asymptomatic AP divided into two groups according to the presence of T2DM: diabetic group-patients with T2DM (n = 9) and control group-systemically healthy patients (n = 9). After sample collection, the root canal samples were prepared for proteomic analysis using reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed by Protein Lynx Global Service software. Differences in protein expression between groups were calculated using t-test (p < .05). Biological functions were analysed using the Homo sapiens UniProt database. RESULTS: A total of 727 human proteins were identified in all samples. Among them, 124 proteins common to both groups were quantified, out of which 65 proteins from the diabetic group showed significant differences compared with the control: 43 upregulated (p < .05) and 22 downregulated (p < .05) proteins. No significant differences in protein expression were seen for the remaining 59 proteins (p > .05). Most proteins with differences in expression were related to immune/inflammatory response. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Plastin-2, Lactotransferrin and 13 isoforms of immunoglobulins were upregulated. In contrast, Protein S100-A8, Protein S100-A9, Histone H2B, Neutrophil defensin 1, Neutrophil defensin 3 and Prolactin-inducible protein were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative differences were demonstrated in the expression of proteins common to diabetic and control groups, mainly related to immune response, oxidative stress, apoptosis and proteolysis. These findings revealed biological pathways that provide the basis to support clinical findings on the relationship between AP and T2DM.

LIECHTENSTEIN VERSUS LAPAROSCOPIC TRANSABDOMINAL PREPERITONEAL (TAPP) HERNIA REPAIR: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY FOCUSED ON POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES IN A GENERAL SURGERY UNIT. / LIECHTENSTEIN VERSUS CORREÇÃO DE HÉRNIA LAPAROSCÓPICA TRANSABDOMINAL PRÉ-PERITONEAL (TAPP): UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO PROSPECTIVO COM FOCO NOS RESULTADOS PÓS-OPERATÓRIOS EM UMA UNIDADE DE CIRURGIA GERAL.

AIM: Three surgical techniques for inguinal hernia repair are currently validated. Few studies have compared results among Lichtenstein and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic approach obtained at an early step of the learning curve. This study aims to compare the early treatment results between the Liechtenstein technique and the laparoscopic TAPP approach to provide a basis for the surgeon's decision-making. METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent laparoscopic TAPP approach (114 patients), and those who underwent open Lichtenstein repair (35 patients). Data were collected from the medical records during the evolution of the immediate postoperative period and by telephone contact after hospital discharge. For the analysis of the variables, the chi-square test of independence was implemented, with a level of significance set at a p-value of 0.05. RESULTS: There was a strong association between laparoscopy, less postoperative pain, and longer operative time. In addition, a preference for the technique in cases of recurrence, bilaterality, associated umbilical hernia, or obesity was noticed. In this study, the Lichtenstein technique was associated with a shorter time to return to work and was the treatment of choice for elderly patients. CONCLUSION: TAPP laparoscopic herniorrhaphy should be the first choice in cases of bilaterality, associated umbilical hernia, obesity, and recurrence to a previous anterior repair. The surgical risk is adequate for the procedure, even at early stages of the learning curve.

OBJETIVO: Três técnicas cirúrgicas para correção de hérnia inguinal estão atualmente validadas. Poucos estudos compararam os resultados entre Lichtenstein e a abordagem laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal obtidos em uma etapa inicial da curva de aprendizado. Comparar os resultados iniciais do tratamento entre a técnica de Liechtenstein e a abordagem pré-peritoneal transabdominal laparoscópica para fornecer uma base para a tomada de decisão do cirurgião. MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo 1: aborgadem laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal (114 pacientes), e grupo 2: reparo aberto de Lichtenstein (35 pacientes). Os dados foram coletados em prontuários médicos durante a evolução do pós-operatório imediato e por contato telefônico após a alta hospitalar. Para a análise das variáveis, foi implementado o teste de independência Qui-Quadrado, com nível de significância estabelecido em p-valor = 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve forte associação entre laparoscopia, menos dor pós-operatória e maior tempo operatório. Além disso, notou-se preferência pela técnica nos casos de recorrência, bilateralidade, hérnia umbilical associada ou obesidade. Neste estudo, a técnica de Lichtenstein foi associada a um menor tempo de retorno ao trabalho e foi o tratamento de escolha para pacientes idosos. CONCLUSÃO: A herniorrafia laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal deve ser a primeira escolha em casos de bilateralidade, hérnia umbilical associada, obesidade e recorrência para reparo anterior. O risco cirúrgico é adequado para o procedimento, mesmo nos estágios iniciais da curva de aprendizado.

Sexo, estadiamento puberal, hábitos alimentares e de vida e desfechos clínico-nutricionais na saúde adolescente / Sex, pubertal stage, eating and lifestyle habits and clinical-nutritional outcomes in adolescent health

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre sexo, variáveis sociodemográficas, maturacionais, alimentares e de estilo de vida e desfechos clínico-nutricionais. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 232 adolescentes entre 12 e 19 anos do projeto Camelia, realizado em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, em 2006 e 2007, pela Universidade Federal Fluminense. Os participantes foram submetidos a questionário, consulta médica, mensuração da pressão arterial, coleta de sangue e urina, avaliação antropométrica, maturacional e nutricional. Modelos de regressão linear e logística foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre o sexo, variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos alimentares e estilo de vida com os desfechos: Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), % de Gordura Corporal (%GC), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL); glicemia, colesterol e pressão arterial, segundo o estadiamento puberal. Resultados: Hábitos saudáveis como o consumo semanal de feijão igual ou superior a cinco vezes impactaram positivamente no IMC, %GC, LDL, e no colesterol e glicose (até 2 vezes ao dia) (ambos no estadiamento puberal inicial); e o consumo de frutas (duas a três vezes por dia), e vegetais (três ou mais vezes por dia) no colesterol (no estadiamento puberal avançado). Hábitos deletérios como o consumo de açúcar ou refrigerantes ou sucos industrializados maior ou igual a 3 colheres de sobremesa ou 2 vezes ao dia ou 5 vezes na semana foram associados a piora do LDL, da glicemia (no estadiamento puberal inicial), do colesterol (em ambos estadiamentos) e da pressão arterial (no estadiamento puberal avançado), assim como despender 2 ou mais horas por dia em atividades sedentárias da glicemia (no estadiamento puberal inicial). A escolaridade materna fundamental associou se a glicemias superiores (no estadiamento puberal inicial) e a renda per capita intermediária à redução do LDL e do colesterol (no estadiamento puberal avançado). A omissão do almoço e do desjejum ocasionaram aumentos no IMC e %GC, e no LDL, respectivamente. E almoçar fora de casa (no estadiamento puberal inicial) e o consumo de frituras maior ou igual a 5 vezes por semana (no estadiamento puberal avançado) a níveis pressóricos mais altos. O sexo se associou à glicemia, colesterol e pressão arterial, somente no estadiamento puberal avançado, sendo desfavorável para o sexo masculino, nos desfechos glicemia (exceto filhos de mães com escolaridade igual ou superior ao 1º ano do ensino médio e, principalmente, nos mais sedentários e nos consumidores de suco industrializado em frequências iguais ou superiores a cinco vezes na semana) e pressão arterial; e para o sexo feminino no colesterol (exceto nas que consumiam frutas duas a três vezes por dia). Conclusão: O consumo de feijão despontou como hábito alimentar relevante para a saúde dos adolescentes, podendo este ser considerado uma "proxy" de alimentação saudável, ao passo que hábitos característicos de dietas e estilo de vida não saudáveis impactaram negativamente, mostraram-se sexualmente assimétricos e se intensificaram com o tempo, indicando que a prevenção deve ocorrer ainda nas idades iniciais da adolescência e deve considerar as diferenças inerentes ao sexo.

Investigating the association of individuals' sex, sociodemographic, maturational, dietary and lifestyle variables with clinical and nutritional outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 232 adolescents in the age group 12-19 years, who participated in the Camelia project that was carried out by Fluminense Federal University, in Niterói County, Rio de Janeiro State, in 2006 and 2007. Participants were subjected to questionnaire application, medical consultation, blood pressure measurement, blood and urine sample collection, as well as to anthropometric, maturational and nutritional assessment. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association of individuals' sex, sociodemographic variables, eating habits and lifestyle with the following outcomes: Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat % (BF%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure, based on pubertal stage. Results: Healthy habits, such as intake of beans equal to, or higher than, five times a week, had positive impact on BMI, BF%, LDL, as well as on cholesterol and glucose levels (up to 2 times a day) (both at initial pubertal stage); whereas fruits (two to three times a day) and vegetables' (three, or more, times a day) intake had positive impact on cholesterol levels (at advanced pubertal stage). Deleterious habits such as the intake of sugar, soft drinks or industrialized juices, at amounts higher than, or equal to, 3 dessert spoons or 2 times a day or 5 times a week were associated with worsened LDL, blood glucose (at initial pubertal stage), cholesterol (at both pubertal stages) and blood pressure (at advanced pubertal stage), as well as spending 2, or more, hours a day in sedentary activities was associated with worsened blood glucose (at initial pubertal stage). Primary maternal schooling was associated with higher blood glucose levels (at initial pubertal stage) and intermediate income per capita was associated with reduced LDL and cholesterol levels (at advanced pubertal stage). Skipping lunch and breakfast led to increased BMI and BF%, as well as to increased LDL, respectively. Having lunch out (at initial pubertal stage) and fried food intake higher than, or equal to, 5 times a week (at advanced pubertal stage) were associated with increased blood pressure. Sex was only associated with blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure at advanced pubertal stage; male participants recorded unfavorable blood glucose (except for children from mothers with schooling equal to, or higher than, the 1st year of high school; and mainly in the most sedentary individuals and in those who consumed industrialized juice at frequency equal to, or higher than, five times a week) and blood pressure outcomes; whereas female participants recorded unfavorable cholesterol outcome (except for those who consumed fruit two to three times a day). Conclusion: The intake of beans has emerged as relevant food habit for adolescents' health; thus, it can be considered a "proxy" of healthy eating, whereas habits typical of unhealthy diets and lifestyles had negative impact on participants' health. These habits were sexually asymmetrical and got worse overtime, which indicated the need of taking preventive measures in early adolescence to avoid the development of such habits by taking into account differences inherent to sex.

Evaluation of reduction of external load of total phosphorus and total suspended solids for rehabilitation of urban lakes.

Urban lakes provide important services to cities, but they suffer from en-vironmental problems, mainly resulting from degradation of the watershed. Rehabilitation of degraded lakes is based on the recovery of water quality and reduction of external pollution, the latter usually taking priority. The Lagoa da Pampulha (LP) is an artificial lake located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais - Brazil, that has suffered eutrophication and silting for decades and has been undergoing rehabilitation for some years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of sanitary, environmental and urban improvements implemented in the LP watershed. For this purpose, total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solid (TSS) loads transported to LP, between 2016 and 2017, obtained from hydrological and water quality monitoring data, were estimated. Additionally, simulations were carried out using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to evaluate TP and TSS loads in hypothetical scenarios. The conservative scenario proposed a reduction of 50 % in sanitary sewage discharge to water courses and an increase of 30 % and 10 % in the urban area and non-vegetated soil, respectively, in the watershed. In an op-timistic scenario, a reduction of 95 % in sewage discharge and a reduction of 50 % in non-vegetated soils was proposed. According to the results obtained, between October 2016 and September 2017, about 38 tons of TP and 3000 tons of TSS were transported into LP. The results of the SWMM simulations indicated high loads entering the lake, ranging from about 23,000 to 13,000 ton/year for TP and from 3200 to 2400 ton/year for TSS, in actual and optimistic scenario respectively. Despite presenting significant reductions, of up to 60 % for TP and 25 % for TSS, the loads transported to LP remained high even in the most optimistic scenario, indicating that implementation of the evaluated improvements only not sufficient to guarantee rehabilitation of the lake, and must be associated with other measures.

Antibiofilm activity of laser ablation with indocyanine green activated by different power laser parameters compared with photodynamic therapy on root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is used as an adjunct to endodontic treatment to enhance microbial reduction in the root canal system. However, studies evaluating the impact of laser ablation with Indocyanine Green (ICG) are scarce. Thus, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of laser ablation with ICG using different laser parameters compared with aPDT using photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) and curcumin (CUR) on the reduction of E. faecalis biofilms on root canals. METHODS: Forty-nine human premolars were used after biomechanical instrumentation for standardization. The root canals were contaminated with E. faecalis for 10 days to form biofilms, and divided into 7 groups (n = 7): 0.01% MB activated by red laser - MB+RL; 0.05% CUR activated by blue LED - CUR+BL; 0.05% ICG activated by infrared diode laser (2.5 W power, 30 ms interval, and 30 ms duration) - ICG+DL 2.5/30/30; 0.05% ICG activated by infrared diode laser (2.5 W power, 300 ms interval, and 100 ms duration) - ICG+DL 2.5/300/100; 0.05% ICG activated by infrared diode laser (3 W power, 300 ms interval, and 100 ms duration) - ICG+DL 3/300/100; sterile saline solution (negative control) - NC; and 2.5% NaOCl (positive control) - PC. Root canal sampling was performed prior to and immediately after the different treatment protocols. Data were submitted to One- and Two-Way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test or Fisher LSD's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: All aPDT protocols promoted significant CFU reductions compared with the NC; the highest CFU reduction was observed for PC (p < 0.05). Among the protocols the highest CFU reduction was promoted by laser ablation with ICG+DL 3/300/100 (p < 0.05) except compared with aPDT using CUR+BL (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Laser ablation protocol using ICG+DL proved to be efficient in reducing E. faecalis biofilms, especially when activated at 3/300/100 configuration.

Liechtenstein versus correção de hérnia laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal (tapp): um estudo comparativo prospectivo com foco nos resultados pós-operatórios em uma unidade de cirurgia geral / Liechtenstein versus laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (tapp) hernia repair: a prospective comparative study focused on postoperative outcomes in a general surgery unit

RESUMO - RACIONAL: Três técnicas cirúrgicas para correção de hérnia inguinal estão atualmente validadas. Poucos estudos compararam os resultados entre Lichtenstein e a abordagem laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal obtidos em uma etapa inicial da curva de aprendizado. OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados iniciais do tratamento entre a técnica de Liechtenstein e a abordagem pré-peritoneal transabdominal laparoscópica para fornecer uma base para a tomada de decisão do cirurgião. MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo 1: aborgadem laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal (114 pacientes), e grupo 2: reparo aberto de Lichtenstein (35 pacientes). Os dados foram coletados em prontuários médicos durante a evolução do pós-operatório imediato e por contato telefônico após a alta hospitalar. Para a análise das variáveis, foi implementado o teste de independência Qui-Quadrado, com nível de significância estabelecido em p-valor = 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve forte associação entre laparoscopia, menos dor pós-operatória e maior tempo operatório. Além disso, notou-se preferência pela técnica nos casos de recorrência, bilateralidade, hérnia umbilical associada ou obesidade. Neste estudo, a técnica de Lichtenstein foi associada a um menor tempo de retorno ao trabalho e foi o tratamento de escolha para pacientes idosos. CONCLUSÃO: A herniorrafia laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal deve ser a primeira escolha em casos de bilateralidade, hérnia umbilical associada, obesidade e recorrência para reparo anterior. O risco cirúrgico é adequado para o procedimento, mesmo nos estágios iniciais da curva de aprendizado.

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Three surgical techniques for inguinal hernia repair are currently validated. Few studies have compared results among Lichtenstein and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic approach obtained at an early step of the learning curve. AIM: This study aims to compare the early treatment results between the Liechtenstein technique and the laparoscopic TAPP approach to provide a basis for the surgeon's decision-making. METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent laparoscopic TAPP approach (114 patients), and those who underwent open Lichtenstein repair (35 patients). Data were collected from the medical records during the evolution of the immediate postoperative period and by telephone contact after hospital discharge. For the analysis of the variables, the chi-square test of independence was implemented, with a level of significance set at a p-value of 0.05. RESULTS: There was a strong association between laparoscopy, less postoperative pain, and longer operative time. In addition, a preference for the technique in cases of recurrence, bilaterality, associated umbilical hernia, or obesity was noticed. In this study, the Lichtenstein technique was associated with a shorter time to return to work and was the treatment of choice for elderly patients. CONCLUSION: TAPP laparoscopic herniorrhaphy should be the first choice in cases of bilaterality, associated umbilical hernia, obesity, and recurrence to a previous anterior repair. The surgical risk is adequate for the procedure, even at early stages of the learning curve.

An association between successful engraftment of osteosarcoma patient-derived xenografts and clinicopathological findings.

Although osteosarcoma is a rare disease, with a global incidence rate estimated at 5.0/million/year, it is the most frequent primary bone sarcoma in children and adolescents. In translational research, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is considered an authentic in vivo model for several types of cancer, as tumorgrafts faithfully retain the biological characteristics of the primary tumors. Our goal was to investigate the association between PDX formation and clinical findings of osteosarcoma patients and the ability of the model to preserve in immunocompromized mice the characteristics of the parental tumor. A fresh sample of the patient tumor obtained from a representative biopsy or from surgical resection was implanted into nude mice. When tumor outgrowths reached ~1,500mm³, fresh PDX fragments were re-transplanted into new hosts. Engraftment in mice was obtained after a latency period of 19-225 days (median 92 days) in 40.54% of the implanted samples. We confirmed the histopathological fidelity between the patient tumor and their respective established PDXs, including the expression of biomarkers. PDX take rate was higher in surgical resection samples, in post-chemotherapy surgical samples and in samples from patients with metastatic disease at presentation. In conclusion, we have shown that the osteosarcoma PDX model reliably recapitulates the morphological aspects of the human disease after serial passage in mice. The observation that more aggressive forms of osteosarcoma, including those with metastatic disease at presentation, have a higher efficiency to generate PDXs provides a promising scenario to address several unanswered issues in clinical oncology.

Conhecimento e prevalência de trauma e adaptação ao uso de protetor bucal em uma população de atletas brasileiros / Knowledge and prevalence of trauma and adaptation to the use of mouthguards in a population of Brazilian athletes

Esportes de contato podem levar a traumatismos dentários, que muitas vezes podem ser reduzidos com medidas preventivas apropriadas, como o uso de protetores bucais. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o conhecimento dos atletas da delegação esportiva da cidade de XXXXX sobre traumatismo dentário, a prevalência e o tipo de traumatismos ocorridos durante suas atividades esportivas, a conscientização e hábitos de utilização dos dispositivos de proteção e por fim, avaliação do impacto das ações educativas e preventivas implementadas nessa comunidade. O estudo foi dividido em quatro partes: 1) Aplicação do questionário 1 (n= 94); 2) Atendimento dos atletas e confecção dos protetores bucais personalizados; 3) Palestra e entrega dos protetores e 4) Aplicação do questionário 2 (n= 41). Após responderem o questionário 1, os atletas incluídos no estudo foram moldados para fabricação dos protetores bucais. As palestras sobre trauma dentário e primeiros socorros, aconteceram com a entrega dos protetores bucais personalizados. O questionário 2 foi aplicado para avaliar o efeito da medida educacional e a adaptação aos protetores bucais. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e ao teste do qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. O conhecimento sobre trauma, demonstrado pelos participantes foi inadequado. A prevalência de trauma foi maior no gênero masculino (49%) e o trauma mais relatado foi a fratura dentária (12,8%) (p>0,05). 76,6% dos atletas disseram nunca ter utilizado protetor bucal anteriormente. Após as palestras, os participantes mostraram uma melhora significativa no conhecimento sobre trauma e 73,2% dos atletas disseram estar utilizando o dispositivo de proteção personalizado. Esses resultados evidenciam a importância dos trabalhos educacionais e confirmam o impacto positivo dos trabalhos realizados nessa comunidade de atletas(AU)

Contact sports can lead to dental trauma, which can often be reduced with appropriate preventive measures, such as the use of mouthguards. The objectives of this study were to verify the knowledge of athletes from the sports delegation in the city of XXXXX about dental trauma, the prevalence and type of trauma that occurred during their sports activities, awareness and habits of using protective devices and, finally, assessment of impact of educational and preventive actions implemented in this community. T he study was divided into four parts: 1) Application of questionnaire 1 (n = 94); 2) Attending athletes and making personalized mouthguards; 3) Lecture and delivery of protectors and 4) Application of questionnaire 2 (n = 41). After answering questionnaire 1, the athletes included in the study were molded to manufacture mouthguards. The lectures on dental trauma and first aid took place with the delivery of personalized mouth guards. Questionnaire 2 was applied to assess the effect of the educational measur e and the adaptation to mouthguards. The collected data were submitted to descriptive analysis and chisquare test, with a 5% significance level. The knowledge about trauma, demonstrated by the participants, was inadequate. The prevalence of trauma was hig her in males (49%) and the most reported trauma was dental fracture (12.8%) (p> 0.05). 76.6% of athletes said they had never used mouthguards before. After the lectures, the participants showed a significant improvement in knowledge about trauma and 73.2% of the athletes said they were using the personalized protection device. These results highlight the importance of educational work and confirm the positive impact of the work carried out in this community of athletes(AU)

Comparison of the effects of low-level laser and pulsed and continuous ultrasound on pain and physical disability in chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term effects of pulsed laser and pulsed and continuous ultrasound on pain and functional disability in women with chronic non-specific low back pain. METHODS: The sample was composed of 100 volunteers randomly allocated into four groups: The Pulsed Laser Group (n = 26) was treated with 3 J/cm2; the Pulsed Ultrasound Group (n = 24; 3 MHz) was treated with 1 W/cm2; the Continuous Ultrasound Group (n = 26; 1 MHz) was treated with 1 W/cm2; and a Control Group (n = 24), where the patients were still waiting for treatment. Before and after 10 sessions of treatment, the intensity of pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the quality of pain was evaluated using the McGill pain questionnaire and functional disability was investigated using the Roland-Morris questionnaire. RESULTS: The three treated groups exhibited a decrease in pain (p < 0.001); the Pulsed Laser Group showed the greater relative gain (91.2%), Meanwhile, the Control Group exhibited a worsening of - 5.8%. The three treated groups demonstrated improvement in the quality of pain (McGill) in the total, sensory and affective dimensions (p < 0.005; p < 0.002; p < 0.013, respectively). All treated groups showed a decrease in functional disability (p < 0.001), but the Pulsed Ultrasound Group showed the highest relative gain (83.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The three modalities have significant effects to decreasing low back pain and improving functional disability in women with non-specific chronic low back pain, but the pulsed low-level laser had the best results on pain while the pulsed ultrasound had the best results on improve the functional disability. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02150096.

População em situação de rua, mundo do trabalho e os centros de referência especializados para população em situação de rua (centro pop): perspectivas acerca das ações para inclusão produtiva / Homeless, the world of work and the specialized reference centers for population in street situation (centro pop): perspectives on actions for productive inclusion

Resumo Introdução O desemprego figura entre os fatores que contribuem para a situação de rua e as ações para inclusão produtiva são preconizadas como estratégicas para ampliação da autonomia, participação social e superação dessa situação. Objetivo Identificar ações de inclusão produtiva realizadas por Centros Pop (Centros de Referência Especializado para População em Situação de Rua) do estado de São Paulo e a visão dos coordenadores desses equipamentos acerca dessa dimensão do trabalho com a população em situação de rua. Método Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio de aplicação de protocolo de identificação pessoal e profissional, identificação dos equipamentos e de um questionário semiestruturado com coordenadores de 13 Centros Pop do estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e para as questões abertas utilizamos Análise Temática. Resultados A inclusão produtiva foi associada à superação da situação de rua ao acesso ao mercado de trabalho, à renda e ao pertencimento social. Destacou-se a função dos Centros Pop na oferta de informações, encaminhamentos e na articulação intersetorial que ocorre, especialmente, para capacitação/qualificação profissional, além de desafios, como preconceito, baixa qualificação e escolaridade e o uso de substâncias psicoativas. Conclusão São necessárias ações coletivas e intersetoriais que reconheçam o acesso ao trabalho como direito, alinhado aos desejos, necessidades e singularidades das pessoas em situação de rua, na qual a inclusão produtiva, por meio da articulação entre diferentes políticas e serviços, possa contribuir para a diminuição da vulnerabilidade e criação de autonomia. Nesse cenário, os Centros Pop podem assumir importante papel.

Abstract Introduction Unemployment is one of the factors that contribute to homelessness and the actions for productive inclusion is recommended as strategic to increase autonomy, social participation and overcoming this situation. Objective To identify productive inclusion actions carried out by Centros Pop (Centers of Specialized Reference for Population in Street Situation) of the state of São Paulo and the view of the coordinators of this equipment about this dimension of the work with the homeless people. Method This is qualitative research, carried out through the application of a protocol of personal and professional identification and identification of equipment and a semi-structured questionnaire with coordinators of 13 Centros Pop in the state of São Paulo. The data were analyzed descriptively and for the open questions, the thematic analysis was used. Results The productive inclusion was associated with the overcoming of the street situation to access to the labor market and income and to social belonging. The role of the Centro Pop in the provision of information, referrals, and intersectoral articulation, especially for professional qualification and training, as well as challenges such as prejudice, low qualification and schooling, and the use of psychoactive substances were highlighted. Conclusion Collective and intersectoral actions are needed that recognize access to work as a right, in line with the desires, needs, and singularities of street people, where productive inclusion, through the articulation between different policies and services, can contribute to the vulnerability reduction and creation of autonomy. In this scenario, Centros Pop can play an important role

O Uso de Métodos de Avaliação do Estado Nutricional e Cálculo de Necessidade Energética por Nutricionistas em Dois Hospitais Públicos do Rio de Janeiro / The Use of Nutritional Status Evaluation and Energy Needs Calculation Methods by Nutritionists in Two Public Hospitals of Rio de Janeiro

Introdução: O estado nutricional e a avaliação do gasto metabólico têm impacto significativo na evolução clínica dos pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar quais métodos de avaliação do estado nutricional e o cálculo da necessidade energética têm sido eleitos na prática clínica de nutricionistas, conhecendo os motivos que influenciaram suas escolhas. Metodologia: Aplicou- -se um questionário semiestruturado, com perguntas quanti e qualitativas, por meio do autopreenchimento. Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados era do gênero feminino, formados em instituições públicas, com formação complementar. O principal local de atuação foi a internação e o único equipamento comum a todos foi a balança. Os métodos escolhidos por 100% dos profissionais foram o IMC e o método Kcal/Kg de peso. Conclusão: Apesar do conhecimento teórico-prático de diferentes métodos de avaliação nutricional e do cálculo da necessidade energética houve preferência pelos de maior facilidade e praticidade, havendo pouco reconhecimento de suas limitações. Entre os motivos para tais escolhas destacam-se a falta de equipamentos e o número de profissionais por enfermaria. (AU)

Introduction: Nutritional status and the evaluation of metabolic expenditure have a significant impact on the clinical evolution of patients. Objective: To identify which nutritional status and energy need assessment methods have been chosen in the clinical practice of nutritionists, knowing the possible reasons that influenced their choices. Methodology: For the study, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed, with quanti and qualitative questions and the data was collected through self-completion. Results: Most of the interviewees were female, graduated in public institutions and all of them had made complementary studies. The main place of work of the professionals was the hospitalization and the only equipment present common to all nutritionists was the scale. The chosen methods by 100% were the BMI and the Kcal/Kg body weight method. Conclusion: Despite the theoretical and practical knowledge of different methods of nutritional assessment and calculation of the energy requirement, there was a preference for the easiest and most practical methods, with little recognition of their limitations. Other reasons include the lack of equipment and the number of professionals per ward. (AU)

Comparison of the effects of low-level laser and pulsed and continuous ultrasound on pain and physical disability in chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract Objective: To compare the short-term effects of pulsed laser and pulsed and continuous ultrasound on pain and functional disability in women with chronic non-specific low back pain. Methods: The sample was composed of 100 volunteers randomly allocated into four groups: The Pulsed Laser Group (n = 26) was treated with 3 J/cm2; the Pulsed Ultrasound Group (n = 24; 3 MHz) was treated with 1 W/cm2; the Continuous Ultrasound Group (n = 26; 1 MHz) was treated with 1 W/cm2; and a Control Group (n = 24), where the patients were still waiting for treatment. Before and after 10 sessions of treatment, the intensity of pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the quality of pain was evaluated using the McGill pain questionnaire and functional disability was investigated using the Roland-Morris questionnaire. Results: The three treated groups exhibited a decrease in pain (p < 0.001); the Pulsed Laser Group showed the greater relative gain (91.2%), Meanwhile, the Control Group exhibited a worsening of - 5.8%. The three treated groups demonstrated improvement in the quality of pain (McGill) in the total, sensory and affective dimensions (p < 0.005; p < 0.002; p < 0.013, respectively). All treated groups showed a decrease in functional disability (p < 0.001), but the Pulsed Ultrasound Group showed the highest relative gain (83.3%). Conclusions: The three modalities have significant effects to decreasing low back pain and improving functional disability in women with non-specific chronic low back pain, but the pulsed low-level laser had the best results on pain while the pulsed ultrasound had the best results on improve the functional disability. Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02150096.

Hemotropic mycoplasmas in naturally infected cats in Northeastern Brazil / Micoplasmas hemotróficos em gatos naturalmente infectados no Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract This study aimed to determine the prevalence, factors associated, laboratory findings (with and without coinfection by retroviruses) among naturally infected cats by hemoplasmas in northeastern Brazil. For convenience, 200 domesticated and healthy cats were selected. Blood samples were taken to perform complete blood counts, serum biochemical, immunochromatography tests and nPCR for FIV and FeLV, and PCR for hemoplasma recognition. An interview was conducted to determine the factors associated with hemoplasmas. A total of 71/200 (35.5%) cats were positive for at least one hemoplasma species. Isolated infections were observed in 12,5% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 12% for Mycoplasma haemofelis and 3% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Regarding copositivity, 2% of the animals were positive for M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 1.5% for M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis', and 4.5% for ' Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. No clinical and laboratory changes were observed in the animals that were concomitantly positive for retroviruses and hemoplasmas. Periurban region cats were more likely to be infected by M. haemofelis, while contact with other cats and infection by ' Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' were associated with 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum'. This study indicates that infection by hemoplasmas is a common find in cats from northeastern Brazil.

Resumo Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a prevalência, fatores associados, achados laboratoriais (com e sem coinfecção com retrovírus) em gatos naturalmente infectados por hemoplasmas no Nordeste do Brasil. Selecionou-se, por conveniência, 200 gatos domiciliados, hígidos, sendo colhidas amostras de sangue para realização do hemograma, bioquímica sérica, imunocromatografia e nested-PCR para FIV e FeLV, e PCR para identificação dos hemoplasmas. Uma entrevista foi realizada para determinação dos fatores associados aos hemoplasmas. A frequência de positividade foi de 35,5% (71/200). Infecções isoladas foram observadas em 12,5% dos animais para 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 12% para Mycoplasma haemofelis e 3% para 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Quanto a co-positividades, 2% dos animais foram positivos para M. haemofelis e 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 1,5% foram positivos para M. haemofelis e 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis', e 4,5% foram positivos para 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' e 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Não foram observadas alterações clínicas ou laboratoriais nos animais positivos para retrovírus e hemoplasmas, concomitantemente. A região periurbana foi identificada como fator de risco associado a M. haemofelis. Enquanto o contato com outros gatos e a infecção por 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' foi associado à 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum'. Este estudo indica que a presença dos agentes da micoplasmose hemotrópica felina é comum no Nordeste brasileiro.

Hemotropic mycoplasmas in naturally infected cats in Northeastern Brazil.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence, factors associated, laboratory findings (with and without coinfection by retroviruses) among naturally infected cats by hemoplasmas in northeastern Brazil. For convenience, 200 domesticated and healthy cats were selected. Blood samples were taken to perform complete blood counts, serum biochemical, immunochromatography tests and nPCR for FIV and FeLV, and PCR for hemoplasma recognition. An interview was conducted to determine the factors associated with hemoplasmas. A total of 71/200 (35.5%) cats were positive for at least one hemoplasma species. Isolated infections were observed in 12,5% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 12% for Mycoplasma haemofelis and 3% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Regarding copositivity, 2% of the animals were positive for M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 1.5% for M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis', and 4.5% for ' Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. No clinical and laboratory changes were observed in the animals that were concomitantly positive for retroviruses and hemoplasmas. Periurban region cats were more likely to be infected by M. haemofelis, while contact with other cats and infection by ' Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' were associated with 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum'. This study indicates that infection by hemoplasmas is a common find in cats from northeastern Brazil.

Ciências do consumo alimentar: nutrição e envelhecimento

Programa apresentado pela professora Ana Paula Vaz Fernandes, docente da Universidade Aberta, sobre nutrição e o envelhecimento saudável. Referência Videográfica: Fernandes, Ana Paula - Ciências do consumo alimentar [Em linha] : nutrição e envelhecimento. Realização de Ana Paula Antunes, Vanda Caxeiro; Tecnóloga Ana Paula Antunes. Lisboa : Universidade Aberta. DCeT, [2008]. 1 prog. vídeo (26 min., 38 seg.)

Ectopic forms of schistosomiasis mansoni in the second macroregion of Alagoas: case series report and review of the literature

Abstract INTRODUCTION Ectopic forms of schistosomiasis are those in which the parasitic element is localized outside the portal system, the natural habitat of the helminth. Although the prevalence rates of schistosomiasis are high in Brazil, clinical and epidemiological data on ectopic forms of the disease are still scarce. METHODS Cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study in which cases with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of an ectopic form of schistosomiasis were analyzed. The cases were selected from a database of the anatomic pathology files of a referral center. RESULTS Of the 21 cases identified, seven affected the female genital tract and five the male genital tract; four cases were identified in the peritoneum; two cases involved lymph nodes and two involved adipose tissue; and renal involvement was detected in one case. CONCLUSIONS The lack of knowledge of the clinical presentation of ectopic forms of schistosomiasis makes the early identification and treatment of this form difficult, with direct implications in the reduction of morbidity and mortality in endemic areas.

Toxoplasmosis in cats in northeastern Brazil: Frequency, associated factors and coinfection with Neospora caninum, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the factors associated with infection by Toxoplasma gondii and demonstrate occurrences of coinfection with Neospora caninum, the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in cats in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A total of 231 blood samples were collected from 201 owned cats and 30 stray cats. Serological investigations on T. gondii and N. caninum were performed using the indirect fluorescent antibody test with cutoff points of 1:64 and 1:50, respectively. To diagnose FIV and FeLV, a commercial immunochromatographic kit and a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to assess the factors associated with infection by T. gondii among owned cats. The seropositivity for T. gondii among the owned cats and stray cats was 44.3% (89/201) and 53.3% (16/30), respectively. For N. caninum, the seropositivity among owned cats was 21.4% (43/201) and among stray cats, 23.3% (7/30). The copositivity between the two coccidia were 23.6% (21/201) and 37.5% (6/30), among owned and stray cats respectively. The periurban environment was a risk factor for infection by T. gondii, while infection by FIV was associated with infection by T. gondii (p<0.05) among owned cats. No association was found between T. gondii and FeLV, or between N. caninum and the retroviruses. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the cats of the present study were exposed to the agents T. gondii and N. caninum, which suggests that significant infection of intermediate hosts and or environmental contamination with oocysts was present, and that the cats coinfected with T. gondii and the retroviruses did not present any serological signs of reactivation of infection.