RESUMO
This study reported the design and synthesis of novel 1-amido-2-one-4-thio-deoxypyranose as inhibitors of potential drug target TRIP13 for developing new mechanism-based therapeutic agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). In comparison with the positive control DCZ0415, the most active compounds C16, C18, C20 and C32 exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity against human MM cell lines (ARP-1 and NCI-H929) with IC50 values of 1 â¼ 2 µM. While the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ATPase activity assays demonstrated that the representative compound C20 is a potent inhibitor of TRIP13, C20 also showed good antitumor activity in vivo on BALB/c nude mice xenografted with MM tumor cells. An initial structure-activity study showed that the carbonyl group is crucial for anticancer activity. Overall, this study provided novel 1-amido-2-one-4-thio-deoxypyranoses, which are entirely different from previously reported potent inhibitor structures of TRIP13, and thus would aid the development of carbohydrate-based novel agents in MM pharmacotherapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Proliferação de Células , Desenho de Fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Mieloma Múltiplo , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Animais , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Camundongos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , TanquirasesRESUMO
ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activity (AAA+ATPases) are important enzymatic functional proteins in human cells. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Interacting Protein-13 (TRIP13) is a member of this protein superfamily, that partly regulates DNA repair pathways and spindle assembly checkpoints during mitosis. TRIP13 is reported as an oncogene involving multiple pathways in many human malignancies, including multiple myeloma, brain tumors, etc. The structure of TRIP13 reveals the mechanisms for ATP binding and how TRIP13 recognizes the Mitotic Arrest Deficiency-2 (MAD2) protein, with p31comet acting as an adapter protein. DCZ0415, TI17, DCZ5417, and DCZ5418 are the reported small-molecule inhibitors of TRIP13, which have been demonstrated to inhibit TRIP13's biological functions significantly and effective in suppressing various types of malignant cells, indicating that TRIP13 is a significant anticancer drug target. Currently, no systematic reviews are cutting across the functions, structure, and novel inhibitors of TRIP13. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TRIP13's biological functions, its roles in eighteen different cancers, four small molecule inhibitors, different underlying molecular mechanisms, and its functionality as a potential anticancer drug target.
RESUMO
Epigenetic modifications play an important role in cellular senescence, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a key methyltransferase involved in epigenetic remodeling in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We have previously demonstrated that GSK126, a specific EZH2 inhibitor, exhibits anti-MM therapeutic efficacy and safety in vivo and in vitro; however, its specific mechanism remains unclear. This study shows that GSK126 induces cellular senescence in MM, which is characterized by the accumulation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and p21, and increased senescence-associated ß galactosidase activity. Furthermore, EZH2 is inhibited in ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2)-overexpressing OCI-MY5 and RPMI-8226 cells. RRM2 overexpression inhibits the methyltransferase function of EZH2 and promotes its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inducing cellular senescence. In this senescence model, Lamin B1, a key component of the nuclear envelope and a marker of senescence, does not decrease but instead undergoes aberrant accumulation. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) is significantly increased. The inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in turn partially restores Lamin B1 level and alleviates senescence. These findings suggest that EZH2 inhibition increases Lamin B1 level and induces senescence by promoting ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These data indicate that EZH2 plays an important role in MM cellular senescence and provide insights into the relationships among Lamin B1, p-ERK1/2, and cellular senescence.
Assuntos
Senescência Celular , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Mieloma Múltiplo , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste/metabolismo , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste/genética , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Senescência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Piridonas/farmacologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although treatment options have improved, a large proportion of patients show low survival rates, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the new small-molecule compound dihydrocelastrol (DHCE), acquired through the structural modification of celastrol (CE), in the treatment of DLBCL. DHCE showed potent anti-lymphoma efficacy and synergistic effects with doxorubicin. DHCE triggered DLBCL cell apoptosis and G0/G1-phase blockade, thereby hindering angiogenesis. DHCE inhibited B-cell receptor cascade signalling and Jun B and p65 nuclear translocation, thereby suppressing pro-tumourigenic signalling. Finally, DHCE exerted lower toxicity than CE, which showed severe hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicity in vivo. Our findings support further investigation of the clinical efficacy of DHCE against DLBCL.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos , Fator de Transcrição AP-1 , Humanos , Fator de Transcrição AP-1/metabolismo , Angiogênese , Transdução de Sinais , Apoptose , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de CélulasRESUMO
The radioresistance of glioma is an important cause of treatment failure and tumor aggressiveness. In the present study, under performed with linear accelerator, the effects of 0.3 and 3.0 Gy lowdose radiation (LDR) on the proliferation and migration of C6 glioma stem cells in vitro were examined by flow cytometric analysis, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. It was found that lowdose ionizing radiation (0.3 Gy) stimulated the proliferation and migration of these cells, while 3.0 Gy ionizing radiation inhibited the proliferation of C6 glioma stem cells, which was mediated through enhanced Wnt/ßcatenin signaling, which is associated with glioma tumor aggressiveness. LDR treatment increased the expression of the DNA damage marker γH2AX but promoted cell survival with a significant reduction in apoptotic and necrotic cells. When LDR cells were also treated with an inhibitor of Wnt receptor 1 (IWR1), cell proliferation and migration were significantly reduced. IWR1 treatment significantly inhibited Wnt1, Wnt3a and ßcatenin protein expression. Collectively, the current results demonstrated that IWR1 treatment effectively radiosensitizes glioma stem cells and helps to overcome the survival advantages promoted by LDR, which has significant implications for targeted treatment in radioresistant gliomas.