Polyamino-Isoprenyl Derivatives as Antibiotic Adjuvants and Motility Inhibitors for Bordetella bronchiseptica Porcine Pulmonary Infection Treatment.

The spreading of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the lack of novel antibiotic molecules leave clinicians and veterinarians with very limited options to treat bacterial infections, especially those caused by Gram-negative pathogens. To reduce the selection of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and their transfer to human pathogens, veterinary pharmaceutical companies have dramatically decreased the number of antibiotics used. Among all the investigated alternate solutions, chemosensitizers, which decrease the amount of the used drugs, appear to be one of the most promising strategies. In this study, we reported that polyamino-isoprenyl derivatives can potentiate florfenicol activity against veterinary sensitive reference strains as well as clinical isolates. These molecules induce inner membrane depolarization and subsequently inhibit efflux pumps by collapsing the proton-motive force (PMF). Considering that Bordetella bronchiseptica rotor flagellum is highly PMF dependent and that flagellar motility represents an important factor involved in colonization, we monitored the swimming and swarming motilities of bacteria and showed a strong inhibition in the presence of the lead selected compound. Taken together, our results suggest that this class of molecules are able to increase treatment efficacy and decrease drug consumption.

Claramines: A New Class Of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents With Bimodal Activity.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and pathogens has created an urgent need for the development of new antibiotics. Herein we report our investigations into the broad-spectrum activity of an easily prepared water-soluble polyaminosterol compound, namely claramine A1, against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. We also report its peculiar mechanism of action, which differs from that of all the other well-known classes of antibiotics, toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Given their low cytotoxicity, this class of compounds based on claramine A1 could constitute an effective response to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and nosocomial diseases.

Motuporamine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents and Antibiotic Enhancers against Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Dihydromotuporamine C and its derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities and antibiotic enhancement properties against Gram-negative bacteria and clinical isolates. The mechanism of action of one of these derivatives, MOTU-N44, was investigated against Enterobacter aerogenes by using fluorescent dyes to evaluate outer-membrane depolarization and permeabilization. Its efficiency correlated with inhibition of dye transport, thus suggesting that these molecules inhibit drug transporters by de-energization of the efflux pump rather than by direct interaction of the molecule with the pump. This suggests that depowering the efflux pump provides another strategy to address antibiotic resistance.

Polyamine derivatives: a revival of an old neglected scaffold to fight resistant Gram-negative bacteria?

Emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens was responsible for microbial infections and inefficacy of numerous antimicrobial therapies has induced a need for the research of new classes of antibiotics. In this review, we will focus our interest toward the biological properties of polyamino antimicrobial agents.

Polyamino-Isoprenic Derivatives Block Intrinsic Resistance of P. aeruginosa to Doxycycline and Chloramphenicol In Vitro.

Multidrug resistant bacteria have been a worldwide concern for decades. Though new molecules that effectively target Gram-positive bacteria are currently appearing on the market, a gap remains in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, new strategies must be developed against these pathogens. The aim of this study was to select an antibiotic for which a bacterium is naturally resistant and to use an escort molecule to restore susceptibility, similarly to the model of ß-lactam/ ß-lactamase inhibitors. High-content screening was performed on the reference strain PA01, allowing the selection of four polyamino-isoprenic compounds that acted synergistically with doxycycline. They were assayed against clinical isolates and Multi-Drug-Resistant strains. One of these compounds was able to decrease the MIC of doxycycline on the reference strain, efflux pump overproducers and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, to the susceptibility level. Similar results were obtained using chloramphenicol as the antibiotic. Membrane permeation assays and real-time efflux experiments were used to characterize the mechanism of doxycycline potentiation. The results showed that the selected compound strongly decreases the efficiency of glucose-triggered efflux associated with a slight destabilization of the outer membrane. According to these data, targeting natural resistance may become an interesting way to combat MDR pathogens and could represent an alternative to already devised strategies.

New Ianthelliformisamine derivatives as antibiotic enhancers against resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

A series consisting of ianthelliformisamimes A, B, and C as well as its synthetic analogues was prepared in high chemical yield, from 27 to 91%, using peptide coupling as the key step, and the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibiotic enhancer properties against resistant Gram-negative bacteria and clinical isolates. The mechanism of action of one of these derivatives against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when combined with doxycycline was precisely evaluated utilizing bioluminescence to measure ATP efflux and fluorescence to evaluate membrane depolarization.