Primary hyperparathyroidism with water clear cell content: the impact of histological diagnosis on clinical management and outcome.

Water clear cell hyperplasia (WCCH) and water clear cell adenomas (WCCA) of the parathyroid glands are rare causes of primary hyperparathyroidism. We report in this series one case of WCCH and two cases of WCCA representing 0.3% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism presenting to our institution. Increased parathyroid cellular water content was responsible for relatively larger parathyroid gland sizes. However, this was not associated with higher biochemical markers or more severe clinical presentations. Histological distinction between WCCH and WCCA is difficult but important since patients with WCCH who have had a parathyroidectomy via a unilateral neck exploration may carry an increased risk of future disease recurrence.

Characterization of a naturally occurring recombinant isolate of Grapevine fanleaf virus.

The naturally occurring Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) recombinant isolate A17b was recovered from its grapevine host by sap inoculation and serial passages onto Gomphrena globosa, a pseudo local lesion herbaceous host, and Chenopodium quinoa, a systemic herbaceous host, to characterize some of its biological properties. Sequence analysis of the CP gene, in which a recombinational event was previously detected, demonstrated the genetic stability of recombinant isolate A17b over a 5-year period in its natural host as well as in C. quinoa. Also, recombinant isolate A17b was graft transmissible, as shown by an in vitro heterologous approach, and transmitted by the nematode Xiphinema index as readily as nonrecombinant GFLV isolates. Furthermore, despite a lower pathogenicity on Chenopodium amaranticolor, recombinant isolate A17b had a similar host range and induced similar symptoms in type and severity to nonrecombinant GFLV isolates. Interestingly, the use of infectious chimeric RNA2 transcripts in combination to RNA1 transcripts of GFLV strain F13 suggested no implication of the recombination event in the CP gene of isolate A17b in the reduced pathogenicity on C. amaranticolor. Altogether, recombinant isolate A17b had similar biological properties to GFLV nonrecombinant isolates.

Involvement of RNA2-encoded proteins in the specific transmission of Grapevine fanleaf virus by its nematode vector Xiphinema index.

The nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is specifically transmitted by the nematode Xiphinema index. To identify the RNA2-encoded proteins involved in X. index-mediated spread of GFLV, chimeric RNA2 constructs were engineered by replacing the 2A, 2B(MP), and/or 2C(CP) sequences of GFLV with their counterparts in Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), a closely related nepovirus which is transmitted by Xiphinema diversicaudatum but not by X. index. Among the recombinant viruses obtained from transcripts of GFLV RNA1 and chimeric RNA2, only those which contained the 2C(CP) gene (504 aa) and 2B(MP) contiguous 9 C-terminal residues of GFLV were transmitted by X. index as efficiently as natural and synthetic wild-type GFLV, regardless of the origin of the 2A and 2B(MP) genes. As expected, ArMV was not transmitted probably because it is not retained by X. index. These results indicate that the determinants responsible for the specific spread of GFLV by X. index are located within the 513 C-terminal residues of the polyprotein encoded by RNA2.

[Radiation damages in human lymphocytes studied by micronucleus and chromosomal analysis]. / Issledovanie radiatsionnykh povrezhdenii v limfotsitakh cheloveka metodom mikroiadernogo i khromosomnogo analiza.

It was shown that the dependence of the micronucleus number and chromosome aberration on irradiation dose is linear quadratic, the values of linear coefficient being different. The distribution of ameliorators and children from the areas with higher irradiation level by micronucleus test conforms to Poisson distribution, while the distribution by chromosomal analysis approaches to binomial distribution.

[A cytogenetic study of patients with disordered thyroid homeostasis]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe issledovanie bol'nykh s narusheniem tireoidnogo gomeostaza.

The cytogenetic disturbances in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with various thyroid diseases were studied. It was found that hormone administration results in chromosome aberration and micronucleus (MN) rate increase. The changes in the chromosome aberration spectrum correspond with radiation induced changes in the spectrum. The additional irradiation of cells in vitro caused the lower level of MN in patients treated with hormones than in control donors group.

[A decrease in the damaging action of gamma irradiation on human lymphocytes by postradiation treatment with the preparation MDI]. / Snizhenie povrezhdaiushchego deistviia gamma-oblucheniia na limfotsity cheloveka pri postluchevoi obrabotke preparatom MDI.

The effect of MDI, the agent of plant origin, on the cell cycle and the number of micronuclei in human lymphocytes after gamma-irradiation has been studied. It has been found that the treatment of lymphocytes with MDI stimulates DNA synthesis and reduces the delay of irradiated cells in (G2 + M) phase. Moreover post-irradiation cell treatment with MDI reduces the number of damaged cells.

[Lymphocyte mechanoluminescence]. / Mekhanoliuminestsentsiia limfotsitov.

A unique installation and an original investigation method are described for studying mechanoluminescence of lymphocytes. The spectral content of mechanoluminescence of lymphocytes of human peripheral blood showed maxima of optical emission at 262, 291, 335 and 412 nm. Intraperitoneal administration of hydrocortisone in mice enhances thymocyte mechanoluminescence intensity after 2 and 3 days by 33 and 62%, resp. It is shown that Acridine orange, reacting with murine thymocytes and their nucleoids, affects intensity of their mechanoluminescence, depending on the value of concentration of the injected intercalator.

[Differential diagnosis of and diphtheria and tonsillitis]. / Differentsial'naia diagnostika angin i difterii.

Differential diagnostic differences have been analyzed for faucial diphtheria (41 patients), infectious mononucleosis (219 patients), follicular and lacunar tonsillitis (71 patients), Vincent tonsillitis (22 patients). Besides specific clinical manifestations, of special importance in distinguishing the above diseases was a profound analysis of hemogram with calculations of special parameters and variants of ESR/leukocyte count ratio.

[Comparative effectiveness of various antibiotics in the treatment of patients with meningococcal meningitis]. / Sravnitel'naia éffektivnost' razlichnykh antibiotikov v lechenii bol'nykh meningokokkovym meningitom.

The results of treating 322 patients with various forms of meningococcal infection accepted to a hospital within a year are presented. The patients were divided into 3 groups by the character of etiotropic therapy. The patients of group I were treated with benzylpenicillin and those of group 2 were treated with levomycetin sodium succinate. Group 3 included the patients, the therapy of whom with the above two antibiotics failed and they were subjected to treatment with cefazolin, cefotaxime, amikacin and other broad spectrum antibiotics. Benzylpenicillin generally proved to be the drug of choice in the antibacterial therapy of meningococcal infection. In comparison to levomycetin (chloramphenicol) it provide more rapid clinical recovery of the patients and normalization of the indices of the cerebrospinal fluid. Only failure of benzylpenicillin therapy was considered as an indication to the broad-spectrum antibiotics to be in the complex treatment of the patients. As additional methods for estimating the efficacy of antibacterial therapy it was recommended to employ calculation of the integral indices of hemograms (the leukocyte index of intoxication and the hematologic index of intoxication).

[The current status of the problem of the biological indication of radiation lesions]. / Sovremennoe sostoianie problemy biologicheskoi indikatsii luchevykh porazhenii.

Current information is presented in the paper concerning the biological indication of radiation effects within a wide range of doses. The radiobiological phenomena that lay the basis for the development of methods of diagnosis of radiation injury are discussed. Basic requirements to biological indicators and principles of elaboration of the system of laboratory diagnosis of radiation injury are reported. A new classification of biological indicators of radiation affection based on the principles of pathogenesis is proposed. The informativeness of the diagnosis methods available is evaluated and the directions, which the search for new biological indications of radiation effect should follow, are outlined.

[The use of water-soluble vitamins in viral hepatitis A]. / Primenenie vodorastvorimykh vitaminov pri virusnom gepatite A.

To correct disbolism of vitamins C, B3, B6 and B12 due to viral hepatitis A (VHA), the patients received daily doses of the vitamins: 300 and 400 mg of ascorbic acid, 300 and 600 mg of calcium pantothenate or 90 and 180 mg of pantetin per os. 100 and 200 micrograms of cyanocobalamin alternating with 50 and 100 mg of pyridoxin was given intramuscularly every other day. The course lasted 3-4 weeks. The vitamin treatment promoted a positive trend in clinico-biochemical parameters, normalization of immunocompetent cell and serum immunoglobulins levels, of phagocytic reaction of peripheral blood neutrophils.

[The intensity of proteolysis in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats in the early period of acute radiation injury]. / Intensivnost' proteoliza v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi krys v rannii period ostrogo luchevogo porazheniia.

Comparative analysis of biochemical indices that reflect the proteolysis rate in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes in normal conditions and during the first 4-6 h after whole-body single uniform gamma-irradiation with lethal (7.5 Gy) and nonlethal (3 Gy) doses has revealed that the pronounced activation of proteolysis in lymphocytes and the disturbances in the inhibitor/protease balance are characteristic of the severe form of radiation damage with fatal outcome. Simultaneously changes occur in biochemical indices of plasma that reflect a catabolic pathway of metabolism in the whole-body. The absence of similar changes in the blood of the survived animals permits to recommend the biochemical indices under study to be used for early prognosis of the radiation affection outcome.

[The use of pantothenic acid preparations in treating patients with viral hepatitis A]. / Primenenie preparatov pantotenovoi kisloty v lechenii bol'nykh virusnym gepatitom A.

Calcium pantothemate in the daily dose 300 mg and 600 mg and pantetheine in the dose 90 mg and 180 mg per os were applied for 3-4 weeks in combined therapy of 156 patients with viral hepatitis A. In addition to the positive clinico-biochemical effect, these drugs produced an immunomodulatory action and a beneficial effect on the level of blood serum immunoglobulins and the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils. Pantetheine provided the most pronounced therapeutic effect.

[The blood level of cobalamin as an indicator of the functional status of the liver in jaundice of different etiologies]. / Uroven' kobalaminemii kak pokazatel' funktsional'nogo sostoianiia pecheni pri zheltukhakh razlichnoi étiologii.

Blood serum free vitamin B12, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase levels were measured and thymol test made in 168 patients with viral hepatitis A, 13 with chronic hepatitis, 8 with mechanical jaundice of neoplastic origin, 7 with calculous cholecystitis, and 8 with functional hyperbilirubinemia by the microbiologic methods. Elevated blood serum levels of free vitamin B12, conforming to the disease severity and stage, were revealed in the patients with viral hepatitis A, chronic active hepatitis, and mechanical jaundice of a neoplastic origin with liver involvement. Correlations between cobalaminemia and other functional liver tests were observed. Therefore blood serum vitamin B12 measurements may be used for the assessment of the disease activity and severity of liver parenchyma injury.

[An evaluation of the conformational changes in the superhelical DNA of eukaryotic cells by direct nucleoid fluorometry. II. The characteristics of the change in acridine orange fluorescence in studying the superhelical DNA of rat thymocytes]. / Otsenka konformatsionnykh izmenenii superspiral'noi DNK éukarioticheskikh kletok metodom priamoi fluorimetrii nukleoidov. II. Osobennosti izmeneniia fluorestsentsii akridinovogo oranzhevogo pri izuchenii superspiral'noi DNK timotsitov krys.

Comparative studies of acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide interactions with supercoiled DNA (scDNA) of thymocytes were performed in which various conformational changes were induced. AO may be efficiently used for evaluation of conformational alterations of scDNA. Moreover, employing the maximum values of AO fluorescence allows to determine the maximum levels of scDNA relaxation.

[Structural changes in the DNA of the blood nucleotides and the development of late sequelae in irradiated rats]. / Strukturnye izmeneniia DNK nukleotidov krovi i razvitie otdalennykh posledstvii u obluchennykh krys.

Fluorescent analysis of structural changes of nucleotide in the blood associated with AT fragments has been studied in rats, gamma-irradiated with doses of 2 and 4 Gy. It was demonstrated that the haematological, gerontological and cancerogenic late consequences were preceded by the structural genomic disturbances determined by 30 day after irradiation.