Variables de condición física predictivas de sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes universitarios de Cali, Colombia

Objetivo: Determinar las variables de condición física saludable predictoras de sintomatología depresiva en jóvenes universitarios. Método: Este estudio presenta un diseño observacional descriptivo de corte transversal con una fase multivariada, que utilizó el cuestionario autoadministrado BECK (BDI-2) con el objetivo de determinar sintomatología depresiva, en una muestra de 344 estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 39 años, matriculados en cuatro diferentes universidades de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia. La condición física relacionada con la salud se valoró a partir de la batería Alpha Fit Adultos; con los análisis correlacionales se construyó un modelo de regresión logística binario que pudiera establecer cuáles variables de condición física se asocian a una sintomatología depresiva en este tipo de población. Resultados: Correlaciones inversas y estadísticamente significativas fueron observadas entre el puntaje de depresión del inventario de Depresión de Beck-II, con los indicadores de condición física aeróbica r = -0,202, p=0,000; fuerza prensil media r =-0,113, p=0,036; salto alto r =-0,177, p=0,000; flexión de brazos r =-0,158, p=0,003; y test de figura en 8 r =-0,146, p=0,006). Universitarios con mayores niveles de sintomatología depresiva presentan un fenotipo de menor condición física, principalmente en el indicador de resistencia cardiorrespiratoria (ß=-0,059; p<0,004 Exp (B) 0,942). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio muestran que un fenotipo asociado a menor condición física cardiorrespiratoria se asocia con mayores niveles de sintomatología depresiva.

Objective: To determine healthy physical condition variables predictive of depressive symptomatology in young university students. Method: This study presents a cross-sectional descriptive observational design with a multivariate phase, which used the self-administered BECK questionnaire (BDI-2) to assess depressive symptomatology in a sample of 344 university students between 18 and 39 years of age, enrolled in four different universities in the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Health-related physical fitness was assessed from the Alpha Fit Adult battery; with the correlational analyses, a binary logistic regression model was constructed to determine which physical fitness variables are associated with depressive symptomatology in this type of population. Results: Inverse and statistically significant correlations were observed between the Beck Depression Inventory-II depression score with aerobic fitness indicator r =0,202, p=0,000; mean prehensile strength r =0,113, p=0,036; high jump r =0,177, p=0,000; push-up r =0,158, p=0,003; and figure-8 test r =0,146, p=0,006). University students with higher levels of depressive symptomatology presented a lower physical fitness phenotype, mainly in the cardiorespiratory endurance indicator (ß=-0,059; p<0,004 Exp (B) 0,942). Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study show that a phenotype associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with higher levels of depressive symptomatology.

Prevalence of meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines and its correlates among preschool-aged children.

The aim of the present study was twofold: first, to determine the meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines in Colombian preschool-aged children, and second, to explore the associations between different socio-ecological correlates and the meeting of these guidelines. This was a cross-sectional study with data from the Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional (ENSIN-2015) in Colombia, 2015-2016. The sample comprised 3002 low-income preschoolers (3-4 years old, 50.7% boys). Data on physical activity, screen time, and sleep time were collected using the Cuestionario para la Medición de Actividad Física y Comportamiento Sedentario, reported by their parents. In total, 18 potential correlates (individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community level) were analyzed. Backward binary logistic regression analysis was performed with the potential correlates as independent variables and meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines as dependent variables. The prevalence of preschoolers meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines or none was 4.8% and 16.6%, respectively. In the final model, boys (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-3.50) and those who do not have television in their bedroom (OR = 2.09, 95%CI 1.05-4.14) were more likely to meet all three 24-h movement guidelines compared to with girls and those who have television, respectively. In conclusion, strategies to promote adherence to all 24-h movement guidelines among low-income preschoolers are warranted, and should focus on actions considering the importance of sex and home environment changes to support these movement behaviors.

Metabolic responses to acute sprint interval exercise training performed after an oral 75-gram glucose load in individuals with overweight/obesity.

There is evidence supporting that acute sprint interval training (SIT) might improve metabolic responses to postprandial glucose, but results are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of acute SIT on metabolic response and substrate utilization in individuals with overweight/obesity after an oral 75-gram glucose challenge. Thirty-three participants with overweight/ obesity (32.7 ± 8.3 years, 24 male, 9 female) participated in the study and a crossover design was followed. After the 75-gram glucose load, participants were randomly allocated to two groups: no exercise (resting) or SIT protocol. Metabolic data including respiratory quotient (RQ) and substrate utilization rates (fats and carbohydrates) were collected using the COSMED Q-NRG + ® calorimeter. The RQ was significantly lower in the acute SIT group (0.76 [0.01]; p < 0.0001) than in the resting group (0.80 [0.01]; p = 0.036) at the 120-min postprandial time point, and the RQ area under the curve (AUC) was also lower in the SIT group (mean difference of -6.62, 95% CI -12.00 to -1.24; p = 0.0161). The contribution of fat to energy expenditure increased after SIT during the postprandial period whereas the contribution of carbohydrates decreased. The AUC for fat contribution was significantly higher (mean difference 2311.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 578.8 to 4043.3; p = 0.0098) and the AUC for carbohydrate contribution was significantly lower (mean difference -2283.1, 95% CI -4040.2 to -527.1; p = 0.0117) in the SIT group than in the resting group. In conclusions, acute SIT might have a positive effect on metabolic responses to postprandial glucose and, accordingly, should be recommended for improving metabolism in people with overweight/obesity.

[Association between physical fitness and depressive symptoms in university students: a cross-sectional analysis]. / Relación entre la condición física y síntomas depresivos en universitarios: un análisis transversal.

Introduction: Objective: physical fitness is one of the most relevant predictors of an individual's mental health status. However, few studies have described the relationship between physical fitness and depressive symptoms in students from Latin America. The aim of this study was to verify the association between physical fitness and self-reporting of depressive symptoms among university students. Research methods and procedures: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 344 undergraduate students (53 % women, with a median age of 20 years, ranging from 18 to 23 years), from four public and private universities in Cali, Colombia. The components of physical fitness (vertical jump, arm pushups, trunk pushups and aerobic fitness) were assessed by field tests and a global fitness z-score was calculated as the mean of the z-scores values of each fitness test. In addition, global fitness z-score was divided into tertiles (T) to obtain three balanced groups: (T1) low, (T2) medium, and (T3) high global fitness z-score. Results: twelve percent of the population suffer from mild depressive symptoms, while 10 % reported moderate/severe depression, with women showing the highest score on the Beck-II Depression inventory. In men, inverse and statistically significant correlations were observed between the depression score of the Beck-II Depression inventory and lower muscle strength-vertical jump (Z-score) r = -0.190, aerobic fitness (Z-score) r = -0,195, and global fitness z-score r = -0.189; p < 0,01. The similar findings were observed after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity levels as covariable, between (T 1) and (T3) global fitness z-score, p = 0.028 in men. Conclusion: our results indicated that lower muscle strength and global fitness z-score was inversely related to self-rate depression symptoms using the Beck II depression inventory in men group.

Introducción: Objetivo: la condición física es uno de los factores predictores más relevantes del estado de salud mental de un individuo. No obstante, son pocos los estudios que han descrito la relación entre la condición física con síntomas depresivos en universitarios latinos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue verificar la posible relación entre la condición física y los síntomas depresivos en un colectivo de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos y procedimientos de investigación: estudio transversal en 344 universitarios (53 % mujeres) entre los 18 y 25 años (rango 18-23 años), pertenecientes a cuatro instituciones de educación superior de Cali, Colombia. Los síntomas depresivos se recogieron por autoinforme a través del inventario de Depresión Beck-II. Los componentes de la condición física (salto alto, flexiones de brazo, flexiones de tronco y condición aeróbica) se midieron a través de pruebas de campo. El promedio de las 4 variables de condición física se tipifico y transformaron como Z-score para establecer una única variable denominada índice general de condición física. Posteriormente se categorizó en tertiles (T), siendo el tertil (T3) la posición con mejor desempeño físico. Resultados: un 12 % de la población presentó síntomas depresivos leves, mientras que un 10 % presentaron depresión moderada/grave, siendo las mujeres las que acusaron mayor puntaje en el inventario de Depresión Beck-II. En el grupo de hombres, correlaciones inversas y estadísticamente significativas fueron observadas entre los valores de depresión con la escala Beck-II, con el componente de salto alto (Z-score) r = -0,190, la condición aeróbica (Z-score) r = -0,195, y con el índice general de condición física (Z-score) r = -0,189; p < 0,01. Esta misma relación, fue observada tras ajustar por la edad, tabaquismo, enolismo y actividad física semanal como covariable, en los hombres entre los terciles 1 y 3 (p = 0,028). Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo revelan que el salto alto y el índice general de condición física de los hombres se relacionan de manera inversa y significativa con el puntaje del inventario de Depresión de Beck-II.

Youth Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ): Reliability and Validity in Colombian University Students.

Sedentary behavior (SB) is influenced by variations in social, cultural and economic contexts. This study assesses the test-retest reliability and validity of the Youth Leisure-time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ), a self-report tool that examines total and domain-specific SB in a cohort of young adults from Colombia. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted among 447 Colombian college students (52.8% men; mean (± standard deviation) age of 19.55 ± 2.54 years). To assess the reliability of the YLSBQ, Kappa statistics (k) were used. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine validity. The Cronbach alpha for the 12 behaviors of the YLSBQ showed a good-to-excellent internal consistency (0.867, ranging from 0.715-0.935). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated that 10 items (83.0%) and two items (17.0%) showed excellent and good reliability, respectively. Furthermore, ICC between the total sedentary time was 0.926 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.912 - 0.939), which was interpreted as excellent. The goodness-of-fit tests provided evidence that overall, a four-factor solution was an adequate fit with the time scores. In conclusion, the YLSBQ could be considered a reliable, valid and usable tool for the assessment of SB in young adults in a Latin American country. We found that the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were similar to those of the original Spanish validation study.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in College Students: Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the KIDMED Questionnaire.

No prior studies have examined the reliability properties of the 16-item Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire among young adults from a non-Mediterranean country. The objective of this study was to determine the psychometric properties in terms of the reliability and validity of the KIDMED questionnaire in young adults from Colombia. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted among 604 Colombian college students (47.51% men and 52.48% women; mean age of 21.60 ± 2.02 years). Kappa statistics were used to assess the reliability of the KIDMED questionnaire. A categorical principal components analysis was used to determine validity. Based on the KIDMED score, 58.4% of students had a good adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). Good agreement in the general score of the questionnaire was observed (κ = 0.727, 95% confidence interval = 0.676 to 0.778, p < 0.001). A five-factor model was identified which explained almost 51.38% of the variability, showing the multidimensionality of the questionnaire. In conclusion, this study provides reasonable evidence for the reliability and validity of the KIDMED questionnaire for assessing adherence to MedDiet in college students within a Latin American country. The evaluation of the psychometric properties of this tool in early adulthood and in a non-Mediterranean country will be useful in clinical practice and epidemiological research, since practitioners and health researchers now have a valid and reliable short scale.