Enterococcus alishanensis sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from fresh coffee beans.

A coccus-shaped organism, designated ALS3T, was isolated from fresh coffee cherries collected at a farm located in the Ali Mountain region of Taiwan. Sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain ALS3T belongs to the genus Enterococcus and has more than 98.5 % sequence similarity to Enterococcus pallens and Enterococcus hermanniensis. When comparing the ALS3T genome with these two type strains, the average nucleotide identity values and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 72.6-73.3 and 19.2 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA from strain ALS3T was 35.6 mol%. Results of sequence analysis, together with enzymatic activities and characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism, indicated that strain ALS3T is distinct and represents a novel species, for which the name Enterococcus alishanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ALS3T (=NBRC 109593T=BCRC 80605T).

Metschnikowia miensis f.a., sp. nov., isolated from flowers in Mie prefecture, Japan.

Four yeast strains (RIFY 10001T, RIFY 10002, RIFY 10003, and RIFY 10004) were isolated from flowers growing in fields of mustard and broad beans in Japan. Ascospore formation was not observed. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) gene of the four strains indicated that they belong to the genus Metschnikowia and are closely related to Metschnikowia hawaiiana strain CBS 9146T and Metschnikowia orientalis strain CBS 10331T. The D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer regions of strain RIFY 10001T were 85.7% identical to those of M. hawaiiana strain CBS 9146T. All four strains were distinguished from the M. hawaiiana strain CBS 9146T by their inability to ferment glucose. Hence, these four strains are novel species and were named as Metschnikowia miensis (holotype: RIFY 10001T; isotypes: NBRC 112445T = CBS 14749T).

Cellulomonas algicola sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a freshwater alga.

An actinomycete strain, TKZ-21T, was isolated from a freshwater alga (Chetophoraceae) collected from the Takizawa River, Yamanashi, Japan, and examined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells were Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-sporulating, motile, and coccoid or short rod-shaped. The strain grew in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, between pH 6-9.4, and over a temperature range of 15-40 °C, with optimum growth at 30 °C. The peptidoglycan type of strain TKZ-21T was A4ß, containing l-ornithine as diagnostic diamino acid and d-glutamic acid as the interpeptide bridge. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, ninhydrin-positive glycolipid, and unidentified phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0, and the DNA G+C content was 75.6 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain TKZ-21T was closely related to Cellulomonas fimi (98.5 % sequence similarity) and Cellulomonas biazotea (98.3 %). The genome orthoANI value between strain TKZ-21T and C. biazotea and C. fimi were 84.7 and 84.2 %, respectively. On the basis of fatty acid and MALDI-TOF MS profile analysis, phylogenetic analyses, genomic analysis, and phenotypic data, it is proposed that the isolate be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Cellulomonas, with the name Cellulomonas algicola sp. nov. The type strain is TKZ-21T (=NBRC 112905T=TBRC 8129T).

Lactobacillus musae sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from banana fruits.

Two Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped, bacterial strains (313T and 311) were isolated from banana fruits in Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the highest similarity to both strains corresponded to the type strain of Lactobacillus nantensis (99.19 %), followed by Lactobacillus crustorum (98.99 %), Lactobacillus heilongjiangensis (98.59 %) and Lactobacillus farciminis (98.52 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that these two strains were well separated from the Lactobacillus reference strains. DNA-DNA relatedness values revealed genotype separation of the two strains from the above four species. The DNA G+C content of strain 313T was 35.5 mol%. The strains were homofermentative and mainly produced l-lactic acid from glucose. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 313T were 18 : 1ω6c and/or 18 : 1ω7c, 16 : 0, and 19 : 1ω6c and/or 19 : 0 cyclo ω10c. Based on their physiological and genotypic characteristics, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillusmusae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 313T=NBRC 112868T=BCRC 81020T).

Virgisporangium myanmarense sp. nov., a novel motile actinomycete isolated from an anthill soil in Myanmar.

An actinomycete strain, designated MM04-1133T, was isolated from an anthill soil sample collected in Bagan, Myanmar. To establish the taxonomic status of this strain, the isolate was subjected to a polyphasic approach. Strain MM04-1133T was Gram-staining positive, aerobic, motile and formed long and narrow sporangia directly above the surface of the substrate mycelium. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the strain contained 3-OH-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H8). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The diagnostic phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the DNA was 69.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain MM04-1133T clustered within the genus Virgisporangium, with the sequence exhibiting highest similarity (98.5% identity) with Virgisporangium ochraceum NBRC 16418T. The strain grew in the presence of 0-1% (w/v) NaCl, at pH 5-8 and at 20-40 °C, with optimal growth at 30-37 °C. Based on phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, we propose classifying this isolate as a novel species of the genus Virgisporangium, to be designated as Virgisporangium myanmarense sp. nov. The type strain is MM04-1133T (=NBRC 112733T=VTCC 910008T).

Impact of Bacillus cereus NRKT on grape ripe rot disease through resveratrol synthesis in berry skin.

BACKGROUND: Vine growers are faced with the difficult problem of how to control grape ripe rot disease in vineyards because of fear of accumulation of pesticide residues on grape berries near harvest. Biological control is an alternative non-hazardous technique to control the diseases. RESULTS: Application of resveratrol-synthesis-promoting bacterium, Bacillus cereus strain NRKT, reduced the incidence of grape ripe rot disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a vineyard. The application of NRKT to berry bunches upregulated the gene expression of stilbene synthase, a key enzyme for resveratrol synthesis in berry skins, thereby promoting resveratrol synthesis in berry skins. CONCLUSION: The potential use of NRKT in vineyards is expected to contribute to the increase in resveratrol content in berry skins, thereby protecting grape berries against fungal diseases. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Streptomyces hokutonensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the strawberry root rhizosphere.

A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of actinomycete strain R1-NS-10(T), which was isolated from a sample of strawberry root rhizosphere obtained from Hokuto, Yamanashi, Japan. Strain R1-NS-10(T) was Gram-staining-positive and aerobic, and formed brownish-white aerial mycelia and grayish-brown substrate mycelia on ISP-2 medium. The strain grew in the presence of 0-5% (w/v) NaCl and optimally grew without NaCl. The strain grew at pH 5-8, and the optimum for growth was pH 7. The optimal growth temperature was 30 °C, but the strain grew at 5-37 °C. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain R1-NS-10(T) contained A2pm, galactose, mannose and rhamnose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain R1-NS-10(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces prunicolor NBRC 13075(T) (99.4%). The draft genome sequences of both strains were determined for characterization of genome sequence-related parameters such as average nucleotide identity (ANI) and the diversity of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) and ANI values for both strains were below the species delineation cutoff, and differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics differentiated strain R1-NS-10(T) from its closest phylogenetic relative. On the basis of these data, we propose that strain R1-NS-10(T) (=NBRC 108812(T)=KCTC 29186(T)) should be classified as the type strain of a novel Streptomyces species named Streptomyces hokutonensis sp. nov.

Lactococcus formosensis sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems).

A coccal-shaped organism, designated 516(T), was isolated from yan-tsai-shin (fermented broccoli stems), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 516(T) had 98.9 % sequence similarity to that of the type strain Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). Comparison of three housekeeping genes, rpoA, rpoB and pheS, revealed that strain 516(T) was well separated from Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T). DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 516(T) had low DNA relatedness with Lactococcus garvieae NBRC 100934(T) (46.1 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 516(T) was 38.1 mol% and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (22.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (17.9 %) and summed feature 7 (29.0 %). Based on the evidence, strain 516(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus formosensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 516(T) ( = NBRC 109475(T) = BCRC 80576(T)).

Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. taiwanensis subsp. nov., isolated from broccoli.

A coccal strain isolated from fresh broccoli was initially identified as Enterococcus saccharolyticus; however, molecular identification and phenotypic traits did not support this identification. DNA-DNA hybridization with the type strain of E. saccharolyticus (76.4 % relatedness), DNA G+C content (35.7 mol%), phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, pheS and rpoA gene sequences, rep-PCR fingerprinting and profiles of cellular fatty acids, whole-cell proteins and enzyme activities, together with carbohydrate metabolism characteristics, indicated that this strain is distinct and represents a novel subspecies, for which the name Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. taiwanensis subsp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 812(T) ( = NBRC 109476(T) = BCRC 80575(T)). Furthermore, we present an emended description of Enterococcus saccharolyticus and proposal of Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. saccharolyticus subsp. nov. (type strain ATCC 43076(T) = CCUG 27643(T) = CCUG 33311(T) = CIP 103246(T) = DSM 20726(T) = JCM 8734(T) = LMG 11427(T) = NBRC 100493(T) = NCIMB 702594(T)).

Actinoplanes rishiriensis sp. nov., a novel motile actinomycete isolated by rehydration and centrifugation method.

The motile actinomycete strain RI50-RCA114(T) was isolated using rehydration and centrifugation method from a soil sample obtained from Rishiri Island in Japan. The taxonomic status of this organism was established using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain RI50-RCA114(T) were Gram positive, aerobic, motile and formed irregular sporangia. The strain grew in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl, between pH 5 and 8, and over a temperature range of 20-37°C, with optimal growth at 30°C. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose, glucose and mannose, in addition to one unidentified O-methyl-hexose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)), and the major polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl-N-methylethylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and anteiso-C(17:0). Comparative 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RI50-RCA114(T) had the closest sequence similarity with Actinoplanes globisporus JCM 3186(T) (97.6%). However, DNA-DNA hybridization assays as well as physiological and biochemical analyses differentiated strain RI50-RCA114(T) from its closest phylogenetic relative. On the basis of these data, we propose that strain RI50-RCA114(T) (=NBRC 108556(T)=BCC 49184(T)) be classified as the type strain of a novel Actinoplanes species and named Actinoplanes rishiriensis sp. nov.

JBIR-94 and JBIR-125, antioxidative phenolic compounds from Streptomyces sp. R56-07.

Two phenolic compounds, JBIR-94 (1) and JBIR-125 (2), were isolated from the fermentation broth of strain R56-07, which was identified by phylogenetic methods as a novel species of Streptomyces. The structures of 1 and 2 were assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and MS analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with an IC(50) value of 11.4 and 35.1 µM, respectively. These compounds are the first examples of hydroxycinnamic acid amides containing putrescine or spermidine produced by actinomycetes.

Complete genome sequence of the motile actinomycete Actinoplanes missouriensis 431(T) (= NBRC 102363(T)).

Actinoplanes missouriensis Couch 1963 is a well-characterized member of the genus Actinoplanes, which is of morphological interest because its members typically produce sporangia containing motile spores. The sporangiospores are motile by means of flagella and exhibit chemotactic properties. It is of further interest that members of Actinoplanes are prolific sources of novel antibiotics, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds. Here, we describe the features of A. missouriensis 431(T), together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 8,773,466 bp genome contains 8,125 protein-coding and 79 RNA genes.

Variation and predicted structure of the flagellin gene in Actinoplanes species.

Members of the genus Actinoplanes are considered to be representative of motile actinomycetes. To infer the flagellar diversity of Actinoplanes species, novel degenerate primers were designed for the flagellin (fliC) gene. The fliC gene of 21 Actinoplanes strains was successfully amplified and classified into two groups based on whether they were large (type I) or small (type II). Comparison of the translated amino acid sequences revealed that this size difference could be attributed to large number of gaps located in the central variable region. However, the C- and N- terminal regions were conserved. Except for a region on the flagellum surface, structural predictions of type I and II flagellins revealed that the two flagellin types were strongly correlated with each other. Phylogenetic analysis of the 115-amino acid N-terminal sequences revealed that the Actinoplanes species formed three clusters, and type II flagellin gene containing three type strains were phylogenetically closely related each other.

Flexivirga alba gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterial taxon in the family Dermacoccaceae.

A novel actinobacterial strain ST13(T) isolated from soil near wastewater treatment facilities of an electroplating plant was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Cells of this organism were non-sporulating, and were irregular coccoid to comma shaped. The peptidoglycan of strain ST13(T) contained glutamic acid, serine, alanine, glycine and lysine, and represented the peptidoglycan type A4α. The whole-cell sugars contained ribose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H(4)). The major fatty acid was iso-C(16:0). The polar lipid contained phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 67.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ST13(T) fell within the radius of the family Dermacoccaceae, and its closest neighbor was Luteipulveratus mongoliensis MN07-A0370(T) (95.1%). However, strain ST13(T) did not make a coherent clade with members of the recognized organisms. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of this actinobacterium, a novel genus and species, Flexivirga alba gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of F. alba is ST13(T) (= NBRC 107580(T) = DSM 24460(T)).

Taxonomic and ecological studies of actinomycetes from Vietnam: isolation and genus-level diversity.

Actinomycetes were isolated from 109 soil and 93 leaf-litter samples collected at five sites in Vietnam between 2005 and 2008 using the rehydration-centrifugation (RC) method, sodium dodecyl sulfate-yeast extract dilution method, dry-heating method and oil-separation method in conjunction with humic acid-vitamin agar as an isolation medium. A total of 1882 strains were identified as Vietnamese (VN)-actinomycetes including 1080 (57%) streptomycetes (the genus Streptomyces isolates) and 802 (43%) non-streptomycetes. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the VN-actinomycetes were analyzed using BLAST searches. The results showed that these isolates belonged to 53 genera distributed among 21 families. Approximately 90% of these strains were members of three families: Streptomycetaceae (1087 strains, 58%); Micromonosporaceae (516 strains, 27%); and Streptosporangiaceae (89 strains, 5%). Motile actinomycetes of the genera Actinoplanes, Kineosporia and Cryptosporangium, which have quite common morphological characteristics, were frequently isolated from leaf-litter samples using the RC method. It is possible that these three genera acquired common properties during a process of convergent evolution. By contrast, strains belonging to the suborder Streptosporangineae were exclusively isolated from soils. A comparison of the sampling sites revealed no significant difference in taxonomic diversity between these sites. Among the non-streptomycetes, 156 strains (19%) were considered as new taxa distributed into 21 genera belonging to 12 families. Interestingly, the isolation of actinomycetes from leaf-litter samples using the RC method proved to be the most efficient way to isolate new actinomycetes in Vietnam, especially the Micromonosporaceae species.

Actinomycetospora iriomotensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a lichen sample.

An actinomycete strain, IR73-Li102(T), was isolated from a lichen sample obtained from Iriomote Island, Japan, and subsequently characterized using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain IR73-Li102(T) had the highest sequence similarities with Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis YIM 0006(T) (98.3%), A. corticola 014-5(T) (98.1%) and A. rishiriensis RI109-Li102(T) (98.0%). However, DNA-DNA hybridization assays, as well as physiological and biochemical analyzes, showed that strain IR73-Li102(T) could be clearly differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and arabinose and galactose were present in whole-cell hydrolysates. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H(4)), and the diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C(16:0) (58%). The chemotaxonomic properties of strain IR73-Li102(T) were consistent with those shared by members of the genus Actinomycetospora. On the basis of the phenotypic features and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain IR73-Li102(T) (= NBRC 106365(T) = KCTC 19783(T)) represents a novel species of the genus Actinomycetospora, for which the name Actinomycetospora iriomotensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Actinomycetospora rishiriensis sp. nov., isolated from a lichen.

An actinomycete, strain RI109-Li102(T), was isolated from a lichen sample obtained from Rishiri Island in Japan. Cells of strain RI109-Li102(T) were Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile and formed bud-like spore chains. The isolate grew with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 5-9 and at 10-30 °C (optimum 30 °C). The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H(4)) and the diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 1) H. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RI109-Li102(T) was most closely related to Actinomycetospora corticicola 014-5(T) (99.0 % rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis YIM 0006(T) (98.4 %). However, DNA-DNA hybridization assays, as well as physiological and biochemical analyses, showed that strain RI109-Li102(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. It is proposed that strain RI109-Li102(T) ( = NBRC 106356(T) = KCTC 19782(T)) be classified as the type strain of a novel species, with the name Actinomycetospora rishiriensis sp. nov.

Description of Actinomycetospora chibensis sp. nov., Actinomycetospora chlora sp. nov., Actinomycetospora cinnamomea sp. nov., Actinomycetospora corticicola sp. nov., Actinomycetospora lutea sp. nov., Actinomycetospora straminea sp. nov. and Actinomycetospora succinea sp. nov. and emended description of the genus Actinomycetospora.

Eight actinomycete strains that form bud-like spore chains were isolated from various samples collected in Japan. Phylogenetically, the isolates formed a single clade with the type strain of Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid and d- and l- alanine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, arabinose and galactose as characteristic sugars, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine as diagnostic phospholipids, MK-8(H(4)) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, iso-C(16 : 0) as the major cellular fatty acid and DNA G+C contents of 72-74 mol%. Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis, the type species of the genus Actinomycetospora, was also found to contain MK-8(H(4)) predominantly in our study, although it was earlier reported to contain MK-9(H(4)) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. On the basis of the morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, we concluded that the isolates can be accommodated in the genus Actinomycetospora with emendation of the description of the genus and are assigned to the following seven novel species: Actinomycetospora chibensis sp. nov. (type strain TT04-21(T)  = NBRC 103694(T)  = KACC 14256(T)), Actinomycetospora chlora sp. nov. (type strain TT07I-57(T)  = NBRC 105900(T)  = KACC 14252(T)), Actinomycetospora cinnamomea sp. nov. (type strain IY07-53(T)  = NBRC 105527(T)  = KACC 14250(T)), Actinomycetospora corticicola sp. nov. (type strain 014-5(T)  = NBRC 103689(T)  = KACC 14253(T)), Actinomycetospora lutea sp. nov. (type strain TT00-04(T)  = NBRC 103690(T)  = KACC 14254(T)), Actinomycetospora straminea sp. nov. (type strain IY07-55(T)  = NBRC 105528(T)  = KACC 14251(T)) and Actinomycetospora succinea sp. nov. (type strain TT00-49(T)  = NBRC 103691(T)  = KACC 14255(T)).

Nocardioides iriomotensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from forest soil.

An actinomycete strain, designated IR27-S3(T), was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan. Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating, non-motile coccoids or short rods. The strain grew in the presence of 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 6-8 and at 12-37 °C, with optimum growth at 30 °C. Chemotaxonomically, the strain contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown phospholipid. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, C17:1 cis-9, C15:0 and iso-C15:0. The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain IR27-S3(T) was closely related to Nocardioides mesophilus MSL-22(T) (98.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05(T) (97.2 %) and Nocardioides jensenii DSM 20641(T) (96.5 %). On the basis of fatty acid analysis, phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic data, the isolate should be classified in a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides iriomotensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IR27-S3(T) ( = NBRC 105384(T)  = KACC 14926(T)).

Actinophytocola timorensis sp. nov. and Actinophytocola corallina sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Two actinomycete strains, ID05-A0653(T) and ID06-A0464(T), were isolated from soils of West Timor and Lombok island, respectively, in Indonesia. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly demonstrated that the isolates belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae and were closely related to the genus Actinophytocola. Strains ID05-A0653(T) and ID06-A0464(T) exhibited 98.1 and 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively, with Actinophytocola oryzae GMKU 367(T). The isolates grew well on ISP media and produced white aerial mycelium. Short spore chains were formed directly on the substrate mycelium. The isolates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose as cell-wall components, MK-9(H(4)) as the sole isoprenoid quinone, iso-C(16 : 0) as the major cellular fatty acid and phosphatidylethanolamine as the diagnostic polar lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains ID05-A0653(T) and ID06-A0464(T) were 69.7 and 71.2 mol%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strains ID05-A0653(T) and ID06-A0464(T) each represent a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola, for which the names Actinophytocola timorensis sp. nov. (type strain ID05-A0653(T)  = BTCC B-673(T)  = NBRC 105524(T)) and Actinophytocola corallina sp. nov. (type strain ID06-A0464(T)  = BTCC B-674(T)  = NBRC 105525(T)) are proposed.