Phytol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Novel Anticandidal Nanobiotechnological Approach.

Phytol is a diterpene alcohol and can be found as a product of the metabolism of chlorophyll in plants. This compound has been explored as a potential antimicrobial agent, but it is insoluble in water. In this study, we describe a novel approach for an interesting anticandidal drug delivery system containing phytol. Different formulations of phytol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were designed and tested using a natural lipid, 1,3-distearyl-2-oleyl-glycerol (TG1). Different compositions were considered to obtain three formulations with 1:10, 1:5, and 1:3 w/w phytol/TG1 ratios. All the formulations were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation method and had their physicochemical properties assessed. The biocompatibility assay was performed in the HEK-293 cell line and the antifungal efficacy was demonstrated in different strains of Candida ssp., including different clinical isolates. Spherical and uniform SLN (<300 nm, PdI < 0.2) with phytol-loading efficiency >65% were achieved. Phytol-loaded SLN showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in the HEK-293 cell line. The three tested formulations of phytol-loaded SLN considerably enhanced the minimal inhibitory concentration of phytol against 15 strains of Candida spp. Considering the clinical isolates, the formulations containing the highest phytol/TG1 ratios showed MICs at 100%. Thus, the feasibility and potential of phytol-loaded SLN was demonstrated in vitro, being a promising nanocarrier for phytol delivery from an anticandidal approach.

Correlacão entre a classificacão clínica TNM e as características histológicas de malignidade do carcinoma epidermóide oral / Correlation between TNM classification and malignancy histological feature of oral squamous cell carcinoma

A gradacão histológica das margens mais profundas do carcinoma epidermóide oral influencia diretamente na sobrevida do paciente, já que células neoplásicas nesse local mostram-se indiferenciadas e de grande valor prognóstico. OBJETIVO: A proposta desse estudo é correlacionar a classificacão clínica TNM com as características histopatológicas (grau de queratinizacão, pleomorfismo nuclear, padrão de invasão e infiltrado linfoplasmocitário) e os escores histológicos de malignidade de 38 casos de carcinoma epidermóide oral nas áreas mais profundas da lesão. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo clínico retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: O estudo foi baseado em uma revisão retrospectiva incluindo a observacão histológica de 38 casos de carcinoma epidermóide oral dos arquivos do Hospital Dr. Luis Antônio, Natal-RN, Brasil. Com a análise dos prontuários médicos, foram obtidos os dados referentes à classificacão clínica TNM. A gradacão histológica de malignidade foi realizada na área invasiva do tumor por dois patologistas em seccões histológicas de 3 æm de espessura coradas pela hematoxilina e eosina. Para as análises estatísticas foram aplicados os testes paramétricos (ANOVA) e não-paramétricos (Tukey; Pearson; Quiy). RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada correlacão estatisticamente significante do estadiamento clínico TNM com os escores histológicos de malignidade (p= 0,001) e com os parâmetros histológicos isolados tais como: pleomorfismo nuclear (p= 0,016) e grau de queratinizacão (p= 0,025). Além disso, houve também uma correlacão estatisticamente significante entre infiltrado linfoplasmocitário (p= 0,016) e pleomorfismo nuclear (p= 0,004) com a classificacão clínica TNM quando agrupada em duas séries: TNM-I/II e III/IV. CONCLUSÕES: A classificacão clínica TNM teve uma correlacão estatisticamente significante com grau de queratinizacão, pleomorfismo nuclear e infiltrado linfoplasmocitário, assim como com os escores médios de malignidade. Esses resultados altamente significantes indicam que as áreas invasivas podem ser primariamente responsáveis pelo comportamento clinico do tumor e isso pode ser imprescindível para a escolha da terapia para o carcinoma epidermóide oral.

Correlation between TNM classification and malignancy histological feature of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: Histological staging of deep invasive margin of oral squamous cell carcinoma has a significant influence on survival of patients since the tumor cells are more poorly differentiated in this area and have high prognostic value. AIM: The purpose of the present study is to correlate TNM clinical classification with histopathologic characteristics (degree of keratinization, nuclear pleomorphism, invasion pattern and lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate) and histologic malignancy scores in 38 cases of oral epidermoid carcinoma in the lesion's deepest areas. STUDY FORM: Retrospective clinical study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a retrospective study based on histological review of 38 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma selected from the medical files of Hospital Dr. Luis Antonio, Natal--Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. TNM clinical classification data were obtained from the analysis of the medical records. Two pathologists performed histological malignancy staging on routine 3 microm-thick sections of invasive tumor areas stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For statistical analysis, parametric (ANOVA) and non-parametric tests (Tukey; Pearson; Chi2) were employed. RESULTS: We found significant correlation between TNM clinical staging and malignancy mean score (p= 0.001) and histopathologic parameters, such as nuclear pleomorphism (p= 0.016) and degree of keratinization (p= 0.025). Furthermore, there were also statistically significant correlations between lymphocytic infiltration (p= 0.016) and nuclear pleomorphism (p= 0.004) with TNM classification when grouped in two series: TNM I/II and III/IV. CONCLUSION: TNM classification, as well as malignancy mean score, had statistically significant correlation with degree of keratinization, nuclear pleomorphism and lymphocytic infiltration. These highly significant results indicated that histologically invasive areas may be primarily responsible for the clinical behavior of the tumor, and this may be important for the therapy of choice for oral squamous cell carcinoma.