Unraveling the Mechanisms of Cannabidiol's Pharmacological Actions: A Comprehensive Research Overview.

Cannabis sativa has long been used for neurological and psychological healing. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from cannabis sativa has gained prominence in the medical field due to its non-psychotropic therapeutic effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. CBD, also acting as a potent antioxidant, displays diverse clinical properties such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidant, antiemetic, anxiolytic, antiepileptic, and antipsychotic effects. In this review, we summarized the structural activity relationship of CBD with different receptors by both experimental and computational techniques and investigated the mechanism of interaction between related receptors and CBD. The discovery of structural activity relationship between CBD and target receptors would provide a direction to optimize the scaffold of CBD and its derivatives, which would give potential medical applications on CBD-based therapies in various illnesses.

Unraveling the Structure-Activity-Stability Relationship over Gallium-Promoted HZSM-5 Nanocrystalline Aggregates for Propane Aromatization.

The aromatization of light alkane is an important process for increasing the aromatic production and utilization efficiency of light alkane resources simultaneously. Herein, Ga-modified HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared and investigated by a series of characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption to study their physicochemical properties. The catalytic performance in propane aromatization was also tested. Importantly, the structure-activity relationship, reaction pathway, and coke formation mechanism in propane aromatization were systematically explored. It was found that different Ga introduction methods would affect the amounts of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, and Ga-HZSM-5 prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibited higher amounts of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites but a lower B/L ratio. As a result, Ga-HZSM-5 showed higher propane conversion and benzene, toluene, and xylene yield compared with that of Ga2O3/HZSM-5. The propane aromatization reaction pathway indicated that propane dehydrogenation to propene was a crucial step for aromatic formation. The increase of the Lewis acid density in Ga-HZSM-5 can effectively improve the dehydrogenation rate and promote the aromatization reaction. Furthermore, the formation of coke species was studied by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry and Raman approaches, the results of which indicated that the graphitization degree of coke formed over spent Ga-HZSM-5 is lower, resulting in enhanced anticoking stability.

Surface heterojunction based on n-type low-dimensional perovskite film for highly efficient perovskite tandem solar cells.

Enhancing the quality of junctions is crucial for optimizing carrier extraction and suppressing recombination in semiconductor devices. In recent years, metal halide perovskite has emerged as the most promising next-generation material for optoelectronic devices. However, the construction of high-quality perovskite junctions, as well as characterization and understanding of their carrier polarity and density, remains a challenge. In this study, using combined electrical and spectroscopic characterization techniques, we investigate the doping characteristics of perovskite films by remote molecules, which is corroborated by our theoretical simulations indicating Schottky defects consisting of double ions as effective charge dopants. Through a post-treatment process involving a combination of biammonium and monoammonium molecules, we create a surface layer of n-type low-dimensional perovskite. This surface layer forms a heterojunction with the underlying 3D perovskite film, resulting in a favorable doping profile that enhances carrier extraction. The fabricated device exhibits an outstanding open-circuit voltage (VOC) up to 1.34 V and achieves a certified efficiency of 19.31% for single-junction wide-bandgap (1.77 eV) perovskite solar cells, together with significantly enhanced operational stability, thanks to the improved separation of carriers. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of this wide-bandgap device by achieving a certified efficiency of 27.04% and a VOC of 2.12 V in a perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cell configuration.

Physical Activity and Weight Loss Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Look AHEAD Trial.

Importance: Prior findings from the Look AHEAD trial showed no significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events by lifestyle-induced weight loss among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity. However, physical activity (PA) may modify the changes in cardiovascular risk associated with weight loss. Objective: To examine the joint association of weight loss and PA with the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with T2D and overweight or obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study was a post hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD randomized clinical trial, which compared the cardiovascular effects of weight loss by intensive lifestyle intervention vs diabetes support and education among individuals with T2D and overweight or obesity. The study was conducted from June 2001 to September 2012, and participants were patients in the substudy of accelerometry-measured PA from 8 locations in the United States. Data were analyzed from June to August 2023. Exposures: Body weight change and accelerometer-derived PA volume across the first 4 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was a composite cardiovascular outcome including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for angina. Results: Among a total of 1229 participants (mean [SD] age, 60 [7] years; 533 male [43%]), 333 (27%) achieved and maintained weight loss for the first 4 years. Among the individuals who maintained weight loss, 105 (32%) maintained high PA volume. During a median of 9.5 years of follow-up, 198 participants (16.1%) experienced the primary outcome. Compared with those with low PA volume and no weight loss (105 [15.8%]), maintaining high PA volume and weight loss was associated with a 61% lower risk of the primary end point (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.19-0.81; P = .01). However, there was no significant difference in the risk of the primary end point among those with either weight loss only or high PA only. The multiplicative interaction between weight loss and PA for the risk of cardiovascular events was also significant (P for interaction = .01). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, maintaining weight loss and higher PA volume was associated with a lower risk of the composite cardiovascular outcome. The findings suggest that the cardiovascular benefits of PA may vary and be enhanced by weight loss among individuals with T2D and overweight or obesity.

Construction of Heterojunction-Rich Metal Nitrides Porous Nanosheets Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water/Seawater Splitting at Large Current Density.

The exploiting electrocatalysts for water/seawater electrolysis with remarkable activity and outstanding durability at industrial grade current density remains a huge challenge. Herein, CoMoNx and Fe-doped CoMoNx nanosheet arrays are in-situ grown on Ni foam, which possess plentiful holes, multilevel heterostructure, and lavish Co5.47 N/MoN@NF and Fe-Co5.47 N/MoN@NF interfaces. They require low overpotentials of 213 and 296 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline media to achieve current density of 800 mA cm-2 , respectively, and both possess low Tafel slopes (51.1 and 49.1 mV dec-1 ) and undiminished stability over 80 h. Moreover, the coupled Co5.47 N/MoN@NF and Fe-Co5.47 N/MoN@NF electrolyzer requires low voltages of 1.735 V to yield 500 mA cm-2 in alkaline water. Notably, they also exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic properties in alkaline seawater (1.833 V@500 mA cm-2 ). The experimental studies and theoretical calculations verify that Fe doping does reduce the energy barrier from OH* to O* intermediates during OER process after catalyst reconstruction, and the non-metallic N site from MoN exhibits the lowest theoretical overpotential. The splendid catalytic performance is attributed to the optimized local electron configuration and porous structure. This discovery provides a new design method toward low-cost and excellent catalysts for water/seawater splitting to produce hydrogen.

Improving domain generalization performance for medical image segmentation via random feature augmentation.

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have shown remarkable performance in medical image segmentation tasks. However, medical images frequently exhibit distribution discrepancies due to variations in scanner vendors, operators, and image quality, which pose significant challenges to the robustness of trained models when applied to unseen clinical data. To address this issue, domain generalization methods have been developed to enhance the generalization ability of DCNNs. Feature space-based data augmentation methods have been proven effective in improving domain generalization, but they often rely on prior knowledge or assumptions, which can limit the diversity of source domain data. In this study, we propose a novel random feature augmentation (RFA) method to diversify source domain data at the feature level without prior knowledge. Specifically, our RFA method perturbs domain-specific information while preserving domain-invariant information, thereby adequately diversifying the source domain data. Furthermore, we propose a dual-branches invariant synergistic learning strategy to capture domain-invariant information from the augmented features of RFA, enabling DCNNs to learn a more generalized representation. We evaluate our proposed method on two challenging medical image segmentation tasks, optic cup/disc segmentation on fundus images and prostate segmentation on MRI images. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our method over state-of-the-art domain generalization methods.

Improved Structural Order and Exciton Delocalization in High-Member Quasi-Two-Dimensional Tin Halide Perovskite Revealed by Electroabsorption Spectroscopy.

Engineering of quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) tin halide perovskite structures is a promising pathway to achieve high-performance lead-free perovskite solar cells, with recently developed devices demonstrating over 14% efficiency. Despite the significant efficiency improvement over the bulk three-dimensional (3D) tin perovskite solar cells, the precise relationship between structural engineering and electron-hole (exciton) properties is not fully understood. Here, we study exciton properties in high-member quasi-2D tin perovskite (which is dominated by large n phases) and bulk 3D tin perovskite using electroabsorption (EA) spectroscopy. By numerically extracting the changes in polarizability and dipole moment between the excited and ground states, we show that more ordered and delocalized excitons are formed in the high-member quasi-2D film. This result indicates that the high-member quasi-2D tin perovskite film consists of more ordered crystal orientations and reduced defect density, which is in agreement with the over 5-fold increase in exciton lifetime and much improved solar cell efficiency in devices. Our results provide insights on the structure-property relationship of high-performance quasi-2D tin perovskite optoelectronic devices.

RNA sequencing-based exploration of the effects of far-red light on microRNAs involved in the shade-avoidance response of D. officinale.

Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) has remarkable medicinal functions and high economic value. The shade-avoidance response to far-red light importantly affects the D. officinale productivity. However, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs involved in the far-red light-avoidance response is unknown. Previous studies have found that, in D. officinale, 730 nm (far-red) light can promote the accumulation of plant metabolites, increase leaf area, and accelerate stem elongation. Here, the effects of far-red light on D. officinale were analysed via RNA-seq. KEGG analysis of miRNA target genes revealed various far-red light response pathways, among which the following played central roles: the one-carbon pool by folate; ascorbate and aldarate; cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis; and sulfur metabolism. Cytoscape analysis of DE miRNA targets showed that novel_miR_484 and novel_miR_36 were most likely involved in the effects of far-red light on the D. officinale shade avoidance. Content verification revealed that far-red light promotes the accumulation of one-carbon compounds and ascorbic acid. Combined with qPCR validation results, the results showed that miR395b, novel_miR_36, novel_miR_159, novel_miR_178, novel_miR_405, and novel_miR_435 may participate in the far-red light signalling network through target genes, regulating the D. officinale shade avoidance. These findings provide new ideas for the efficient production of D. officinale.

In-situ growth of low-dimensional perovskite-based insular nanocrystals for highly efficient light emitting diodes.

Regulation of perovskite growth plays a critical role in the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, judicious control of the grain growth for perovskite light emitting diodes is elusive due to its multiple requirements in terms of morphology, composition, and defect. Herein, we demonstrate a supramolecular dynamic coordination strategy to regulate perovskite crystallization. The combined use of crown ether and sodium trifluoroacetate can coordinate with A site and B site cations in ABX3 perovskite, respectively. The formation of supramolecular structure retard perovskite nucleation, while the transformation of supramolecular intermediate structure enables the release of components for slow perovskite growth. This judicious control enables a segmented growth, inducing the growth of insular nanocrystal consist of low-dimensional structure. Light emitting diode based on this perovskite film eventually brings a peak external quantum efficiency up to 23.9%, ranking among the highest efficiency achieved. The homogeneous nano-island structure also enables high-efficiency large area (1 cm2) device up to 21.6%, and a record high value of 13.6% for highly semi-transparent ones.

Synergetic Regulation of the Microstructure and Acidity of HZSM-5/MCM-41 for Efficient Catalytic Cracking of n-Decane.

Alkane catalytic cracking is regarded as one of the most significant processes for light olefin production; however, it suffers from serve catalyst deactivation due to coke formation. Herein, HZSM-5/MCM-41 composites with different Si/Al2 ratios were first prepared by the hydrothermal method. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were analyzed by a series of bulk and surface characterization methods, and the catalytic performance was tested in n-decane catalytic cracking. It was found that HZSM-5/MCM-41 showed a higher selectivity to light olefins and a lower deactivation rate compared with the parent HZSM-5 due to an enhanced diffusion rate and decreased acid density. Moreover, the structure-reactivity relationship revealed that conversion, light olefin selectivity, and the deactivation rate strongly depended on the total acid density. Furthermore, HZSM-5/MCM-41 was further extruded with γ-Al2O3 to obtain the catalyst pellet, which showed an even higher selectivity to light olefins (∼48%) resulting from the synergy effect of the fast diffusion rate and passivation of external acid density.

Surface-Energy-Regulated Growth of α-Phase Cs0.03 FA0.97 PbI3 for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Methylammonium (MA)-free formamidinium (FA)-dominated Csx FA1-x PbI3 is rising as the most promising candidate for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. However, the growth of high-quality Csx FA1-x PbI3 black-phase perovskite structure without ion doping in the lattice remains a challenge. Herein, propeller-shaped halogenated tertiary ammonium is synthesized, showing high binding energy on the perovskite surface and large steric hindrance. This molecule can significantly reduce the barrier of high surface energy that suppresses the growth of the α-phase Csx FA1-x PbI3 structure. As a result, the α-phase structure can be formed at room temperature, which can further act as a seed for the growth of high-quality film. Solar cells based on the film show a record efficiency up to 23.6% for MA free Csx FA1- x PbI3 solar cells with inverted structure and excellent stability at 85 °C over 200 h.

Magnetically-separable acid-resistant CoFe2O4@Polymer@MIL-100 core-shell catalysts for the acetalization of benzaldehyde and methanol.

Novel reusable acid-resistant magnetic polymer nanospheres-immobilized MIL-100 (CoFe2O4@Polymer@MIL-100) catalyst was prepared by a layer-by-layer method to achieve a controllable structure. The obtained core-shell catalyst consisted of modified magnetic nanoparticles as the core, a carboxylic-functionalized polymer as the protective layer, and an MIL-100 shell as the active catalytic layer by chemical bonds on the polymer. The catalysts showed good stability, good magnetic saturation, and acid corrosion resistance. The thickness of the MIL-100 shell could be adjusted by controlling the metal salt concentration and the number of layer-by-layer cycles. Nano-sized MIL-100 showed better mass transfer efficiency and catalytic activity. A conversion of 97.7% after 10 min was observed during acetalization when using CoFe2O4@Polymer@MIL-100 as the catalyst. CoFe2O4@Polymer@MIL-100 could be reused at least five times. The use of a polymer layer on CoFe2O4@Polymer@MIL-100 prevented acidic ligands from corroding the magnetic core. Chemical bonds between MIL-100 and functional magnetic polymer cores improved the catalyst's stability. CoFe2O4@Polymer@MIL-100 exhibited high activity, excellent stability, and easy magnetic separation.

Exploration of the effect of blue laser light on microRNAs involved in functional metabolism in D. officinale through RNA sequencing.

Dendrobium officinale has remarkable medicinal functions and high economic value. Laser light sources are different from ordinary light sources in terms of the light emission mechanism and play important roles regulating functional metabolite synthesis in D. officinale. However, the mechanism by which miRNAs participate in regulating the D. officinale response to blue laser irradiation has not been reported. Previous studies found that the number of red leaves on plants treated with blue laser light was greater than that on plants treated with blue light and white light, and blue laser light was most effective at promoting the accumulation of total flavonoids, polysaccharides and alkaloids. RNA-seq was used to analyse the difference in the effects of lasers on D. officinale. KEGG analysis of the target genes of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs showed that there were multiple blue laser response pathways, among which peroxisome, nitrogen metabolism, terpenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism played central roles. Cytoscape interaction analysis of DE miRNA targets showed that novel_miR_248 most likely participates in the influence of blue laser irradiation on D. officinale. Content verification in D. officinale showed that blue laser light could also increase the total terpene, chlorophyll levels, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Combined with the qPCR results, these findings showed that miR395b, miR827 and miR319l may participate in the blue laser signalling network through their target genes and then regulate the accumulation of functional metabolites in D. officinale. This study provides a scientific basis for the high-yield production of D. officinale.

Novel Side-Chain Type Sulfonated Poly(phenylquinoxaline) Proton Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells.

Side-chain type sulfonated poly(phenylquinoxaline) (SPPQ)-based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with different ionic exchange capacity (IEC) were successfully synthesized by copolymerization from 4,4'-bis (2-diphenyletherethylenedione) diphenyl ether, 4,4'-bis (2-phenylethylenedione) diphenyl ether and 3,3',4,4'-tetraaminobiphenyl, and post-sulfonation process. The sulfonic acid groups were precisely grafted onto the p-position of phenoxy groups in the side chain of PPQ after the convenient condition of the post-sulfonation process, which was confirmed by 1H NMR spectra and FTIR. The sulfonic acid groups of side-chain type SPPQ degraded at around 325 °C, and their maximum stress was higher than 47 MPa, indicating great thermal and mechanical stability. The water uptake increased with the increasing IEC and temperature. The size change in their plane direction was shown to be lower than 6%, indicating the stability of membrane electrode assembly. The SPPQ PEMs displayed higher proton conductivity than that of main chain. In the single cell test, the maximum power density of side-chain type SPPQ-5 was 63.8 mW cm-2 at 20 wt% methanol solution and O2 at 60 °C, which is largely higher than 18.4 mW cm-2 of NR212 under the same conditions. The SPPQ PEMs showed high performance (62.8 mW cm-2) even when the methanol concentration was as high as 30 wt%.

Rational construction of yolk-shell structured Co3Fe7/FeO@carbon composite and optimization of its microwave absorption.

The construction of yolk-shell composites with dielectric/magnetic multiple loss mechanisms has become a promising strategy to obtain high-efficiency microwave absorbing materials. An ideal microwave absorber should possess dielectric and magnetic loss abilities, thereby leading to the attenuation and absorption of incident electromagnetic radiation. Herein, the yolk-shell structured CoFe2O4@carbon (YS-CoFe2O4@C) and Co3Fe7/FeO@carbon (YS-Co3Fe7/FeO@C) composites were designed and synthesized through a series of processes, which include in-situ coating, heat-treating, etching and subsequent carbonization reduction reaction. The composite materials with specific structure, composition, and electromagnetic parameters could be effectively obtained by controlling the reaction conditions. The combination of alloy with high magnetic loss and carbon with advanced dielectric loss as well as the unique yolk-shell structure endow YS-Co3Fe7/FeO@C improved impendence matching and large attenuation constant. The YS-Co3Fe7/FeO@C composites show optimized microwave absorption behaviors, the minimum reflection loss is up to -57.6 dB at 12.30 GHz with the of 2.5 mm and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth is 5.27 GHz (10.10-15.37 GHz). Moreover, the widest effective bandwidth could reach 7.0 GHz (11-18 GHz) with the thickness of 2.3 m. This design provides a novel concept for tuning microwave absorption efficiency of magnetic/dielectric composites to prepare high-performance microwave absorbers.

Integrating Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide Nanosheets with a Co9S8@Ni3S2 Array as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting.

It is highly challenging to design low-cost, efficient electrocatalysts for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a hierarchical heterostructure was constructed on three-dimensional (3D) Ni foam, which contains Ni3S2 nanorods decorated with both Co9S8 and amorphous MoSx nanosheets and Ni3S2 nanowires decorated with amorphous MoSx nanosheets, namely, MoSx@Co9S8@Ni3S2/NF. The synergistic effects from the strong interactions of the heterointerface and unique hierarchical heterostructure endow the MoSx@Co9S8@Ni3S2/NF with abundant active sites and effective mass and electron transport pathways, resulting in excellent activity toward both HER and OER in 1 M KOH. It only gives a low overpotential of 76.5 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2 for HER and a low overpotential of 310 mV to achieve 100 mA cm-2 for OER. Based on the superior catalytic activity of MoSx@Co9S8@Ni3S2/NF for OER and HER, we demonstrated the activity of overall water splitting using MoSx@Co9S8@Ni3S2/NF as both the anode and cathode. It shows a higher catalytic activity for overall water splitting with a low cell voltage of 1.52 V at 10 mA cm-2 than commercial Pt/C/NF||IrO2/NF (1.61 V) and superior stability. This work provides a platform for the design and preparation of efficient electrocatalysts with various hierarchical heterostructures.

Quasi-2D Bilayer Surface Passivation for High Efficiency Narrow Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells.

The combination of comprehensive surface passivation and effective interface carriers transfer plays a critical role in high-performance perovskite solar cells. A 2D structure is an important approach for surface passivation of perovskite film, however, its large band gap could compromise carrier transfer. Herein, we synthesize a new molecule 2-thiopheneethylamine thiocyanate (TEASCN) for the construction of bilayer quasi-2D structure precisely on a tin-lead mixed perovskite surface. This bilayer structure can passivate the perovskite surface and ensure effective carriers transfer simultaneously. As a result, the open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of the device is increased without sacrificing short-circuit current density (Jsc ), giving rise to a high certified efficiency from a credible third-party certification of narrow band gap perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, theoretical simulation indicates that the inclusion of TEASCN makes the bilayer structure thermodynamically more stable, which provides a strategy to tailor the number of layers of quasi-2D perovskite structures.

Metal - organic frameworks derived Ni5P4/NC@CoFeP/NC composites for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction.

As an efficient non-precious metal catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), phosphides suffer from poor electrical conductivity, so it is still a challenge to reasonably design their structures to further improve their conductivity and OER performances. Here, we present a novel Ni5P4/N-doped carbon@CoFeP/N-doped carbon composite (Ni5P4/NC@CoFeP/NC) as electrocatalysts for OER. This elaborate structure consists of Ni5P4/NC derived from Ni-MOF and CoFeP/NC derived from CoFe-Prussian blue analog MOF (Co-Fe PBA). The cube-like CoFeP/NC are scattered and uniformly coated on the sheet of Ni5P4/NC flowers. Among them, NC can enhance the conductivity of phosphides, while CoFeP/NC can increase the electrochemical active area, which benefit the properties of Ni5P4/NC@CoFeP/NC. Notably, the Ni5P4/NC@CoFeP/NC catalyst possesses outstanding OER performances with a low overpotential of 260 and 303 mV at a current density of 10 and 100 mA·cm-2, an ultra-low Tafel slope of 31.1 mV·dec-1 and excellent stability in 1 M KOH. XPS analysis shows that proper chemical composition promotes the oxidation of transition metal species and the chemisorption of OH-, thus accelerating the OER kinetics. Therefore, this work provides a hopeful method for designing and preparing transition metal phosphide/carbon composite as OER electrocatalysts.

RNA sequencing-based exploration of the effects of blue laser irradiation on mRNAs involved in functional metabolites of D. officinales.

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) has promising lung moisturizing, detoxifying, and immune boosting properties. Light is an important factor influencing functional metabolite synthesis in D. officinale. The mechanisms by which lasers affect plants are different from those of ordinary light sources; lasers can effectively address the shortcomings of ordinary light sources and have significant interactions with plants. Different light treatments (white, blue, blue laser) were applied, and the number of red leaves under blue laser was greater than that under blue and white light. RNA-seq technology was used to analyze differences in D. officinale under different light treatments. The results showed 465, 2,107 and 1,453 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LB-B, LB-W and W-B, respectively. GO, KEGG and other analyses of DEGs indicated that D. officinale has multiple blue laser response modes. Among them, the plasma membrane, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, heat shock proteins, etc. play central roles. Physiological and biochemical results verified that blue laser irradiation significantly increases POD, SOD, and PAL activities in D. officinale. The functional metabolite results showed that blue laser had the greatest promoting effect on total flavonoids, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. qPCR verification combined with other results suggested that CRY DASH, SPA1, HY5, and PIF4 in the blue laser signal transduction pathway affect functional metabolite accumulation in D. officinale through positively regulated expression patterns, while CO16 and MYC2 exhibit negatively regulated expression patterns. These findings provide new ideas for the efficient production of metabolites in D. officinale.

Cu/NC@Co/NC composites derived from core-shell Cu-MOF@Co-MOF and their electromagnetic wave absorption properties.

Metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) derived carbon or nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) materials are usually used as electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. However, the effective control of the composition and structure of composites is still a major challenge for the development of high-performance EMW absorbing materials. In this work, core-shell structure and bimetallic composition Cu/nitrogen doped carbon @Co/ nitrogen doped carbon (Cu/NC@Co/NC) composites were designed and synthesized through the thermal decomposition of Cu-MOF@Co-MOF precursor. Cu/NC@Co/NC composites with different compositions were obtained by changing the ratio of Co-MOF and Cu-MOF. The composite (Cu/NC@Co/NC-3.75) prepared using 3.75 mmol of Co(NO3)2·6H2O exhibits outstanding EMW absorption properties due to the optimized impedance matching and strong attenuation ability, which is caused by enhanced interfacial and dipolar polarization as well as multiple reflection and scattering. With the filler loading in paraffin of 35 wt%, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) is up to -54.13 dB at 9.84 GHz with a thin thickness of 3 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL≤ - 10 dB) reaches 5.19 GHz (10.18-15.37 GHz) with the corresponding thickness of 2.5 mm. Compared with the Cu/NC and Co/NC, the Cu/NC@Co/NC-3.75 composite exhibits much better EMW absorbing performances caused by the bimetallic composition and the unique core-shell structure. This work provides a rational design for MOF-derived lightweight and broadband EMW absorbing materials.